Enabling/disabling 4G RAN for given subscriber

The change adds support for enabling and disabling connection through 4G RAN by a subscriber with use of USSD codes. Change-Id: Idf964d9c770a0a1cb5c486eb2a7592d6bf44171c
AUCH test fixes by Lynxis
2025-11-02 13:13:29 +00:00 · 2019-08-22 14:30:22 +02:00 · 2019-08-22 13:52:24 +02:00 · 2019-08-22 12:47:41 +02:00 · 2019-08-20 04:45:25 +02:00 · 2019-08-20 04:45:19 +02:00
67 changed files with 1077 additions and 943 deletions
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -50,7 +50,6 @@ tests/gsup_server/gsup_server_test
 tests/gsup/gsup_test
 tests/db/db_test
 tests/hlr_vty_test.db*
-tests/db_upgrade/*.dump

 # manuals
 doc/manuals/*.html
--- a/configure.ac
+++ b/configure.ac
@@ -34,10 +34,10 @@ PKG_PROG_PKG_CONFIG([0.20])

 PKG_CHECK_MODULES(TALLOC, [talloc >= 2.0.1])

-PKG_CHECK_MODULES(LIBOSMOCORE, libosmocore >= 1.3.0)
-PKG_CHECK_MODULES(LIBOSMOGSM, libosmogsm >= 1.3.0)
-PKG_CHECK_MODULES(LIBOSMOVTY, libosmovty >= 1.3.0)
-PKG_CHECK_MODULES(LIBOSMOCTRL, libosmoctrl >= 1.3.0)
+PKG_CHECK_MODULES(LIBOSMOCORE, libosmocore >= 1.2.0)
+PKG_CHECK_MODULES(LIBOSMOGSM, libosmogsm >= 1.2.0)
+PKG_CHECK_MODULES(LIBOSMOVTY, libosmovty >= 1.2.0)
+PKG_CHECK_MODULES(LIBOSMOCTRL, libosmoctrl >= 1.2.0)
 PKG_CHECK_MODULES(LIBOSMOABIS, libosmoabis >= 0.6.0)

 PKG_CHECK_MODULES(SQLITE3, sqlite3)
@@ -175,8 +175,6 @@ AC_OUTPUT(
 	src/Makefile
 	src/gsupclient/Makefile
 	include/Makefile
-	include/osmocom/Makefile
-	include/osmocom/hlr/Makefile
 	libosmo-gsup-client.pc
 	sql/Makefile
 	doc/manuals/Makefile
@@ -186,6 +184,6 @@ AC_OUTPUT(
 	tests/auc/Makefile
 	tests/auc/gen_ts_55_205_test_sets/Makefile
 	tests/gsup_server/Makefile
+	tests/gsup/Makefile
 	tests/db/Makefile
-	tests/db_upgrade/Makefile
 	)
--- a/contrib/systemd/osmo-hlr.service
+++ b/contrib/systemd/osmo-hlr.service
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ Documentation=https://osmocom.org/projects/osmo-hlr/wiki/OsmoHLR
 [Service]
 Type=simple
 Restart=always
-ExecStart=/usr/bin/osmo-hlr -c /etc/osmocom/osmo-hlr.cfg -l /var/lib/osmocom/hlr.db
+ExecStart=/usr/bin/osmo-hlr -U -c /etc/osmocom/osmo-hlr.cfg -l /var/lib/osmocom/hlr.db
 RestartSec=2

 [Install]
--- a/debian/changelog
+++ b/debian/changelog
@@ -1,45 +1,3 @@
-osmo-hlr (1.2.0) unstable; urgency=medium
-
-  [ Ruben Undheim ]
-  * Fix test for return codes on mipsel and alpha archs
-
-  [ Thorsten Alteholz ]
-  * fix spelling errors detected by lintian
-
-  [ Pau Espin Pedrol ]
-  * tests: Fix db_test err file to expect error code name instead of value
-
-  [ Oliver Smith ]
-  * tests/test_nodes.vty: check less libosmocore cmds
-  * tests/db_upgrade: disable for old sqlite versions
-  * gitignore: add tests/db_upgrade/*.dump
-  * gsup_client.h: fix license header: GPLv2+
-  * tests/auc: change back to python3
-
-  [ Neels Hofmeyr ]
-  * fix double free in osmo_gsup_client_enc_send()
-  * db upgrade to v2: log version 2, not 1
-  * fix upgrade to version 2: imei column default value
-  * add --db-check option
-  * hlr.sql: move comment
-  * add db_upgrade test
-  * hlr db schema 3: hlr_number -> msc_number
-  * db.c: code dup: add db_run_statements() for arrays of statements
-  * move headers to include/osmocom/hlr
-  * fix upgrade test in presence of ~/.sqliterc
-  * db upgrade: remove some code dup
-  * add osmo_gsup_msgb_alloc()
-  * Makefile convenience: add VTY_TEST var to run only one test
-  * remove gsup_test
-  * test_nodes.vty: tweak: add some '?' checks
-  * db v4: add column last_lu_seen_ps
-
-  [ Harald Welte ]
-  * AUC: Add support for setting the AMF separation bit to '1' for EUTRAN
-  * hlr: exit(2) on unsupported positional arguments on command line
-
- -- Pau Espin Pedrol <pespin@sysmocom.de>  Fri, 03 Jan 2020 12:37:35 +0100
-
 osmo-hlr (1.1.0) unstable; urgency=medium

  [ Oliver Smith ]
--- a/debian/control
+++ b/debian/control
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ Build-Depends: debhelper (>= 9),
               dh-autoreconf,
               dh-systemd (>= 1.5),
               autotools-dev,
-               python3-minimal,
+               python-minimal,
               libosmocore-dev,
               libosmo-abis-dev,
               libosmo-netif-dev,
--- a/doc/examples/osmo-hlr.cfg
+++ b/doc/examples/osmo-hlr.cfg
@@ -24,3 +24,10 @@ hlr
  bind ip 127.0.0.1
 ussd route prefix *#100# internal own-msisdn
 ussd route prefix *#101# internal own-imsi
+ ussd route prefix *#102# internal get-ran
+ ussd route prefix *#200# internal gsm-off
+ ussd route prefix *#201# internal gsm-on
+ ussd route prefix *#300# internal umts-off
+ ussd route prefix *#301# internal umts-on
+ ussd route prefix *#400# internal lte-off
+ ussd route prefix *#401# internal lte-on
--- a/doc/manuals/chapters/subscribers.adoc
+++ b/doc/manuals/chapters/subscribers.adoc
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ transceiving only RAND and SRES, may be applicable. (See 3GPP TS 33.102, chapter
 |aud3g.ind_bitlen|5|Nr of index bits at lower SQN end
 |apn||
 |vlr_number||3GPP TS 23.008 chapter 2.4.5
-|msc_number||3GPP TS 23.008 chapter 2.4.6
+|hlr_number||3GPP TS 23.008 chapter 2.4.6
 |sgsn_number||3GPP TS 23.008 chapter 2.4.8.1
 |sgsn_address||3GPP TS 23.008 chapter 2.13.10
 |ggsn_number||3GPP TS 23.008 chapter 2.4.8.2
--- a/include/Makefile.am
+++ b/include/Makefile.am
@@ -1,3 +1,2 @@
-SUBDIRS = osmocom
-
 nobase_include_HEADERS = osmocom/gsupclient/gsup_client.h
+
--- a/include/osmocom/Makefile.am
+++ b/include/osmocom/Makefile.am
@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-SUBDIRS = \
-	hlr \
-	$(NULL)
--- a/include/osmocom/gsupclient/gsup_client.h
+++ b/include/osmocom/gsupclient/gsup_client.h
@@ -6,17 +6,18 @@
 * Author: Jacob Erlbeck
 *
 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+ * it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation; either version 3 of the License, or
 * (at your option) any later version.
 *
 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ * GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
+ * along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
- * with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 */
 #pragma once

--- a/include/osmocom/hlr/Makefile.am
+++ b/include/osmocom/hlr/Makefile.am
@@ -1,14 +0,0 @@
-noinst_HEADERS = \
-	auc.h \
-	ctrl.h \
-	db.h \
-	gsup_router.h \
-	gsup_server.h \
-	hlr.h \
-	hlr_ussd.h \
-	hlr_vty.h \
-	hlr_vty_subscr.h \
-	logging.h \
-	luop.h \
-	rand.h \
-	$(NULL)
--- a/sql/hlr.sql
+++ b/sql/hlr.sql
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ CREATE TABLE subscriber (
 	-- Chapter 2.4.5
 	vlr_number	VARCHAR(15),
 	-- Chapter 2.4.6
-	msc_number	VARCHAR(15),
+	hlr_number	VARCHAR(15),
 	-- Chapter 2.4.8.1
 	sgsn_number	VARCHAR(15),
 	-- Chapter 2.13.10
@@ -43,7 +43,11 @@ CREATE TABLE subscriber (
 	-- Timestamp of last location update seen from subscriber
 	-- The value is a string which encodes a UTC timestamp in granularity of seconds.
 	last_lu_seen TIMESTAMP default NULL,
-	last_lu_seen_ps TIMESTAMP default NULL
+
+	-- Last Radio Access Type list as sent during Location Updating Request.
+	-- This is usually just one RAT name, but can be a comma separated list of strings
+	-- of all the RAT types sent during Location Updating Request.
+	last_lu_rat	TEXT default NULL
 );

 CREATE TABLE subscriber_apn (
@@ -70,11 +74,19 @@ CREATE TABLE auc_3g (
 	op		VARCHAR(32),		-- hex string: operator's secret key (128bit)
 	opc		VARCHAR(32),		-- hex string: derived from OP and K (128bit)
 	sqn		INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,	-- sequence number of key usage
-	-- nr of index bits at lower SQN end
-	ind_bitlen	INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 5
+	ind_bitlen	INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 5	-- nr of index bits at lower SQN end
+);
+
+-- Optional: add subscriber entries to allow or disallow specific RATs (2G or 3G or ...).
+-- If a subscriber has no entry, that means that all RATs are allowed (backwards compat).
+CREATE TABLE subscriber_rat (
+	subscriber_id	INTEGER,		-- subscriber.id
+	rat		TEXT CHECK(rat in ('GERAN-A', 'UTRAN-Iu','EUTRAN-SGs')) NOT NULL,	-- Radio Access Technology, see enum ran_type
+	allowed		BOOLEAN CHECK(allowed in (0, 1)) NOT NULL DEFAULT 0
 );

 CREATE UNIQUE INDEX idx_subscr_imsi ON subscriber (imsi);
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX idx_subscr_rat_flag ON subscriber_rat (subscriber_id, rat);

 -- Set HLR database schema version number
 -- Note: This constant is currently duplicated in src/db.c and must be kept in sync!
--- a/sql/upgrade_v2_to_v3.sql
+++ b/sql/upgrade_v2_to_v3.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+
+CREATE TABLE subscriber_rat (
+	subscriber_id	INTEGER,		-- subscriber.id
+	rat		TEXT CHECK(rat in ('GERAN-A', 'UTRAN-Iu')) NOT NULL,	-- Radio Access Technology, see enum ran_type
+	allowed		BOOLEAN NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
+);
+
+PRAGMA user_version = 3;
--- a/src/Makefile.am
+++ b/src/Makefile.am
@@ -11,7 +11,6 @@ AM_CFLAGS = \
 	$(NULL)

 AM_CPPFLAGS = -I$(top_srcdir)/include \
-	-I$(top_builddir)/include \
 	$(NULL)

 EXTRA_DIST = \
@@ -25,6 +24,18 @@ BUILT_SOURCES = \
 CLEANFILES = $(BUILT_SOURCES)

 noinst_HEADERS = \
+	auc.h \
+	db.h \
+	hlr.h \
+	luop.h \
+	gsup_router.h \
+	gsup_server.h \
+	logging.h \
+	rand.h \
+	ctrl.h \
+	hlr_vty.h \
+	hlr_vty_subscr.h \
+	hlr_ussd.h \
 	db_bootstrap.h \
 	$(NULL)

--- a/src/auc.c
+++ b/src/auc.c
@@ -23,8 +23,8 @@
 #include <osmocom/core/utils.h>
 #include <osmocom/crypt/auth.h>

-#include <osmocom/hlr/logging.h>
-#include <osmocom/hlr/rand.h>
+#include "logging.h"
+#include "rand.h"

 #define hexb(buf) osmo_hexdump_nospc((void*)buf, sizeof(buf))
 #define hex(buf,sz) osmo_hexdump_nospc((void*)buf, sz)
--- a/include/osmocom/hlr/auc.h
+++ b/include/osmocom/hlr/auc.h
--- a/src/ctrl.c
+++ b/src/ctrl.c
@@ -28,9 +28,9 @@
 #include <osmocom/gsm/gsm23003.h>
 #include <osmocom/ctrl/ports.h>

-#include <osmocom/hlr/hlr.h>
-#include <osmocom/hlr/ctrl.h>
-#include <osmocom/hlr/db.h>
+#include "hlr.h"
+#include "ctrl.h"
+#include "db.h"

 #define SEL_BY "by-"
 #define SEL_BY_IMSI SEL_BY "imsi-"
--- a/include/osmocom/hlr/ctrl.h
+++ b/include/osmocom/hlr/ctrl.h
--- a/src/db.c
+++ b/src/db.c
@@ -23,8 +23,8 @@
 #include <sqlite3.h>
 #include <string.h>

-#include <osmocom/hlr/logging.h>
-#include <osmocom/hlr/db.h>
+#include "logging.h"
+#include "db.h"
 #include "db_bootstrap.h"

 /* This constant is currently duplicated in sql/hlr.sql and must be kept in sync! */
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@
 	"ms_purged_cs," \
 	"ms_purged_ps," \
 	"last_lu_seen," \
-	"last_lu_seen_ps" \
+	"last_lu_rat"

 static const char *stmt_sql[] = {
 	[DB_STMT_SEL_BY_IMSI] = "SELECT " SEL_COLUMNS " FROM subscriber WHERE imsi = ?",
@@ -79,10 +79,16 @@ static const char *stmt_sql[] = {
 		"INSERT INTO auc_3g (subscriber_id, algo_id_3g, k, op, opc, ind_bitlen)"
 		" VALUES($subscriber_id, $algo_id_3g, $k, $op, $opc, $ind_bitlen)",
 	[DB_STMT_AUC_3G_DELETE] = "DELETE FROM auc_3g WHERE subscriber_id = $subscriber_id",
-	[DB_STMT_SET_LAST_LU_SEEN] = "UPDATE subscriber SET last_lu_seen = datetime($val, 'unixepoch') WHERE id = $subscriber_id",
-	[DB_STMT_SET_LAST_LU_SEEN_PS] = "UPDATE subscriber SET last_lu_seen_ps = datetime($val, 'unixepoch') WHERE id = $subscriber_id",
+	[DB_STMT_SET_LAST_LU_SEEN] = "UPDATE subscriber SET last_lu_seen = datetime($val, 'unixepoch'), last_lu_rat = $rat"
+				     " WHERE id = $subscriber_id",
 	[DB_STMT_EXISTS_BY_IMSI] = "SELECT 1 FROM subscriber WHERE imsi = $imsi",
 	[DB_STMT_EXISTS_BY_MSISDN] = "SELECT 1 FROM subscriber WHERE msisdn = $msisdn",
+	[DB_STMT_UPD_RAT_FLAG] = "INSERT OR REPLACE INTO subscriber_rat (subscriber_id, rat, allowed)"
+		" VALUES ($subscriber_id, $rat, $allowed)",
+	[DB_STMT_RAT_BY_ID] =
+		"SELECT rat, allowed"
+		" FROM subscriber_rat"
+		" WHERE subscriber_id = $subscriber_id",
 };

 static void sql3_error_log_cb(void *arg, int err_code, const char *msg)
@@ -203,38 +209,28 @@ void db_close(struct db_context *dbc)
 	talloc_free(dbc);
 }

-static int db_run_statements(struct db_context *dbc, const char **statements, size_t statements_count)
+static int db_bootstrap(struct db_context *dbc)
 {
-	int rc;
 	int i;
-	for (i = 0; i < statements_count; i++) {
-		const char *stmt_str = statements[i];
+	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(stmt_bootstrap_sql); i++) {
+		int rc;
 		sqlite3_stmt *stmt;
-
-		rc = sqlite3_prepare_v2(dbc->db, stmt_str, -1, &stmt, NULL);
+		rc = sqlite3_prepare_v2(dbc->db, stmt_bootstrap_sql[i], -1, &stmt, NULL);
 		if (rc != SQLITE_OK) {
-			LOGP(DDB, LOGL_ERROR, "Unable to prepare SQL statement '%s'\n", stmt_str);
+			LOGP(DDB, LOGL_ERROR, "Unable to prepare SQL statement '%s'\n", stmt_bootstrap_sql[i]);
 			return rc;
 		}
+
 		rc = sqlite3_step(stmt);
 		db_remove_reset(stmt);
 		sqlite3_finalize(stmt);
 		if (rc != SQLITE_DONE) {
-			LOGP(DDB, LOGL_ERROR, "SQL error: (%d) %s, during stmt '%s'",
-			     rc, sqlite3_errmsg(dbc->db), stmt_str);
+			LOGP(DDB, LOGL_ERROR, "Cannot bootstrap database: SQL error: (%d) %s,"
+			     " during stmt '%s'",
+			     rc, sqlite3_errmsg(dbc->db), stmt_bootstrap_sql[i]);
 			return rc;
 		}
 	}
-	return rc;
-}
-
-static int db_bootstrap(struct db_context *dbc)
-{
-	int rc = db_run_statements(dbc, stmt_bootstrap_sql, ARRAY_SIZE(stmt_bootstrap_sql));
-	if (rc != SQLITE_DONE) {
-		LOGP(DDB, LOGL_ERROR, "Cannot bootstrap database\n");
-		return rc;
-	}
 	return SQLITE_OK;
 }

@@ -275,180 +271,151 @@ static bool db_is_bootstrapped_v0(struct db_context *dbc)
 static int
 db_upgrade_v1(struct db_context *dbc)
 {
+	sqlite3_stmt *stmt;
 	int rc;
-	const char *statements[] = {
-		"ALTER TABLE subscriber ADD COLUMN last_lu_seen TIMESTAMP default NULL",
-		"PRAGMA user_version = 1",
-	};
+	const char *update_stmt_sql = "ALTER TABLE subscriber ADD COLUMN last_lu_seen TIMESTAMP default NULL";
+	const char *set_schema_version_sql = "PRAGMA user_version = 1";

-	rc = db_run_statements(dbc, statements, ARRAY_SIZE(statements));
-	if (rc != SQLITE_DONE) {
-		LOGP(DDB, LOGL_ERROR, "Unable to update HLR database schema to version 1\n");
+	rc = sqlite3_prepare_v2(dbc->db, update_stmt_sql, -1, &stmt, NULL);
+	if (rc != SQLITE_OK) {
+		LOGP(DDB, LOGL_ERROR, "Unable to prepare SQL statement '%s'\n", update_stmt_sql);
 		return rc;
 	}
+	rc = sqlite3_step(stmt);
+	db_remove_reset(stmt);
+	sqlite3_finalize(stmt);
+	if (rc != SQLITE_DONE) {
+		LOGP(DDB, LOGL_ERROR, "Unable to update HLR database schema to version %d\n", 1);
+		return rc;
+	}
+
+	rc = sqlite3_prepare_v2(dbc->db, set_schema_version_sql, -1, &stmt, NULL);
+	if (rc != SQLITE_OK) {
+		LOGP(DDB, LOGL_ERROR, "Unable to prepare SQL statement '%s'\n", set_schema_version_sql);
+		return rc;
+	}
+	rc = sqlite3_step(stmt);
+	if (rc != SQLITE_DONE)
+		LOGP(DDB, LOGL_ERROR, "Unable to update HLR database schema to version %d\n", 1);
+
+	db_remove_reset(stmt);
+	sqlite3_finalize(stmt);
 	return rc;
 }

 static int db_upgrade_v2(struct db_context *dbc)
 {
+	sqlite3_stmt *stmt;
 	int rc;
-	const char *statements[] = {
-		"ALTER TABLE subscriber ADD COLUMN imei VARCHAR(14)",
-		"PRAGMA user_version = 2",
-	};
+	const char *update_stmt_sql = "ALTER TABLE subscriber ADD COLUMN imei VARCHAR(14) default NULL";
+	const char *set_schema_version_sql = "PRAGMA user_version = 2";

-	rc = db_run_statements(dbc, statements, ARRAY_SIZE(statements));
-	if (rc != SQLITE_DONE) {
-		LOGP(DDB, LOGL_ERROR, "Unable to update HLR database schema to version 2\n");
+	rc = sqlite3_prepare_v2(dbc->db, update_stmt_sql, -1, &stmt, NULL);
+	if (rc != SQLITE_OK) {
+		LOGP(DDB, LOGL_ERROR, "Unable to prepare SQL statement '%s'\n", update_stmt_sql);
 		return rc;
 	}
+	rc = sqlite3_step(stmt);
+	db_remove_reset(stmt);
+	sqlite3_finalize(stmt);
+	if (rc != SQLITE_DONE) {
+		LOGP(DDB, LOGL_ERROR, "Unable to update HLR database schema to version %d\n", 1);
+		return rc;
+	}
+
+	rc = sqlite3_prepare_v2(dbc->db, set_schema_version_sql, -1, &stmt, NULL);
+	if (rc != SQLITE_OK) {
+		LOGP(DDB, LOGL_ERROR, "Unable to prepare SQL statement '%s'\n", set_schema_version_sql);
+		return rc;
+	}
+	rc = sqlite3_step(stmt);
+	if (rc != SQLITE_DONE)
+		LOGP(DDB, LOGL_ERROR, "Unable to update HLR database schema to version %d\n", 1);
+
+	db_remove_reset(stmt);
+	sqlite3_finalize(stmt);
 	return rc;
 }

 static int db_upgrade_v3(struct db_context *dbc)
 {
-	int rc;
-
-	/* A newer SQLite version would allow simply 'ATLER TABLE subscriber RENAME COLUMN hlr_number TO msc_number'.
-	 * This is a really expensive workaround for that in order to cover earlier SQLite versions as well:
-	 * Create a new table with the new column name and copy the data over (https://www.sqlite.org/faq.html#q11).
-	 */
-#define SUBSCR_V3_CREATE  \
-"(\n" \
-"-- OsmoHLR's DB scheme is modelled roughly after TS 23.008 version 13.3.0\n" \
-"	id		INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,\n" \
-"	-- Chapter 2.1.1.1\n" \
-"	imsi		VARCHAR(15) UNIQUE NOT NULL,\n" \
-"	-- Chapter 2.1.2\n" \
-"	msisdn		VARCHAR(15) UNIQUE,\n" \
-"	-- Chapter 2.2.3: Most recent / current IMEISV\n" \
-"	imeisv		VARCHAR,\n" \
-"	-- Chapter 2.1.9: Most recent / current IMEI\n" \
-"	imei		VARCHAR(14),\n" \
-"	-- Chapter 2.4.5\n" \
-"	vlr_number	VARCHAR(15),\n" \
-"	-- Chapter 2.4.6\n" \
-"	msc_number	VARCHAR(15),\n" \
-"	-- Chapter 2.4.8.1\n" \
-"	sgsn_number	VARCHAR(15),\n" \
-"	-- Chapter 2.13.10\n" \
-"	sgsn_address	VARCHAR,\n" \
-"	-- Chapter 2.4.8.2\n" \
-"	ggsn_number	VARCHAR(15),\n" \
-"	-- Chapter 2.4.9.2\n" \
-"	gmlc_number	VARCHAR(15),\n" \
-"	-- Chapter 2.4.23\n" \
-"	smsc_number	VARCHAR(15),\n" \
-"	-- Chapter 2.4.24\n" \
-"	periodic_lu_tmr	INTEGER,\n" \
-"	-- Chapter 2.13.115\n" \
-"	periodic_rau_tau_tmr INTEGER,\n" \
-"	-- Chapter 2.1.1.2: network access mode\n" \
-"	nam_cs		BOOLEAN NOT NULL DEFAULT 1,\n" \
-"	nam_ps		BOOLEAN NOT NULL DEFAULT 1,\n" \
-"	-- Chapter 2.1.8\n" \
-"	lmsi		INTEGER,\n" \
- \
-"	-- The below purged flags might not even be stored non-volatile,\n" \
-"	-- refer to TS 23.012 Chapter 3.6.1.4\n" \
-"	-- Chapter 2.7.5\n" \
-"	ms_purged_cs	BOOLEAN NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,\n" \
-"	-- Chapter 2.7.6\n" \
-"	ms_purged_ps	BOOLEAN NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,\n" \
- \
-"	-- Timestamp of last location update seen from subscriber\n" \
-"	-- The value is a string which encodes a UTC timestamp in granularity of seconds.\n" \
-"	last_lu_seen TIMESTAMP default NULL\n" \
-")\n"
-
-#define SUBSCR_V2_COLUMN_NAMES \
-	"id," \
-	"imsi," \
-	"msisdn," \
-	"imeisv," \
-	"imei," \
-	"vlr_number," \
-	"hlr_number," \
-	"sgsn_number," \
-	"sgsn_address," \
-	"ggsn_number," \
-	"gmlc_number," \
-	"smsc_number," \
-	"periodic_lu_tmr," \
-	"periodic_rau_tau_tmr," \
-	"nam_cs," \
-	"nam_ps," \
-	"lmsi," \
-	"ms_purged_cs," \
-	"ms_purged_ps," \
-	"last_lu_seen"
-
-#define SUBSCR_V3_COLUMN_NAMES \
-	"id," \
-	"imsi," \
-	"msisdn," \
-	"imeisv," \
-	"imei," \
-	"vlr_number," \
-	"msc_number," \
-	"sgsn_number," \
-	"sgsn_address," \
-	"ggsn_number," \
-	"gmlc_number," \
-	"smsc_number," \
-	"periodic_lu_tmr," \
-	"periodic_rau_tau_tmr," \
-	"nam_cs," \
-	"nam_ps," \
-	"lmsi," \
-	"ms_purged_cs," \
-	"ms_purged_ps," \
-	"last_lu_seen"
-
-	const char *statements[] = {
-		"BEGIN TRANSACTION",
-		"CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE subscriber_backup" SUBSCR_V3_CREATE,
-		"INSERT INTO subscriber_backup SELECT " SUBSCR_V2_COLUMN_NAMES " FROM subscriber",
-		"DROP TABLE subscriber",
-		"CREATE TABLE subscriber" SUBSCR_V3_CREATE,
-		"INSERT INTO subscriber SELECT " SUBSCR_V3_COLUMN_NAMES " FROM subscriber_backup",
-		"DROP TABLE subscriber_backup",
-		"COMMIT",
-		"PRAGMA user_version = 3",
+	int i;
+	const char *stmts[] = {
+		"CREATE TABLE subscriber_rat",
+		"CREATE UNIQUE INDEX idx_subscr_rat_flag",
+		NULL
 	};
+	sqlite3_stmt *stmt = NULL;

-	rc = db_run_statements(dbc, statements, ARRAY_SIZE(statements));
-	if (rc != SQLITE_DONE) {
-		LOGP(DDB, LOGL_ERROR, "Unable to update HLR database schema to version 3\n");
-		return rc;
+	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(stmts); i++) {
+		int rc;
+		int j;
+		const char *stmt_sql = NULL;
+
+		if (stmts[i] != NULL) {
+			for (j = 0; j < ARRAY_SIZE(stmt_bootstrap_sql); j++) {
+				if (strstr(stmt_bootstrap_sql[j], stmts[i])) {
+					/* make sure we have a unique match, hence also not break; here */
+					OSMO_ASSERT(!stmt_sql);
+					stmt_sql = stmt_bootstrap_sql[j];
+				}
+			}
+		} else
+			stmt_sql = "PRAGMA user_version = 3";
+		OSMO_ASSERT(stmt_sql);
+
+		rc = sqlite3_prepare_v2(dbc->db, stmt_sql, -1, &stmt, NULL);
+		if (rc != SQLITE_OK) {
+			LOGP(DDB, LOGL_ERROR, "Unable to prepare SQL statement '%s'\n", stmt_sql);
+			return rc;
+		}
+		rc = sqlite3_step(stmt);
+		db_remove_reset(stmt);
+		sqlite3_finalize(stmt);
+		if (rc != SQLITE_DONE) {
+			LOGP(DDB, LOGL_ERROR, "Unable to update HLR database schema to version 2: '%s'\n",
+			     stmt_sql);
+			return rc;
+		}
 	}
-	return rc;
+
+	return SQLITE_DONE;
 }

 static int db_upgrade_v4(struct db_context *dbc)
 {
+	sqlite3_stmt *stmt;
 	int rc;
-	const char *statements[] = {
-		"ALTER TABLE subscriber ADD COLUMN last_lu_seen_ps TIMESTAMP default NULL",
-		"PRAGMA user_version = 4",
-	};
+	const char *update_stmt_sql = "ALTER TABLE subscriber ADD COLUMN last_lu_rat TEXT default NULL";
+	const char *set_schema_version_sql = "PRAGMA user_version = 4";

-	rc = db_run_statements(dbc, statements, ARRAY_SIZE(statements));
-	if (rc != SQLITE_DONE) {
-		LOGP(DDB, LOGL_ERROR, "Unable to update HLR database schema to version 4\n");
+	rc = sqlite3_prepare_v2(dbc->db, update_stmt_sql, -1, &stmt, NULL);
+	if (rc != SQLITE_OK) {
+		LOGP(DDB, LOGL_ERROR, "Unable to prepare SQL statement '%s'\n", update_stmt_sql);
 		return rc;
 	}
+	rc = sqlite3_step(stmt);
+	db_remove_reset(stmt);
+	sqlite3_finalize(stmt);
+	if (rc != SQLITE_DONE) {
+		LOGP(DDB, LOGL_ERROR, "Unable to update HLR database schema to version %d\n", 1);
+		return rc;
+	}
+
+	rc = sqlite3_prepare_v2(dbc->db, set_schema_version_sql, -1, &stmt, NULL);
+	if (rc != SQLITE_OK) {
+		LOGP(DDB, LOGL_ERROR, "Unable to prepare SQL statement '%s'\n", set_schema_version_sql);
+		return rc;
+	}
+	rc = sqlite3_step(stmt);
+	if (rc != SQLITE_DONE)
+		LOGP(DDB, LOGL_ERROR, "Unable to update HLR database schema to version 4\n");
+
+	db_remove_reset(stmt);
+	sqlite3_finalize(stmt);
 	return rc;
 }

-typedef int (*db_upgrade_func_t)(struct db_context *dbc);
-static db_upgrade_func_t db_upgrade_path[] = {
-	db_upgrade_v1,
-	db_upgrade_v2,
-	db_upgrade_v3,
-	db_upgrade_v4,
-};
-
 static int db_get_user_version(struct db_context *dbc)
 {
 	const char *user_version_sql = "PRAGMA user_version";
@@ -559,25 +526,61 @@ struct db_context *db_open(void *ctx, const char *fname, bool enable_sqlite_logg

 	LOGP(DDB, LOGL_NOTICE, "Database '%s' has HLR DB schema version %d\n", dbc->fname, version);

-	for (; allow_upgrade && (version < ARRAY_SIZE(db_upgrade_path)); version++) {
-		db_upgrade_func_t upgrade_func = db_upgrade_path[version];
-		rc = upgrade_func(dbc);
-		if (rc != SQLITE_DONE) {
-			LOGP(DDB, LOGL_ERROR, "Failed to upgrade HLR DB schema to version %d: (rc=%d) %s\n",
-			     version+1, rc, sqlite3_errmsg(dbc->db));
-			goto out_free;
+	if (version < CURRENT_SCHEMA_VERSION && allow_upgrade) {
+		int orig_version = version;
+
+		switch (version) {
+		case 0:
+			rc = db_upgrade_v1(dbc);
+			if (rc != SQLITE_DONE) {
+				LOGP(DDB, LOGL_ERROR, "Failed to upgrade HLR DB schema to version 1: (rc=%d) %s\n",
+				     rc, sqlite3_errmsg(dbc->db));
+				goto out_free;
+			}
+			version = 1;
+			/* fall through */
+		case 1:
+			rc = db_upgrade_v2(dbc);
+			if (rc != SQLITE_DONE) {
+				LOGP(DDB, LOGL_ERROR, "Failed to upgrade HLR DB schema to version 2: (rc=%d) %s\n",
+				     rc, sqlite3_errmsg(dbc->db));
+				goto out_free;
+			}
+			version = 2;
+			/* fall through */
+		case 2:
+			rc = db_upgrade_v3(dbc);
+			if (rc != SQLITE_DONE) {
+				LOGP(DDB, LOGL_ERROR, "Failed to upgrade HLR DB schema to version 2: (rc=%d) %s\n",
+				     rc, sqlite3_errmsg(dbc->db));
+				goto out_free;
+			}
+			version = 3;
+			/* fall through */
+		case 3:
+			rc = db_upgrade_v4(dbc);
+			if (rc != SQLITE_DONE) {
+				LOGP(DDB, LOGL_ERROR, "Failed to upgrade HLR DB schema to version 4: (rc=%d) %s\n",
+				     rc, sqlite3_errmsg(dbc->db));
+				goto out_free;
+			}
+			version = 4;
+			/* fall through */
+		/* case N: ... */
+		default:
+			break;
 		}
-		LOGP(DDB, LOGL_NOTICE, "Database '%s' has been upgraded to HLR DB schema version %d\n",
-		     dbc->fname, version+1);
+		LOGP(DDB, LOGL_NOTICE, "Database '%s' has been upgraded from HLR DB schema version %d to %d\n",
+		     dbc->fname, orig_version, version);
 	}

 	if (version != CURRENT_SCHEMA_VERSION) {
 		if (version < CURRENT_SCHEMA_VERSION) {
 			LOGP(DDB, LOGL_NOTICE, "HLR DB schema version %d is outdated\n", version);
 			if (!allow_upgrade) {
-				LOGP(DDB, LOGL_ERROR, "Not upgrading HLR database to schema version %d; "
+				LOGP(DDB, LOGL_ERROR, "Not upgrading HLR database from schema version %d to %d; "
 				     "use the --db-upgrade option to allow HLR database upgrades\n",
-				     CURRENT_SCHEMA_VERSION);
+				     version, CURRENT_SCHEMA_VERSION);
 			}
 		} else
 			LOGP(DDB, LOGL_ERROR, "HLR DB schema version %d is unknown\n", version);
--- a/include/osmocom/hlr/db.h
+++ b/include/osmocom/hlr/db.h
@@ -3,6 +3,8 @@
 #include <stdbool.h>
 #include <sqlite3.h>

+#include <osmocom/gsm/gsm_utils.h>
+
 struct hlr;

 enum stmt_idx {
@@ -28,9 +30,10 @@ enum stmt_idx {
 	DB_STMT_AUC_3G_INSERT,
 	DB_STMT_AUC_3G_DELETE,
 	DB_STMT_SET_LAST_LU_SEEN,
-	DB_STMT_SET_LAST_LU_SEEN_PS,
 	DB_STMT_EXISTS_BY_IMSI,
 	DB_STMT_EXISTS_BY_MSISDN,
+	DB_STMT_UPD_RAT_FLAG,
+	DB_STMT_RAT_BY_ID,
 	_NUM_DB_STMT
 };

@@ -96,9 +99,14 @@ struct hlr_subscriber {
 	bool		ms_purged_cs;
 	bool		ms_purged_ps;
 	time_t		last_lu_seen;
-	time_t		last_lu_seen_ps;
+	char		last_lu_rat[128];
+	bool		rat_types[OSMO_RAT_COUNT];
 };

+static const struct hlr_subscriber hlr_subscriber_empty = {
+		.rat_types = { true, true, true },
+	};
+
 /* A format string for use with strptime(3). This format string is
 * used to parse the last_lu_seen column stored in the HLR database.
 * See https://sqlite.org/lang_datefunc.html, function datetime(). */
@@ -151,13 +159,18 @@ int db_subscr_get_by_id(struct db_context *dbc, int64_t id,
 int db_subscr_get_by_imei(struct db_context *dbc, const char *imei, struct hlr_subscriber *subscr);
 int db_subscr_nam(struct db_context *dbc, const char *imsi, bool nam_val, bool is_ps);
 int db_subscr_lu(struct db_context *dbc, int64_t subscr_id,
-		 const char *vlr_or_sgsn_number, bool is_ps);
+		 const char *vlr_or_sgsn_number, bool is_ps,
+		 const enum osmo_rat_type rat_types[], size_t rat_types_len);

 int db_subscr_purge(struct db_context *dbc, const char *by_imsi,
 		    bool purge_val, bool is_ps);

 int hlr_subscr_nam(struct hlr *hlr, struct hlr_subscriber *subscr, bool nam_val, bool is_ps);

+int db_subscr_set_rat_type_flag(struct db_context *dbc, int64_t subscr_id, enum osmo_rat_type rat, bool allowed);
+int db_subscr_get_rat_types(struct db_context *dbc, struct hlr_subscriber *subscr);
+int hlr_subscr_rat_flag(struct hlr *hlr, struct hlr_subscriber *subscr, enum osmo_rat_type rat, bool allowed);
+
 /*! Call sqlite3_column_text() and copy result to a char[].
 * \param[out] buf  A char[] used as sizeof() arg(!) and osmo_strlcpy() target.
 * \param[in] stmt  An sqlite3_stmt*.
--- a/src/db_auc.c
+++ b/src/db_auc.c
@@ -26,10 +26,10 @@

 #include <sqlite3.h>

-#include <osmocom/hlr/logging.h>
-#include <osmocom/hlr/db.h>
-#include <osmocom/hlr/auc.h>
-#include <osmocom/hlr/rand.h>
+#include "logging.h"
+#include "db.h"
+#include "auc.h"
+#include "rand.h"

 #define LOGAUC(imsi, level, fmt, args ...)	LOGP(DAUC, level, "IMSI='%s': " fmt, imsi, ## args)

--- a/src/db_hlr.c
+++ b/src/db_hlr.c
@@ -33,11 +33,11 @@

 #include <sqlite3.h>

-#include <osmocom/hlr/logging.h>
-#include <osmocom/hlr/hlr.h>
-#include <osmocom/hlr/db.h>
-#include <osmocom/hlr/gsup_server.h>
-#include <osmocom/hlr/luop.h>
+#include "logging.h"
+#include "hlr.h"
+#include "db.h"
+#include "gsup_server.h"
+#include "luop.h"

 #define LOGHLR(imsi, level, fmt, args ...)	LOGP(DAUC, level, "IMSI='%s': " fmt, imsi, ## args)

@@ -438,36 +438,14 @@ out:
 	return ret;
 }

-static void parse_last_lu_seen(time_t *dst, const char *last_lu_seen_str, const char *imsi, const char *label)
-{
-	struct tm tm = {0};
-	time_t val;
-	if (!last_lu_seen_str || last_lu_seen_str[0] == '\0')
-		return;
-
-	if (strptime(last_lu_seen_str, DB_LAST_LU_SEEN_FMT, &tm) == NULL) {
-		LOGP(DAUC, LOGL_ERROR, "IMSI-%s: Last LU Seen %s: Cannot parse timestamp '%s'\n",
-		     imsi, label, last_lu_seen_str);
-		return;
-	}
-
-	errno = 0;
-	val = mktime(&tm);
-	if (val == -1) {
-		LOGP(DAUC, LOGL_ERROR, "IMSI-%s: Last LU Seen %s: Cannot convert timestamp '%s' to time_t: %s\n",
-		     imsi, label, last_lu_seen_str, strerror(errno));
-		val = 0;
-	}
-
-	*dst = val;
-}
-
 /* Common code for db_subscr_get_by_*() functions. */
 static int db_sel(struct db_context *dbc, sqlite3_stmt *stmt, struct hlr_subscriber *subscr,
 		  const char **err)
 {
 	int rc;
 	int ret = 0;
+	const char *last_lu_seen_str;
+	struct tm tm = {0};

 	/* execute the statement */
 	rc = sqlite3_step(stmt);
@@ -483,7 +461,7 @@ static int db_sel(struct db_context *dbc, sqlite3_stmt *stmt, struct hlr_subscri
 	if (!subscr)
 		goto out;

-	*subscr = (struct hlr_subscriber){};
+	*subscr = hlr_subscriber_empty;

 	/* obtain the various columns */
 	subscr->id = sqlite3_column_int64(stmt, 0);
@@ -501,14 +479,28 @@ static int db_sel(struct db_context *dbc, sqlite3_stmt *stmt, struct hlr_subscri
 	subscr->lmsi = sqlite3_column_int(stmt, 11);
 	subscr->ms_purged_cs = sqlite3_column_int(stmt, 12);
 	subscr->ms_purged_ps = sqlite3_column_int(stmt, 13);
-	parse_last_lu_seen(&subscr->last_lu_seen, (const char *)sqlite3_column_text(stmt, 14),
-			   subscr->imsi, "CS");
-	parse_last_lu_seen(&subscr->last_lu_seen_ps, (const char *)sqlite3_column_text(stmt, 15),
-			   subscr->imsi, "PS");
+	last_lu_seen_str = (const char *)sqlite3_column_text(stmt, 14);
+	if (last_lu_seen_str && last_lu_seen_str[0] != '\0') {
+		if (strptime(last_lu_seen_str, DB_LAST_LU_SEEN_FMT, &tm) == NULL) {
+			LOGP(DAUC, LOGL_ERROR, "Cannot parse last LU timestamp '%s' of subscriber with IMSI='%s': %s\n",
+			     last_lu_seen_str, subscr->imsi, strerror(errno));
+		} else {
+			subscr->last_lu_seen = mktime(&tm);
+			if (subscr->last_lu_seen == -1) {
+				LOGP(DAUC, LOGL_ERROR, "Cannot convert LU timestamp '%s' to time_t: %s\n",
+				     last_lu_seen_str, strerror(errno));
+				subscr->last_lu_seen = 0;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	copy_sqlite3_text_to_buf(subscr->last_lu_rat, stmt, 15);

 out:
 	db_remove_reset(stmt);

+	if (ret == 0)
+		db_subscr_get_rat_types(dbc, subscr);
+
 	switch (ret) {
 	case 0:
 		*err = NULL;
@@ -734,11 +726,14 @@ out:
 *         -EIO on database errors.
 */
 int db_subscr_lu(struct db_context *dbc, int64_t subscr_id,
-		 const char *vlr_or_sgsn_number, bool is_ps)
+		 const char *vlr_or_sgsn_number, bool is_ps,
+		 const enum osmo_rat_type rat_types[], size_t rat_types_len)
 {
 	sqlite3_stmt *stmt;
 	int rc, ret = 0;
 	struct timespec localtime;
+	char rat_types_str[128] = "";
+	int i;

 	stmt = dbc->stmt[is_ps ? DB_STMT_UPD_SGSN_BY_ID
 			       : DB_STMT_UPD_VLR_BY_ID];
@@ -782,7 +777,7 @@ int db_subscr_lu(struct db_context *dbc, int64_t subscr_id,
 		goto out;
 	}

-	stmt = dbc->stmt[is_ps? DB_STMT_SET_LAST_LU_SEEN_PS : DB_STMT_SET_LAST_LU_SEEN];
+	stmt = dbc->stmt[DB_STMT_SET_LAST_LU_SEEN];

 	if (!db_bind_int64(stmt, "$subscriber_id", subscr_id))
 		return -EIO;
@@ -792,6 +787,21 @@ int db_subscr_lu(struct db_context *dbc, int64_t subscr_id,
 		goto out;
 	}

+	for (i = 0; i < rat_types_len; i++) {
+		char *pos = rat_types_str + strnlen(rat_types_str, sizeof(rat_types_str));
+		int len = sizeof(rat_types_str) - (pos - rat_types_str);
+		rc = snprintf(pos, len, "%s%s", pos == rat_types_str ? "" : ",", osmo_rat_type_name(rat_types[i]));
+		if (rc > len) {
+			osmo_strlcpy(rat_types_str + sizeof(rat_types_str) - 4, "...", 4);
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (!db_bind_text(stmt, "$rat", rat_types_str)) {
+		ret = -EIO;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
 	rc = sqlite3_step(stmt);
 	if (rc != SQLITE_DONE) {
 		LOGP(DAUC, LOGL_ERROR,
@@ -921,3 +931,119 @@ int hlr_subscr_nam(struct hlr *hlr, struct hlr_subscriber *subscr, bool nam_val,
 	}
 	return 0;
 }
+
+int db_subscr_set_rat_type_flag(struct db_context *dbc, int64_t subscr_id, enum osmo_rat_type rat, bool allowed)
+{
+	int rc;
+	int ret = 0;
+	sqlite3_stmt *stmt = dbc->stmt[DB_STMT_UPD_RAT_FLAG];
+
+	if (!db_bind_int64(stmt, "$subscriber_id", subscr_id))
+		return -EIO;
+
+	OSMO_ASSERT(rat >= 0 && rat < OSMO_RAT_COUNT);
+	if (!db_bind_text(stmt, "$rat", osmo_rat_type_name(rat)))
+		return -EIO;
+
+	if (!db_bind_int(stmt, "$allowed", allowed ? 1 : 0))
+		return -EIO;
+
+	/* execute the statement */
+	rc = sqlite3_step(stmt);
+	if (rc != SQLITE_DONE) {
+		LOGP(DDB, LOGL_ERROR, "%s %s: SQL error: %s\n",
+		     allowed ? "enable" : "disable", osmo_rat_type_name(rat),
+		     sqlite3_errmsg(dbc->db));
+		ret = -EIO;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	/* verify execution result */
+	rc = sqlite3_changes(dbc->db);
+	if (!rc) {
+		LOGP(DDB, LOGL_ERROR, "Cannot %s %s: no such subscriber: ID=%" PRIu64 "\n",
+		     allowed ? "enable" : "disable", osmo_rat_type_name(rat),
+		     subscr_id);
+		ret = -ENOENT;
+		goto out;
+	} else if (rc != 1) {
+		LOGP(DDB, LOGL_ERROR, "%s %s: SQL modified %d rows (expected 1)\n",
+		     allowed ? "enable" : "disable", osmo_rat_type_name(rat),
+		     rc);
+		ret = -EIO;
+	}
+
+out:
+	db_remove_reset(stmt);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+int db_subscr_get_rat_types(struct db_context *dbc, struct hlr_subscriber *subscr)
+{
+	int rc;
+	int ret = 0;
+	int i;
+	sqlite3_stmt *stmt = dbc->stmt[DB_STMT_RAT_BY_ID];
+
+	if (!db_bind_int64(stmt, "$subscriber_id", subscr->id))
+		return -EIO;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < OSMO_RAT_COUNT; i++)
+		subscr->rat_types[i] = true;
+
+	/* execute the statement */
+	while (1) {
+		enum osmo_rat_type rat;
+		bool allowed;
+
+		rc = sqlite3_step(stmt);
+
+		if (rc == SQLITE_DONE)
+			break;
+		if (rc != SQLITE_ROW)
+			return -rc;
+
+		rc = get_string_value(osmo_rat_type_names, (const char*)sqlite3_column_text(stmt, 0));
+		if (rc == -EINVAL) {
+			ret = -EINVAL;
+			goto out;
+		}
+		if (rc <= 0 || rc >= OSMO_RAT_COUNT) {
+			ret = -EINVAL;
+			goto out;
+		}
+		rat = rc;
+
+		allowed = sqlite3_column_int(stmt, 1);
+
+		subscr->rat_types[rat] = allowed;
+		LOGP(DAUC, LOGL_DEBUG, "db: imsi='%s' %s %s\n",
+		     subscr->imsi, osmo_rat_type_name(rat), allowed ? "allowed" : "forbidden");
+	}
+
+out:
+	db_remove_reset(stmt);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+int hlr_subscr_rat_flag(struct hlr *hlr, struct hlr_subscriber *subscr, enum osmo_rat_type rat, bool allowed)
+{
+	int rc;
+	OSMO_ASSERT(rat >= 0 && rat < OSMO_RAT_COUNT);
+
+	db_subscr_get_rat_types(hlr->dbc, subscr);
+
+	if (subscr->rat_types[rat] == allowed) {
+		LOGHLR(subscr->imsi, LOGL_DEBUG, "Already has the requested value when asked to %s %s\n",
+		       allowed ? "enable" : "disable", osmo_rat_type_name(rat));
+		return -ENOEXEC;
+	}
+
+	rc = db_subscr_set_rat_type_flag(hlr->dbc, subscr->id, rat, allowed);
+	if (rc)
+		return rc > 0? -rc : rc;
+
+	/* FIXME: If we're disabling, send message to VLR to detach subscriber */
+
+	return 0;
+}
--- a/src/gsup_router.c
+++ b/src/gsup_router.c
@@ -23,9 +23,9 @@
 #include <osmocom/core/linuxlist.h>
 #include <osmocom/core/talloc.h>

-#include <osmocom/hlr/logging.h>
-#include <osmocom/hlr/gsup_server.h>
-#include <osmocom/hlr/gsup_router.h>
+#include "logging.h"
+#include "gsup_server.h"
+#include "gsup_router.h"

 /*! Find a route for the given address.
 * \param[in] gs gsup server
--- a/include/osmocom/hlr/gsup_router.h
+++ b/include/osmocom/hlr/gsup_router.h
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 #pragma once

 #include <stdint.h>
-#include <osmocom/hlr/gsup_server.h>
+#include "gsup_server.h"

 struct gsup_route {
 	struct llist_head list;
--- a/src/gsup_send.c
+++ b/src/gsup_send.c
@@ -21,8 +21,8 @@

 #include <errno.h>

-#include <osmocom/hlr/gsup_server.h>
-#include <osmocom/hlr/gsup_router.h>
+#include "gsup_server.h"
+#include "gsup_router.h"

 #include <osmocom/core/logging.h>

--- a/src/gsup_server.c
+++ b/src/gsup_server.c
@@ -27,15 +27,8 @@
 #include <osmocom/gsm/gsm48_ie.h>
 #include <osmocom/gsm/apn.h>

-#include <osmocom/hlr/gsup_server.h>
-#include <osmocom/hlr/gsup_router.h>
-
-struct msgb *osmo_gsup_msgb_alloc(const char *label)
-{
-	struct msgb *msg = msgb_alloc_headroom(1024+16, 16, label);
-	OSMO_ASSERT(msg);
-	return msg;
-}
+#include "gsup_server.h"
+#include "gsup_router.h"

 static void osmo_gsup_server_send(struct osmo_gsup_conn *conn,
 			     int proto_ext, struct msgb *msg_tx)
--- a/include/osmocom/hlr/gsup_server.h
+++ b/include/osmocom/hlr/gsup_server.h
@@ -47,7 +47,6 @@ struct osmo_gsup_conn {
 	bool supports_ps; /* client supports OSMO_GSUP_CN_DOMAIN_PS */
 };

-struct msgb *osmo_gsup_msgb_alloc(const char *label);

 int osmo_gsup_conn_send(struct osmo_gsup_conn *conn, struct msgb *msg);
 int osmo_gsup_conn_ccm_get(const struct osmo_gsup_conn *clnt, uint8_t **addr,
--- a/src/gsupclient/gsup_client.c
+++ b/src/gsupclient/gsup_client.c
@@ -386,8 +386,7 @@ int osmo_gsup_client_enc_send(struct osmo_gsup_client *gsupc,
 	rc = osmo_gsup_client_send(gsupc, gsup_msgb);
 	if (rc) {
 		LOGP(DLGSUP, LOGL_ERROR, "Couldn't send GSUP message\n");
-		/* Do not free, osmo_gsup_client_send() already has. */
-		return rc;
+		goto error;
 	}

 	return 0;
--- a/src/hlr.c
+++ b/src/hlr.c
@@ -37,16 +37,16 @@
 #include <osmocom/gsm/gsm_utils.h>
 #include <osmocom/gsm/protocol/gsm_23_003.h>

-#include <osmocom/hlr/db.h>
-#include <osmocom/hlr/hlr.h>
-#include <osmocom/hlr/ctrl.h>
-#include <osmocom/hlr/logging.h>
-#include <osmocom/hlr/gsup_server.h>
-#include <osmocom/hlr/gsup_router.h>
-#include <osmocom/hlr/rand.h>
-#include <osmocom/hlr/luop.h>
-#include <osmocom/hlr/hlr_vty.h>
-#include <osmocom/hlr/hlr_ussd.h>
+#include "db.h"
+#include "hlr.h"
+#include "ctrl.h"
+#include "logging.h"
+#include "gsup_server.h"
+#include "gsup_router.h"
+#include "rand.h"
+#include "luop.h"
+#include "hlr_vty.h"
+#include "hlr_ussd.h"

 struct hlr *g_hlr;
 static void *hlr_ctx = NULL;
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ osmo_hlr_subscriber_update_notify(struct hlr_subscriber *subscr)
 		}

 		/* Send ISD to MSC/SGSN */
-		msg_out = osmo_gsup_msgb_alloc("GSUP ISD UPDATE");
+		msg_out = msgb_alloc_headroom(1024+16, 16, "GSUP ISD UPDATE");
 		if (msg_out == NULL) {
 			LOGP(DLGSUP, LOGL_ERROR,
 			       "IMSI='%s': Cannot notify GSUP client; could not allocate msg buffer "
@@ -242,7 +242,7 @@ static int rx_send_auth_info(struct osmo_gsup_conn *conn,
 	memset(&gsup_out, 0, sizeof(gsup_out));
 	memcpy(&gsup_out.imsi, &gsup->imsi, sizeof(gsup_out.imsi));

-	if (gsup->current_rat_type == OSMO_RAT_EUTRAN_SGS)
+	if (gsup->rat_types_len >= 1 && gsup->rat_types[0] == OSMO_RAT_EUTRAN_SGS)
 		separation_bit = true;

 	rc = db_get_auc(dbc, gsup->imsi, conn->auc_3g_ind,
@@ -263,7 +263,7 @@ static int rx_send_auth_info(struct osmo_gsup_conn *conn,
 			break;
 		case -ENOENT:
 			LOGP(DAUC, LOGL_NOTICE, "%s: IMSI not known\n", gsup->imsi);
-			gsup_out.cause = GMM_CAUSE_IMSI_UNKNOWN;
+			gsup_out.cause = GMM_CAUSE_ROAMING_NOTALLOWED;
 			break;
 		default:
 			LOGP(DAUC, LOGL_ERROR, "%s: failure to look up IMSI in db\n", gsup->imsi);
@@ -275,7 +275,7 @@ static int rx_send_auth_info(struct osmo_gsup_conn *conn,
 		gsup_out.num_auth_vectors = rc;
 	}

-	msg_out = osmo_gsup_msgb_alloc("GSUP AUC response");
+	msg_out = msgb_alloc_headroom(1024+16, 16, "GSUP AUC response");
 	osmo_gsup_encode(msg_out, &gsup_out);
 	return osmo_gsup_conn_send(conn, msg_out);
 }
@@ -346,6 +346,9 @@ static int rx_upd_loc_req(struct osmo_gsup_conn *conn,
 {
 	struct hlr_subscriber *subscr;
 	struct lu_operation *luop = lu_op_alloc_conn(conn);
+	int i;
+	bool allowed;
+
 	if (!luop) {
 		LOGP(DMAIN, LOGL_ERROR, "LU REQ from conn without addr?\n");
 		return -EINVAL;
@@ -379,7 +382,7 @@ static int rx_upd_loc_req(struct osmo_gsup_conn *conn,
 	if (!lu_op_fill_subscr(luop, g_hlr->dbc, gsup->imsi)) {
 		/* Send Error back: Subscriber Unknown in HLR */
 		osmo_strlcpy(luop->subscr.imsi, gsup->imsi, sizeof(luop->subscr.imsi));
-		lu_op_tx_error(luop, GMM_CAUSE_IMSI_UNKNOWN);
+		lu_op_tx_error(luop, GMM_CAUSE_ROAMING_NOTALLOWED);
 		return 0;
 	}

@@ -393,6 +396,34 @@ static int rx_upd_loc_req(struct osmo_gsup_conn *conn,
 		return 0;
 	}

+	/* Check if any available RAT type is allowed. See 3GPP TS 29.010 3.2 'Routeing area updating' and 3.8 'Location
+	 * update' for the "No Suitable cells in location area" error code. */
+	allowed = false;
+	LOGP(DAUC, LOGL_DEBUG, "LU: IMSI='%s' on %s sent RAT types: %zu\n", subscr->imsi,
+	     gsup->cn_domain == OSMO_GSUP_CN_DOMAIN_CS ? "CS" : "PS", gsup->rat_types_len);
+	for (i = 0; i < gsup->rat_types_len; i++) {
+		enum osmo_rat_type rat = gsup->rat_types[i];
+		if (rat <= 0 || rat >= OSMO_RAT_COUNT) {
+			lu_op_tx_error(luop, GMM_CAUSE_COND_IE_ERR);
+			return 0;
+		}
+		if (luop->subscr.rat_types[rat]) {
+			allowed = true;
+			LOGP(DAUC, LOGL_DEBUG, "LU: IMSI='%s' allowed on %s\n",
+			     subscr->imsi, osmo_rat_type_name(rat));
+		} else {
+			LOGP(DAUC, LOGL_DEBUG, "LU: IMSI='%s' not allowed on %s\n",
+			     subscr->imsi, osmo_rat_type_name(rat));
+		}
+	}
+	if (!allowed && gsup->rat_types_len > 0) {
+		LOGP(DAUC, LOGL_DEBUG, "ISMI='%s' not allowed on %s%s\n",
+		     subscr->imsi, osmo_rat_type_name(gsup->rat_types[0]),
+		     gsup->rat_types_len > 1 ? " (nor on the other available RAT types)" : "");
+		lu_op_tx_error(luop, GMM_CAUSE_NO_SUIT_CELL_IN_LA);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
 	/* TODO: Set subscriber tracing = deactive in VLR/SGSN */

 #if 0
@@ -410,7 +441,8 @@ static int rx_upd_loc_req(struct osmo_gsup_conn *conn,
 	LOGP(DAUC, LOGL_DEBUG, "IMSI='%s': storing %s = %s\n",
 	     subscr->imsi, luop->is_ps ? "SGSN number" : "VLR number",
 	     osmo_quote_str((const char*)luop->peer, -1));
-	if (db_subscr_lu(g_hlr->dbc, subscr->id, (const char *)luop->peer, luop->is_ps))
+	if (db_subscr_lu(g_hlr->dbc, subscr->id, (const char *)luop->peer, luop->is_ps,
+			 gsup->rat_types, gsup->rat_types_len))
 		LOGP(DAUC, LOGL_ERROR, "IMSI='%s': Cannot update %s in the database\n",
 		     subscr->imsi, luop->is_ps ? "SGSN number" : "VLR number");

@@ -455,7 +487,7 @@ static int rx_purge_ms_req(struct osmo_gsup_conn *conn,
 		gsup_reply.cause = GMM_CAUSE_NET_FAIL;
 	}

-	msg_out = osmo_gsup_msgb_alloc("GSUP AUC response");
+	msg_out = msgb_alloc_headroom(1024+16, 16, "GSUP AUC response");
 	osmo_gsup_encode(msg_out, &gsup_reply);
 	return osmo_gsup_conn_send(conn, msg_out);
 }
@@ -470,7 +502,8 @@ static int gsup_send_err_reply(struct osmo_gsup_conn *conn, const char *imsi,
 	OSMO_STRLCPY_ARRAY(gsup_reply.imsi, imsi);
 	gsup_reply.message_type = type_err;
 	gsup_reply.cause = err_cause;
-	msg_out = osmo_gsup_msgb_alloc("GSUP ERR response");
+	msg_out = msgb_alloc_headroom(1024+16, 16, "GSUP ERR response");
+	OSMO_ASSERT(msg_out);
 	osmo_gsup_encode(msg_out, &gsup_reply);
 	LOGP(DMAIN, LOGL_NOTICE, "Tx %s\n", osmo_gsup_message_type_name(type_err));
 	return osmo_gsup_conn_send(conn, msg_out);
@@ -528,7 +561,7 @@ static int rx_check_imei_req(struct osmo_gsup_conn *conn, const struct osmo_gsup
 	/* Accept all IMEIs */
 	gsup_reply.imei_result = OSMO_GSUP_IMEI_RESULT_ACK;
 	gsup_reply.message_type = OSMO_GSUP_MSGT_CHECK_IMEI_RESULT;
-	msg_out = osmo_gsup_msgb_alloc("GSUP Check_IMEI response");
+	msg_out = msgb_alloc_headroom(1024+16, 16, "GSUP Check_IMEI response");
 	memcpy(gsup_reply.imsi, gsup->imsi, sizeof(gsup_reply.imsi));
 	osmo_gsup_encode(msg_out, &gsup_reply);
 	return osmo_gsup_conn_send(conn, msg_out);
@@ -594,7 +627,8 @@ static int read_cb_forward(struct osmo_gsup_conn *conn, struct msgb *msg, const
 end:
 	/* Send error back to source */
 	if (ret) {
-		struct msgb *msg_err = osmo_gsup_msgb_alloc("GSUP forward ERR response");
+		struct msgb *msg_err = msgb_alloc_headroom(1024+16, 16, "GSUP forward ERR response");
+		OSMO_ASSERT(msg_err);
 		gsup_err->message_type = OSMO_GSUP_MSGT_E_ROUTING_ERROR;
 		osmo_gsup_encode(msg_err, gsup_err);
 		LOGP_GSUP_FWD(gsup_err, LOGL_NOTICE, "Tx %s\n", osmo_gsup_message_type_name(gsup_err->message_type));
@@ -708,7 +742,6 @@ static void print_help()
 	printf("  -T --timestamp             Prefix every log line with a timestamp.\n");
 	printf("  -e --log-level number      Set a global loglevel.\n");
 	printf("  -U --db-upgrade            Allow HLR database schema upgrades.\n");
-	printf("  -C --db-check              Quit after opening (and upgrading) the database.\n");
 	printf("  -V --version               Print the version of OsmoHLR.\n");
 }

@@ -717,7 +750,6 @@ static struct {
 	const char *db_file;
 	bool daemonize;
 	bool db_upgrade;
-	bool db_check;
 } cmdline_opts = {
 	.config_file = "osmo-hlr.cfg",
 	.db_file = NULL,
@@ -739,7 +771,6 @@ static void handle_options(int argc, char **argv)
 			{"log-level", 1, 0, 'e'},
 			{"timestamp", 0, 0, 'T'},
 			{"db-upgrade", 0, 0, 'U' },
-			{"db-check", 0, 0, 'C' },
 			{"version", 0, 0, 'V' },
 			{0, 0, 0, 0}
 		};
@@ -778,9 +809,6 @@ static void handle_options(int argc, char **argv)
 		case 'U':
 			cmdline_opts.db_upgrade = true;
 			break;
-		case 'C':
-			cmdline_opts.db_check = true;
-			break;
 		case 'V':
 			print_version(1);
 			exit(0);
@@ -792,11 +820,6 @@ static void handle_options(int argc, char **argv)
 			break;
 		}
 	}
-
-	if (argc > optind) {
-		fprintf(stderr, "Unsupported positional arguments on command line\n");
-		exit(2);
-	}
 }

 static void signal_hdlr(int signal)
@@ -869,6 +892,12 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
 		return rc;
 	}

+	/* start telnet after reading config for vty_get_bind_addr() */
+	rc = telnet_init_dynif(hlr_ctx, NULL, vty_get_bind_addr(),
+			       OSMO_VTY_PORT_HLR);
+	if (rc < 0)
+		return rc;
+
 	LOGP(DMAIN, LOGL_NOTICE, "hlr starting\n");

 	rc = rand_init();
@@ -886,23 +915,6 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
 		exit(1);
 	}

-	if (cmdline_opts.db_check) {
-		LOGP(DMAIN, LOGL_NOTICE, "Cmdline option --db-check: Database was opened successfully, quitting.\n");
-		db_close(g_hlr->dbc);
-		log_fini();
-		talloc_free(hlr_ctx);
-		talloc_free(tall_vty_ctx);
-		talloc_disable_null_tracking();
-		exit(0);
-	}
-
-	/* start telnet after reading config for vty_get_bind_addr() */
-	rc = telnet_init_dynif(hlr_ctx, NULL, vty_get_bind_addr(),
-			       OSMO_VTY_PORT_HLR);
-	if (rc < 0)
-		return rc;
-
-
 	g_hlr->gs = osmo_gsup_server_create(hlr_ctx, g_hlr->gsup_bind_addr, OSMO_GSUP_PORT,
 					    read_cb, &g_lu_ops, g_hlr);
 	if (!g_hlr->gs) {
--- a/include/osmocom/hlr/hlr.h
+++ b/include/osmocom/hlr/hlr.h
--- a/src/hlr_db_tool.c
+++ b/src/hlr_db_tool.c
@@ -29,9 +29,9 @@
 #include <osmocom/core/logging.h>
 #include <osmocom/core/application.h>

-#include <osmocom/hlr/logging.h>
-#include <osmocom/hlr/db.h>
-#include <osmocom/hlr/rand.h>
+#include "logging.h"
+#include "db.h"
+#include "rand.h"

 struct hlr_db_tool_ctx {
 	/* DB context */
--- a/src/hlr_ussd.c
+++ b/src/hlr_ussd.c
@@ -29,12 +29,12 @@
 #include <string.h>
 #include <errno.h>

-#include <osmocom/hlr/hlr.h>
-#include <osmocom/hlr/hlr_ussd.h>
-#include <osmocom/hlr/gsup_server.h>
-#include <osmocom/hlr/gsup_router.h>
-#include <osmocom/hlr/logging.h>
-#include <osmocom/hlr/db.h>
+#include "hlr.h"
+#include "hlr_ussd.h"
+#include "gsup_server.h"
+#include "gsup_router.h"
+#include "logging.h"
+#include "db.h"

 /***********************************************************************
 * core data structures expressing config from VTY
@@ -317,7 +317,7 @@ static int ss_tx_ussd_7bit(struct ss_session *ss, bool final, uint8_t invoke_id,
 * Internal USSD Handlers
 ***********************************************************************/

-#include <osmocom/hlr/db.h>
+#include "db.h"

 static int handle_ussd_own_msisdn(struct osmo_gsup_conn *conn, struct ss_session *ss,
 				  const struct osmo_gsup_message *gsup, const struct ss_request *req)
@@ -355,6 +355,206 @@ static int handle_ussd_own_imsi(struct osmo_gsup_conn *conn, struct ss_session *
 	return 0;
 }

+static int handle_ussd_get_ran(struct osmo_gsup_conn *conn, struct ss_session *ss,
+			       const struct osmo_gsup_message *gsup,
+			       const struct ss_request *req)
+{
+	struct hlr_subscriber subscr;
+	char response[512];
+	int rc;
+	const char *rat;
+
+	rc = db_subscr_get_by_imsi(g_hlr->dbc, ss->imsi, &subscr);
+	switch (rc) {
+	case 0:
+		if (!*subscr.last_lu_rat)
+			rat = "nothing, you don't exist";
+		else if (!strcmp(subscr.last_lu_rat, "GERAN-A"))
+			rat = "2G";
+		else if (!strcmp(subscr.last_lu_rat, "UTRAN-Iu"))
+			rat = "3G";
+		else if (!strcmp(subscr.last_lu_rat, "EUTRAN-SGs"))
+			rat = "4G";
+		else
+			rat = subscr.last_lu_rat;
+
+		snprintf(response, sizeof(response),
+			 "Now on %s. Available:%s%s%s.",
+			 rat,
+			 subscr.rat_types[OSMO_RAT_GERAN_A]? " 2G" : "",
+			 subscr.rat_types[OSMO_RAT_UTRAN_IU]? " 3G" : "",
+			 subscr.rat_types[OSMO_RAT_EUTRAN_SGS]? " 4G" : "");
+
+		rc = ss_tx_ussd_7bit(ss, true, req->invoke_id, response);
+		break;
+	case -ENOENT:
+		rc = ss_tx_error(ss, true, GSM0480_ERR_CODE_UNKNOWN_SUBSCRIBER);
+		break;
+	case -EIO:
+	default:
+		rc = ss_tx_error(ss, true, GSM0480_ERR_CODE_SYSTEM_FAILURE);
+		break;
+	}
+
+	return rc;
+}
+
+static int handle_ussd_gsm_on(struct osmo_gsup_conn *conn, struct ss_session *ss,
+			      const struct osmo_gsup_message *gsup,
+			      const struct ss_request *req)
+{
+	struct hlr_subscriber subscr;
+	int rc;
+
+	rc = db_subscr_get_by_imsi(g_hlr->dbc, ss->imsi, &subscr);
+	switch (rc) {
+	case 0:
+		hlr_subscr_rat_flag(g_hlr, &subscr, OSMO_RAT_GERAN_A, true);
+		rc = ss_tx_ussd_7bit(ss, true, req->invoke_id,
+			"Enabled GERAN-A (2G)");
+		break;
+	case -ENOENT:
+		rc = ss_tx_error(ss, true, GSM0480_ERR_CODE_UNKNOWN_SUBSCRIBER);
+		break;
+	case -EIO:
+	default:
+		rc = ss_tx_error(ss, true, GSM0480_ERR_CODE_SYSTEM_FAILURE);
+		break;
+	}
+
+	return rc;
+}
+
+static int handle_ussd_gsm_off(struct osmo_gsup_conn *conn, struct ss_session *ss,
+			       const struct osmo_gsup_message *gsup,
+			       const struct ss_request *req)
+{
+	struct hlr_subscriber subscr;
+	int rc;
+
+	rc = db_subscr_get_by_imsi(g_hlr->dbc, ss->imsi, &subscr);
+	switch (rc) {
+	case 0:
+		hlr_subscr_rat_flag(g_hlr, &subscr, OSMO_RAT_GERAN_A, false);
+		rc = ss_tx_ussd_7bit(ss, true, req->invoke_id,
+			"Disabled GERAN-A (2G)");
+		break;
+	case -ENOENT:
+		rc = ss_tx_error(ss, true, GSM0480_ERR_CODE_UNKNOWN_SUBSCRIBER);
+		break;
+	case -EIO:
+	default:
+		rc = ss_tx_error(ss, true, GSM0480_ERR_CODE_SYSTEM_FAILURE);
+		break;
+	}
+
+	return rc;
+}
+
+static int handle_ussd_umts_on(struct osmo_gsup_conn *conn, struct ss_session *ss,
+			       const struct osmo_gsup_message *gsup,
+			       const struct ss_request *req)
+{
+	struct hlr_subscriber subscr;
+	int rc;
+
+	rc = db_subscr_get_by_imsi(g_hlr->dbc, ss->imsi, &subscr);
+	switch (rc) {
+	case 0:
+		hlr_subscr_rat_flag(g_hlr, &subscr, OSMO_RAT_UTRAN_IU, true);
+		rc = ss_tx_ussd_7bit(ss, true, req->invoke_id,
+			"Enabled UTRAN-Iu (3G)");
+		break;
+	case -ENOENT:
+		rc = ss_tx_error(ss, true, GSM0480_ERR_CODE_UNKNOWN_SUBSCRIBER);
+		break;
+	case -EIO:
+	default:
+		rc = ss_tx_error(ss, true, GSM0480_ERR_CODE_SYSTEM_FAILURE);
+		break;
+	}
+
+	return rc;
+}
+
+static int handle_ussd_umts_off(struct osmo_gsup_conn *conn, struct ss_session *ss,
+				const struct osmo_gsup_message *gsup,
+				const struct ss_request *req)
+{
+	struct hlr_subscriber subscr;
+	int rc;
+
+	rc = db_subscr_get_by_imsi(g_hlr->dbc, ss->imsi, &subscr);
+	switch (rc) {
+	case 0:
+		hlr_subscr_rat_flag(g_hlr, &subscr, OSMO_RAT_UTRAN_IU, false);
+		rc = ss_tx_ussd_7bit(ss, true, req->invoke_id,
+			"Disabled UTRAN-Iu (3G)");
+		break;
+	case -ENOENT:
+		rc = ss_tx_error(ss, true, GSM0480_ERR_CODE_UNKNOWN_SUBSCRIBER);
+		break;
+	case -EIO:
+	default:
+		rc = ss_tx_error(ss, true, GSM0480_ERR_CODE_SYSTEM_FAILURE);
+		break;
+	}
+
+	return rc;
+}
+
+static int handle_ussd_lte_on(struct osmo_gsup_conn *conn, struct ss_session *ss,
+			       const struct osmo_gsup_message *gsup,
+			       const struct ss_request *req)
+{
+	struct hlr_subscriber subscr;
+	int rc;
+
+	rc = db_subscr_get_by_imsi(g_hlr->dbc, ss->imsi, &subscr);
+	switch (rc) {
+	case 0:
+		hlr_subscr_rat_flag(g_hlr, &subscr, OSMO_RAT_EUTRAN_SGS, true);
+		rc = ss_tx_ussd_7bit(ss, true, req->invoke_id,
+			"Enabled EUTRAN-SGs (4G)");
+		break;
+	case -ENOENT:
+		rc = ss_tx_error(ss, true, GSM0480_ERR_CODE_UNKNOWN_SUBSCRIBER);
+		break;
+	case -EIO:
+	default:
+		rc = ss_tx_error(ss, true, GSM0480_ERR_CODE_SYSTEM_FAILURE);
+		break;
+	}
+
+	return rc;
+}
+
+static int handle_ussd_lte_off(struct osmo_gsup_conn *conn, struct ss_session *ss,
+				const struct osmo_gsup_message *gsup,
+				const struct ss_request *req)
+{
+	struct hlr_subscriber subscr;
+	int rc;
+
+	rc = db_subscr_get_by_imsi(g_hlr->dbc, ss->imsi, &subscr);
+	switch (rc) {
+	case 0:
+		hlr_subscr_rat_flag(g_hlr, &subscr, OSMO_RAT_EUTRAN_SGS, false);
+		rc = ss_tx_ussd_7bit(ss, true, req->invoke_id,
+			"Disabled EUTRAN-SGs (4G)");
+		break;
+	case -ENOENT:
+		rc = ss_tx_error(ss, true, GSM0480_ERR_CODE_UNKNOWN_SUBSCRIBER);
+		break;
+	case -EIO:
+	default:
+		rc = ss_tx_error(ss, true, GSM0480_ERR_CODE_SYSTEM_FAILURE);
+		break;
+	}
+
+	return rc;
+}
+

 static const struct hlr_iuse hlr_iuses[] = {
 	{
@@ -365,6 +565,34 @@ static const struct hlr_iuse hlr_iuses[] = {
 		.name = "own-imsi",
 		.handle_ussd = handle_ussd_own_imsi,
 	},
+	{
+		.name = "get-ran",
+		.handle_ussd = handle_ussd_get_ran,
+	},
+	{
+		.name = "gsm-on",
+		.handle_ussd = handle_ussd_gsm_on,
+	},
+	{
+		.name = "gsm-off",
+		.handle_ussd = handle_ussd_gsm_off,
+	},
+	{
+		.name = "umts-on",
+		.handle_ussd = handle_ussd_umts_on,
+	},
+	{
+		.name = "umts-off",
+		.handle_ussd = handle_ussd_umts_off,
+	},
+	{
+		.name = "lte-on",
+		.handle_ussd = handle_ussd_lte_on,
+	},
+	{
+		.name = "lte-off",
+		.handle_ussd = handle_ussd_lte_off,
+	},
 };

 const struct hlr_iuse *iuse_find(const char *name)
@@ -464,7 +692,8 @@ static int handle_ussd(struct osmo_gsup_conn *conn, struct ss_session *ss,
 	}

 	if (is_euse_originated) {
-		msg_out = osmo_gsup_msgb_alloc("GSUP USSD FW");
+		msg_out = msgb_alloc_headroom(1024+16, 16, "GSUP USSD FW");
+		OSMO_ASSERT(msg_out);
 		/* Received from EUSE, Forward to VLR */
 		osmo_gsup_encode(msg_out, gsup);
 		ss_gsup_send(ss, conn->server, msg_out);
@@ -480,7 +709,8 @@ static int handle_ussd(struct osmo_gsup_conn *conn, struct ss_session *ss,
 				LOGPSS(ss, LOGL_ERROR, "Cannot find conn for EUSE %s\n", addr);
 				ss_tx_error(ss, req->invoke_id, GSM0480_ERR_CODE_SYSTEM_FAILURE);
 			} else {
-				msg_out = osmo_gsup_msgb_alloc("GSUP USSD FW");
+				msg_out = msgb_alloc_headroom(1024+16, 16, "GSUP USSD FW");
+				OSMO_ASSERT(msg_out);
 				osmo_gsup_encode(msg_out, gsup);
 				osmo_gsup_conn_send(conn, msg_out);
 			}
--- a/include/osmocom/hlr/hlr_ussd.h
+++ b/include/osmocom/hlr/hlr_ussd.h
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 #include <osmocom/core/linuxlist.h>
 #include <osmocom/gsm/gsup.h>

-#include <osmocom/hlr/gsup_server.h>
+#include "gsup_server.h"

 #define NCSS_GUARD_TIMEOUT_DEFAULT 30

--- a/src/hlr_vty.c
+++ b/src/hlr_vty.c
@@ -33,12 +33,12 @@
 #include <osmocom/vty/misc.h>
 #include <osmocom/abis/ipa.h>

-#include <osmocom/hlr/db.h>
-#include <osmocom/hlr/hlr.h>
-#include <osmocom/hlr/hlr_vty.h>
-#include <osmocom/hlr/hlr_vty_subscr.h>
-#include <osmocom/hlr/hlr_ussd.h>
-#include <osmocom/hlr/gsup_server.h>
+#include "db.h"
+#include "hlr.h"
+#include "hlr_vty.h"
+#include "hlr_vty_subscr.h"
+#include "hlr_ussd.h"
+#include "gsup_server.h"

 struct cmd_node hlr_node = {
 	HLR_NODE,
@@ -150,16 +150,23 @@ DEFUN(cfg_hlr_gsup_bind_ip,
 * USSD Entity
 ***********************************************************************/

-#include <osmocom/hlr/hlr_ussd.h>
+#include "hlr_ussd.h"

 #define USSD_STR "USSD Configuration\n"
 #define UROUTE_STR "Routing Configuration\n"
 #define PREFIX_STR "Prefix-Matching Route\n" "USSD Prefix\n"

-#define INT_CHOICE "(own-msisdn|own-imsi)"
+#define INT_CHOICE "(own-msisdn|own-imsi|get-ran|gsm-on|gsm-off|umts-on|umts-off|lte-on|lte-off)"
 #define INT_STR "Internal USSD Handler\n" \
 		"Respond with subscribers' own MSISDN\n" \
-		"Respond with subscribers' own IMSI\n"
+		"Respond with subscribers' own IMSI\n" \
+		"Respond with available RAN types\n" \
+		"Enable GSM service\n" \
+		"Disable GSM service\n" \
+		"Enable UMTS service\n" \
+		"Disable UMTS service\n" \
+		"Enable LTE service\n" \
+		"Disable LTE service\n"

 #define EXT_STR "External USSD Handler\n" \
 		"Name of External USSD Handler (IPA CCM ID)\n"
--- a/include/osmocom/hlr/hlr_vty.h
+++ b/include/osmocom/hlr/hlr_vty.h
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@
 #include <osmocom/core/logging.h>
 #include <osmocom/vty/vty.h>
 #include <osmocom/vty/command.h>
-#include <osmocom/hlr/hlr.h>
+#include "hlr.h"

 enum hlr_vty_node {
 	HLR_NODE = _LAST_OSMOVTY_NODE + 1,
--- a/src/hlr_vty_subscr.c
+++ b/src/hlr_vty_subscr.c
@@ -27,38 +27,30 @@
 #include <osmocom/vty/vty.h>
 #include <osmocom/vty/command.h>
 #include <osmocom/core/utils.h>
+#include <osmocom/gsm/gsm_utils.h>

-#include <osmocom/hlr/hlr.h>
-#include <osmocom/hlr/db.h>
+#include "hlr.h"
+#include "db.h"

 struct vty;

 #define hexdump_buf(buf) osmo_hexdump_nospc((void*)buf, sizeof(buf))

-static char *
-get_datestr(const time_t *t, char *datebuf)
+static char *get_datestr(const time_t *t)
 {
-	char *p, *s = ctime_r(t, datebuf);
+	static char buf[32];
+	struct tm tm;

-	/* Strip trailing newline. */
-	p = strchr(s, '\n');
-	if (p)
-		*p = '\0';
-	return s;
-}
+	tm = *gmtime(t);

-static void dump_last_lu_seen(struct vty *vty, const char *domain_label, time_t last_lu_seen)
-{
-	char datebuf[26]; /* for ctime_r(3) */
-	if (!last_lu_seen)
-		return;
-	vty_out(vty, "    last LU seen on %s: %s UTC%s", domain_label, get_datestr(&last_lu_seen, datebuf),
-		VTY_NEWLINE);
+	strftime(buf, sizeof(buf), "%FT%T+00:00", &tm);
+	return buf;
 }

 static void subscr_dump_full_vty(struct vty *vty, struct hlr_subscriber *subscr)
 {
 	int rc;
+	int i;
 	struct osmo_sub_auth_data aud2g;
 	struct osmo_sub_auth_data aud3g;

@@ -95,8 +87,16 @@ static void subscr_dump_full_vty(struct vty *vty, struct hlr_subscriber *subscr)
 		vty_out(vty, "    PS disabled%s", VTY_NEWLINE);
 	if (subscr->ms_purged_ps)
 		vty_out(vty, "    PS purged%s", VTY_NEWLINE);
-	dump_last_lu_seen(vty, "CS", subscr->last_lu_seen);
-	dump_last_lu_seen(vty, "PS", subscr->last_lu_seen_ps);
+	if (subscr->last_lu_seen)
+		vty_out(vty, "    last LU seen: %s%s", get_datestr(&subscr->last_lu_seen), VTY_NEWLINE);
+	if (subscr->last_lu_rat[0])
+		vty_out(vty, "    last LU RAT: %s%s", subscr->last_lu_rat, VTY_NEWLINE);
+	for (i = OSMO_RAT_UNKNOWN + 1; i < ARRAY_SIZE(subscr->rat_types); i++) {
+		vty_out(vty, "    %s: %s%s", osmo_rat_type_name(i), subscr->rat_types[i] ? "allowed" : "forbidden",
+			VTY_NEWLINE);
+	}
+	if (subscr->ms_purged_cs)
+		vty_out(vty, "    CS purged%s", VTY_NEWLINE);

 	if (!*subscr->imsi)
 		return;
@@ -613,6 +613,48 @@ DEFUN(subscriber_nam,
 }


+DEFUN(subscriber_rat,
+      subscriber_rat_cmd,
+      SUBSCR_UPDATE "rat (geran-a|utran-iu|eutran-sgs) (allowed|forbidden)",
+      SUBSCR_UPDATE_HELP
+      "Allow or forbid specific Radio Access Types\n"
+      "Set access to GERAN-A\n"
+      "Set access to UTRAN-Iu\n"
+      "Set access to EUTRAN-SGs\n"
+      "Allow access\n"
+      "Forbid access\n")
+{
+	struct hlr_subscriber subscr;
+	const char *id_type = argv[0];
+	const char *id = argv[1];
+	const char *rat_str = argv[2];
+	const char *allowed_forbidden = argv[3];
+	enum osmo_rat_type rat = OSMO_RAT_UNKNOWN;
+	bool allowed;
+	int rc;
+
+	if (strcmp(rat_str, "geran-a") == 0)
+		rat = OSMO_RAT_GERAN_A;
+	else if (strcmp(rat_str, "utran-iu") == 0)
+		rat = OSMO_RAT_UTRAN_IU;
+	else if (strcmp(rat_str, "eutran-sgs") == 0)
+		rat = OSMO_RAT_EUTRAN_SGS;
+
+	allowed = (strcmp(allowed_forbidden, "allowed") == 0);
+
+	if (get_subscr_by_argv(vty, id_type, id, &subscr))
+		return CMD_WARNING;
+
+	rc = hlr_subscr_rat_flag(g_hlr, &subscr, rat, allowed);
+
+	if (rc && rc != -ENOEXEC) {
+		vty_out(vty, "%% Error: cannot set %s to %s%s",
+			osmo_rat_type_name(rat), allowed ? "allowed" : "forbidden", VTY_NEWLINE);
+		return CMD_WARNING;
+	}
+	return CMD_SUCCESS;
+}
+
 void hlr_vty_subscriber_init(void)
 {
 	install_element_ve(&subscriber_show_cmd);
@@ -626,4 +668,5 @@ void hlr_vty_subscriber_init(void)
 	install_element(ENABLE_NODE, &subscriber_aud3g_cmd);
 	install_element(ENABLE_NODE, &subscriber_imei_cmd);
 	install_element(ENABLE_NODE, &subscriber_nam_cmd);
+	install_element(ENABLE_NODE, &subscriber_rat_cmd);
 }
--- a/include/osmocom/hlr/hlr_vty_subscr.h
+++ b/include/osmocom/hlr/hlr_vty_subscr.h
--- a/src/logging.c
+++ b/src/logging.c
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 #include <osmocom/core/utils.h>
-#include <osmocom/hlr/logging.h>
+#include "logging.h"

 const struct log_info_cat hlr_log_info_cat[] = {
 	[DMAIN] = {
--- a/include/osmocom/hlr/logging.h
+++ b/include/osmocom/hlr/logging.h
--- a/src/luop.c
+++ b/src/luop.c
@@ -28,10 +28,10 @@
 #include <osmocom/gsm/gsup.h>
 #include <osmocom/gsm/apn.h>

-#include <osmocom/hlr/gsup_server.h>
-#include <osmocom/hlr/gsup_router.h>
-#include <osmocom/hlr/logging.h>
-#include <osmocom/hlr/luop.h>
+#include "gsup_server.h"
+#include "gsup_router.h"
+#include "logging.h"
+#include "luop.h"

 const struct value_string lu_state_names[] = {
 	{ LU_S_NULL,			"NULL" },
@@ -50,7 +50,8 @@ static void _luop_tx_gsup(struct lu_operation *luop,
 {
 	struct msgb *msg_out;

-	msg_out = osmo_gsup_msgb_alloc("GSUP LUOP");
+	msg_out = msgb_alloc_headroom(1024+16, 16, "GSUP LUOP");
+	OSMO_ASSERT(msg_out);
 	osmo_gsup_encode(msg_out, gsup);

 	osmo_gsup_addr_send(luop->gsup_server, luop->peer,
--- a/include/osmocom/hlr/luop.h
+++ b/include/osmocom/hlr/luop.h
@@ -27,8 +27,8 @@
 #include <osmocom/core/timer.h>
 #include <osmocom/gsm/gsup.h>

-#include <osmocom/hlr/db.h>
-#include <osmocom/hlr/gsup_server.h>
+#include "db.h"
+#include "gsup_server.h"

 #define CANCEL_TIMEOUT_SECS	30
 #define ISD_TIMEOUT_SECS	30
@@ -54,6 +54,9 @@ struct lu_operation {
 	enum lu_state state;
 	/*! CS (false) or PS (true) Location Update? */
 	bool is_ps;
+	/*! RAT type indicator: coming in on GERAN-A? UTRAN-Iu? E-UTRAN?*/
+	enum osmo_rat_type via_rat;
+
 	/*! currently running timer */
 	struct osmo_timer_list timer;

--- a/src/osmo-euse-demo.c
+++ b/src/osmo-euse-demo.c
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@

 #include <osmocom/gsupclient/gsup_client.h>

-#include <osmocom/hlr/logging.h>
+#include "logging.h"

 static struct osmo_gsup_client *g_gc;

--- a/include/osmocom/hlr/rand.h
+++ b/include/osmocom/hlr/rand.h
--- a/tests/Makefile.am
+++ b/tests/Makefile.am
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ SUBDIRS = \
 	auc \
 	gsup_server \
 	db \
-	db_upgrade \
+	gsup \
 	$(NULL)

 # The `:;' works around a Bash 3.2 bug when the output is not writeable.
@@ -44,14 +44,12 @@ python-tests:
 # don't run vty and ctrl tests concurrently so that the ports don't conflict
 	$(MAKE) vty-test
 	$(MAKE) ctrl-test
-	$(MAKE) db-upgrade-equivalence-test
 else
 python-tests:
 	echo "Not running python-based external tests (determined at configure-time)"
 endif

 VTY_TEST_DB = hlr_vty_test.db
-VTY_TEST ?= *.vty

 # To update the VTY script from current application behavior,
 # pass -u to vty_script_runner.py by doing:
@@ -63,8 +61,9 @@ vty-test:
 	osmo_verify_transcript_vty.py -v \
 		-n OsmoHLR -p 4258 \
 		-r "$(top_builddir)/src/osmo-hlr -c $(top_srcdir)/doc/examples/osmo-hlr.cfg -l $(VTY_TEST_DB)" \
-		$(U) $(srcdir)/$(VTY_TEST)
-	-rm -f $(VTY_TEST_DB) $(VTY_TEST_DB)-*
+		$(U) $(srcdir)/*.vty
+	-rm -f $(VTY_TEST_DB)
+	-rm $(VTY_TEST_DB)-*

 CTRL_TEST_DB = hlr_ctrl_test.db

@@ -82,9 +81,6 @@ ctrl-test:
 	-rm -f $(CTRL_TEST_DB)
 	-rm $(CTRL_TEST_DB)-*

-db-upgrade-equivalence-test:
-	$(MAKE) -C db_upgrade upgrade-equivalence-test
-
 check-local: atconfig $(TESTSUITE)
 	$(SHELL) '$(TESTSUITE)' $(TESTSUITEFLAGS)
 	$(MAKE) $(AM_MAKEFLAGS) python-tests
--- a/tests/auc/Makefile.am
+++ b/tests/auc/Makefile.am
@@ -2,12 +2,12 @@ SUBDIRS = gen_ts_55_205_test_sets

 AM_CPPFLAGS = \
 	$(all_includes) \
+	-I$(top_srcdir)/src \
 	$(NULL)

 AM_CFLAGS = \
 	-Wall \
 	-ggdb3 \
-	-I$(top_srcdir)/include \
 	$(LIBOSMOCORE_CFLAGS) \
 	$(LIBOSMOGSM_CFLAGS) \
 	$(NULL)
--- a/tests/auc/auc_test.c
+++ b/tests/auc/auc_test.c
@@ -29,8 +29,8 @@

 #include <osmocom/crypt/auth.h>

-#include <osmocom/hlr/logging.h>
-#include <osmocom/hlr/auc.h>
+#include "logging.h"
+#include "auc.h"

 #define comment_start() fprintf(stderr, "\n===== %s\n", __func__);
 #define comment_end() fprintf(stderr, "===== %s: SUCCESS\n\n", __func__);
--- a/tests/auc/gen_ts_55_205_test_sets/main_template.c
+++ b/tests/auc/gen_ts_55_205_test_sets/main_template.c
@@ -33,8 +33,8 @@

 #include <osmocom/crypt/auth.h>

-#include <osmocom/hlr/logging.h>
-#include <osmocom/hlr/auc.h>
+#include "logging.h"
+#include "auc.h"

 #define comment_start() fprintf(stderr, "\n===== %s\n", __func__);
 #define comment_end() fprintf(stderr, "===== %s: SUCCESS\n\n", __func__);
--- a/tests/auc/gen_ts_55_205_test_sets/pdftxt_2_c.py
+++ b/tests/auc/gen_ts_55_205_test_sets/pdftxt_2_c.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env python3
+#!/usr/bin/env python
+# FIXME: use python3 once buildslaves are updated.
 # Convert test sets pasted from 3GPP TS 55.205 to C code.
 
 # (C) 2016 by sysmocom s.f.m.c. GmbH <info@sysmocom.de>
--- a/tests/db/Makefile.am
+++ b/tests/db/Makefile.am
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 AM_CFLAGS = \
 	$(all_includes) \
-	-I$(top_srcdir)/include \
-	-I$(top_builddir)/include \
+	-I$(top_srcdir)/src \
+	-I$(top_builddir)/src \
 	-Wall \
 	-ggdb3 \
 	$(LIBOSMOCORE_CFLAGS) \
--- a/tests/db/db_test.c
+++ b/tests/db/db_test.c
@@ -27,8 +27,8 @@
 #include <osmocom/core/utils.h>
 #include <osmocom/core/logging.h>

-#include <osmocom/hlr/db.h>
-#include <osmocom/hlr/logging.h>
+#include "db.h"
+#include "logging.h"

 #define comment_start() fprintf(stderr, "\n===== %s\n", __func__);
 #define comment(fmt, args...) fprintf(stderr, "\n--- " fmt "\n\n", ## args);
@@ -170,6 +170,7 @@ void dump_subscr(struct hlr_subscriber *subscr)
 		Pfo(lmsi, "0x%x", subscr);
 	Pb(true, ms_purged_cs);
 	Pb(true, ms_purged_ps);
+	Ps(last_lu_rat);
 	fprintf(stderr, "}\n");
 #undef Ps
 #undef Pd
@@ -234,6 +235,7 @@ static const char *imsi1 = "123456789000001";
 static const char *imsi2 = "123456789000002";
 static const char *short_imsi = "123456";
 static const char *unknown_imsi = "999999999";
+static const enum osmo_rat_type rat_types[2] = { OSMO_RAT_GERAN_A, OSMO_RAT_UTRAN_IU, };

 static void test_subscr_create_update_sel_delete()
 {
@@ -386,39 +388,44 @@ static void test_subscr_create_update_sel_delete()

 	comment("Record LU for PS and CS (SGSN and VLR names)");

-	ASSERT_RC(db_subscr_lu(dbc, id0, "5952", true), 0);
+	ASSERT_RC(db_subscr_lu(dbc, id0, "5952", true, NULL, 0), 0);
 	ASSERT_SEL(id, id0, 0);
-	ASSERT_RC(db_subscr_lu(dbc, id0, "712", false), 0);
+	ASSERT_RC(db_subscr_lu(dbc, id0, "712", false, NULL, 0), 0);
 	ASSERT_SEL(id, id0, 0);

 	comment("Record LU for PS and CS (SGSN and VLR names) *again*");

-	ASSERT_RC(db_subscr_lu(dbc, id0, "111", true), 0);
+	ASSERT_RC(db_subscr_lu(dbc, id0, "111", true, NULL, 0), 0);
 	ASSERT_SEL(id, id0, 0);
-	ASSERT_RC(db_subscr_lu(dbc, id0, "111", true), 0);
+	ASSERT_RC(db_subscr_lu(dbc, id0, "111", true, NULL, 0), 0);
 	ASSERT_SEL(id, id0, 0);
-	ASSERT_RC(db_subscr_lu(dbc, id0, "222", false), 0);
+	ASSERT_RC(db_subscr_lu(dbc, id0, "222", false, NULL, 0), 0);
 	ASSERT_SEL(id, id0, 0);
-	ASSERT_RC(db_subscr_lu(dbc, id0, "222", false), 0);
+	ASSERT_RC(db_subscr_lu(dbc, id0, "222", false, NULL, 0), 0);
+	ASSERT_SEL(id, id0, 0);
+
+	ASSERT_RC(db_subscr_lu(dbc, id0, "333", false, rat_types, 1), 0);
+	ASSERT_SEL(id, id0, 0);
+	ASSERT_RC(db_subscr_lu(dbc, id0, "333", false, rat_types, 1), 0);
 	ASSERT_SEL(id, id0, 0);

 	comment("Unset LU info for PS and CS (SGSN and VLR names)");
-	ASSERT_RC(db_subscr_lu(dbc, id0, "", true), 0);
+	ASSERT_RC(db_subscr_lu(dbc, id0, "", true, NULL, 0), 0);
 	ASSERT_SEL(id, id0, 0);
-	ASSERT_RC(db_subscr_lu(dbc, id0, "", false), 0);
+	ASSERT_RC(db_subscr_lu(dbc, id0, "", false, NULL, 0), 0);
 	ASSERT_SEL(id, id0, 0);

-	ASSERT_RC(db_subscr_lu(dbc, id0, "111", true), 0);
-	ASSERT_RC(db_subscr_lu(dbc, id0, "222", false), 0);
+	ASSERT_RC(db_subscr_lu(dbc, id0, "111", true, NULL, 0), 0);
+	ASSERT_RC(db_subscr_lu(dbc, id0, "222", false, NULL, 0), 0);
 	ASSERT_SEL(id, id0, 0);
-	ASSERT_RC(db_subscr_lu(dbc, id0, NULL, true), 0);
+	ASSERT_RC(db_subscr_lu(dbc, id0, NULL, true, NULL, 0), 0);
 	ASSERT_SEL(id, id0, 0);
-	ASSERT_RC(db_subscr_lu(dbc, id0, NULL, false), 0);
+	ASSERT_RC(db_subscr_lu(dbc, id0, NULL, false, NULL, 0), 0);
 	ASSERT_SEL(id, id0, 0);

 	comment("Record LU for non-existent ID");
-	ASSERT_RC(db_subscr_lu(dbc, 99999, "5952", true), -ENOENT);
-	ASSERT_RC(db_subscr_lu(dbc, 99999, "712", false), -ENOENT);
+	ASSERT_RC(db_subscr_lu(dbc, 99999, "5952", true, NULL, 0), -ENOENT);
+	ASSERT_RC(db_subscr_lu(dbc, 99999, "712", false, NULL, 0), -ENOENT);
 	ASSERT_SEL(id, 99999, -ENOENT);

 	comment("Purge and un-purge PS and CS");
--- a/tests/db/db_test.err
+++ b/tests/db/db_test.err
@@ -435,7 +435,7 @@ DAUC Cannot disable CS: no such subscriber: IMSI='foobar'

 --- Record LU for PS and CS (SGSN and VLR names)

-db_subscr_lu(dbc, id0, "5952", true) --> 0
+db_subscr_lu(dbc, id0, "5952", true, NULL, 0) --> 0

 db_subscr_get_by_id(dbc, id0, &g_subscr) --> 0
 struct hlr_subscriber {
@@ -445,7 +445,7 @@ struct hlr_subscriber {
  .sgsn_number = '5952',
 }

-db_subscr_lu(dbc, id0, "712", false) --> 0
+db_subscr_lu(dbc, id0, "712", false, NULL, 0) --> 0

 db_subscr_get_by_id(dbc, id0, &g_subscr) --> 0
 struct hlr_subscriber {
@@ -459,7 +459,7 @@ struct hlr_subscriber {

 --- Record LU for PS and CS (SGSN and VLR names) *again*

-db_subscr_lu(dbc, id0, "111", true) --> 0
+db_subscr_lu(dbc, id0, "111", true, NULL, 0) --> 0

 db_subscr_get_by_id(dbc, id0, &g_subscr) --> 0
 struct hlr_subscriber {
@@ -470,7 +470,7 @@ struct hlr_subscriber {
  .sgsn_number = '111',
 }

-db_subscr_lu(dbc, id0, "111", true) --> 0
+db_subscr_lu(dbc, id0, "111", true, NULL, 0) --> 0

 db_subscr_get_by_id(dbc, id0, &g_subscr) --> 0
 struct hlr_subscriber {
@@ -481,7 +481,7 @@ struct hlr_subscriber {
  .sgsn_number = '111',
 }

-db_subscr_lu(dbc, id0, "222", false) --> 0
+db_subscr_lu(dbc, id0, "222", false, NULL, 0) --> 0

 db_subscr_get_by_id(dbc, id0, &g_subscr) --> 0
 struct hlr_subscriber {
@@ -492,7 +492,7 @@ struct hlr_subscriber {
  .sgsn_number = '111',
 }

-db_subscr_lu(dbc, id0, "222", false) --> 0
+db_subscr_lu(dbc, id0, "222", false, NULL, 0) --> 0

 db_subscr_get_by_id(dbc, id0, &g_subscr) --> 0
 struct hlr_subscriber {
@@ -503,20 +503,44 @@ struct hlr_subscriber {
  .sgsn_number = '111',
 }

+db_subscr_lu(dbc, id0, "333", false, rat_types, 1) --> 0
+
+db_subscr_get_by_id(dbc, id0, &g_subscr) --> 0
+struct hlr_subscriber {
+  .id = 1,
+  .imsi = '123456789000000',
+  .msisdn = '543210123456789',
+  .vlr_number = '333',
+  .sgsn_number = '111',
+  .last_lu_rat = 'GERAN-A',
+}
+
+db_subscr_lu(dbc, id0, "333", false, rat_types, 1) --> 0
+
+db_subscr_get_by_id(dbc, id0, &g_subscr) --> 0
+struct hlr_subscriber {
+  .id = 1,
+  .imsi = '123456789000000',
+  .msisdn = '543210123456789',
+  .vlr_number = '333',
+  .sgsn_number = '111',
+  .last_lu_rat = 'GERAN-A',
+}
+

 --- Unset LU info for PS and CS (SGSN and VLR names)

-db_subscr_lu(dbc, id0, "", true) --> 0
+db_subscr_lu(dbc, id0, "", true, NULL, 0) --> 0

 db_subscr_get_by_id(dbc, id0, &g_subscr) --> 0
 struct hlr_subscriber {
  .id = 1,
  .imsi = '123456789000000',
  .msisdn = '543210123456789',
-  .vlr_number = '222',
+  .vlr_number = '333',
 }

-db_subscr_lu(dbc, id0, "", false) --> 0
+db_subscr_lu(dbc, id0, "", false, NULL, 0) --> 0

 db_subscr_get_by_id(dbc, id0, &g_subscr) --> 0
 struct hlr_subscriber {
@@ -525,9 +549,9 @@ struct hlr_subscriber {
  .msisdn = '543210123456789',
 }

-db_subscr_lu(dbc, id0, "111", true) --> 0
+db_subscr_lu(dbc, id0, "111", true, NULL, 0) --> 0

-db_subscr_lu(dbc, id0, "222", false) --> 0
+db_subscr_lu(dbc, id0, "222", false, NULL, 0) --> 0

 db_subscr_get_by_id(dbc, id0, &g_subscr) --> 0
 struct hlr_subscriber {
@@ -538,7 +562,7 @@ struct hlr_subscriber {
  .sgsn_number = '111',
 }

-db_subscr_lu(dbc, id0, NULL, true) --> 0
+db_subscr_lu(dbc, id0, NULL, true, NULL, 0) --> 0

 db_subscr_get_by_id(dbc, id0, &g_subscr) --> 0
 struct hlr_subscriber {
@@ -548,7 +572,7 @@ struct hlr_subscriber {
  .vlr_number = '222',
 }

-db_subscr_lu(dbc, id0, NULL, false) --> 0
+db_subscr_lu(dbc, id0, NULL, false, NULL, 0) --> 0

 db_subscr_get_by_id(dbc, id0, &g_subscr) --> 0
 struct hlr_subscriber {
@@ -560,10 +584,10 @@ struct hlr_subscriber {

 --- Record LU for non-existent ID

-db_subscr_lu(dbc, 99999, "5952", true) --> -ENOENT
+db_subscr_lu(dbc, 99999, "5952", true, NULL, 0) --> -ENOENT
 DAUC Cannot update SGSN number for subscriber ID=99999: no such subscriber

-db_subscr_lu(dbc, 99999, "712", false) --> -ENOENT
+db_subscr_lu(dbc, 99999, "712", false, NULL, 0) --> -ENOENT
 DAUC Cannot update VLR number for subscriber ID=99999: no such subscriber

 db_subscr_get_by_id(dbc, 99999, &g_subscr) --> -ENOENT
--- a/tests/db_upgrade/Makefile.am
+++ b/tests/db_upgrade/Makefile.am
@@ -1,14 +0,0 @@
-EXTRA_DIST = \
-	db_upgrade_test.sh \
-	db_upgrade_test.err \
-	db_upgrade_test.ok \
-	hlr_db_v0.sql \
-	osmo-hlr.cfg \
-	create_subscribers.vty \
-	$(NULL)
-
-update_exp:
-	$(srcdir)/db_upgrade_test.sh $(srcdir) $(builddir) >"$(srcdir)/db_upgrade_test.ok" 2>"$(srcdir)/db_upgrade_test.err"
-
-upgrade-equivalence-test:
-	$(srcdir)/db_upgrade_test.sh $(srcdir) $(builddir) do-equivalence-test
--- a/tests/db_upgrade/create_subscribers.vty
+++ b/tests/db_upgrade/create_subscribers.vty
@@ -1,47 +0,0 @@
-OsmoHLR> enable
-OsmoHLR# subscriber imsi 123456789012345 create
-% Created subscriber 123456789012345
-    ID: 1
-    IMSI: 123456789012345
-    MSISDN: none
-OsmoHLR# subscriber imsi 123456789012345 update msisdn 098765432109876
-% Updated subscriber IMSI='123456789012345' to MSISDN='098765432109876'
-OsmoHLR# subscriber imsi 123456789012345 update aud2g comp128v1 ki BeefedCafeFaceAcedAddedDecadeFee
-OsmoHLR# subscriber imsi 123456789012345 update aud3g milenage k C01ffedC1cadaeAc1d1f1edAcac1aB0a opc CededEffacedAceFacedBadFadedBeef
-OsmoHLR# subscriber imsi 111111111 create
-% Created subscriber 111111111
-    ID: 2
-    IMSI: 111111111
-    MSISDN: none
-OsmoHLR# subscriber imsi 222222222 create
-% Created subscriber 222222222
-    ID: 3
-    IMSI: 222222222
-    MSISDN: none
-OsmoHLR# subscriber imsi 222222222 update msisdn 22222
-% Updated subscriber IMSI='222222222' to MSISDN='22222'
-OsmoHLR# subscriber imsi 333333 create
-% Created subscriber 333333
-    ID: 4
-    IMSI: 333333
-    MSISDN: none
-OsmoHLR# subscriber imsi 333333 update msisdn 3
-% Updated subscriber IMSI='333333' to MSISDN='3'
-OsmoHLR# subscriber imsi 333333 update aud2g comp128v2 ki 33333333333333333333333333333333
-OsmoHLR# subscriber imsi 444444444444444 create
-% Created subscriber 444444444444444
-    ID: 5
-    IMSI: 444444444444444
-    MSISDN: none
-OsmoHLR# subscriber imsi 444444444444444 update msisdn 4444
-% Updated subscriber IMSI='444444444444444' to MSISDN='4444'
-OsmoHLR# subscriber imsi 444444444444444 update aud3g milenage k 44444444444444444444444444444444 op 44444444444444444444444444444444
-OsmoHLR# subscriber imsi 5555555 create
-% Created subscriber 5555555
-    ID: 6
-    IMSI: 5555555
-    MSISDN: none
-OsmoHLR# subscriber imsi 5555555 update msisdn 55555555555555
-% Updated subscriber IMSI='5555555' to MSISDN='55555555555555'
-OsmoHLR# subscriber imsi 5555555 update aud2g xor ki 55555555555555555555555555555555
-OsmoHLR# subscriber imsi 5555555 update aud3g milenage k 55555555555555555555555555555555 opc 55555555555555555555555555555555
--- a/tests/db_upgrade/create_subscribers_step2.sql
+++ b/tests/db_upgrade/create_subscribers_step2.sql
@@ -1,6 +0,0 @@
-update subscriber set vlr_number = 'MSC-1' where id = 1;
-update subscriber set ms_purged_cs = 1 where id = 2;
-update subscriber set ms_purged_ps = 1 where id = 3;
-update subscriber set nam_cs = 0 where id = 4;
-update subscriber set nam_ps = 0 where id = 5;
-update subscriber set nam_cs = 0, nam_ps = 0 where id = 6;
--- a/tests/db_upgrade/db_upgrade_test.err
+++ b/tests/db_upgrade/db_upgrade_test.err
--- a/tests/db_upgrade/db_upgrade_test.ok
+++ b/tests/db_upgrade/db_upgrade_test.ok
@@ -1,172 +0,0 @@
-Creating db in schema version 0
-
-Version 0 db:
-
-Table: auc_2g
-name|type|notnull|dflt_value|pk
-algo_id_2g|INTEGER|1||0
-ki|VARCHAR(32)|1||0
-subscriber_id|INTEGER|0||1
-
-Table auc_2g contents:
-algo_id_2g|ki|subscriber_id
-1|BeefedCafeFaceAcedAddedDecadeFee|1
-2|33333333333333333333333333333333|4
-4|55555555555555555555555555555555|6
-
-Table: auc_3g
-name|type|notnull|dflt_value|pk
-algo_id_3g|INTEGER|1||0
-ind_bitlen|INTEGER|1|5|0
-k|VARCHAR(32)|1||0
-op|VARCHAR(32)|0||0
-opc|VARCHAR(32)|0||0
-sqn|INTEGER|1|0|0
-subscriber_id|INTEGER|0||1
-
-Table auc_3g contents:
-algo_id_3g|ind_bitlen|k|op|opc|sqn|subscriber_id
-5|5|C01ffedC1cadaeAc1d1f1edAcac1aB0a||CededEffacedAceFacedBadFadedBeef|0|1
-5|5|44444444444444444444444444444444|44444444444444444444444444444444||0|5
-5|5|55555555555555555555555555555555||55555555555555555555555555555555|0|6
-
-Table: subscriber
-name|type|notnull|dflt_value|pk
-ggsn_number|VARCHAR(15)|0||0
-gmlc_number|VARCHAR(15)|0||0
-hlr_number|VARCHAR(15)|0||0
-id|INTEGER|0||1
-imeisv|VARCHAR|0||0
-imsi|VARCHAR(15)|1||0
-lmsi|INTEGER|0||0
-ms_purged_cs|BOOLEAN|1|0|0
-ms_purged_ps|BOOLEAN|1|0|0
-msisdn|VARCHAR(15)|0||0
-nam_cs|BOOLEAN|1|1|0
-nam_ps|BOOLEAN|1|1|0
-periodic_lu_tmr|INTEGER|0||0
-periodic_rau_tau_tmr|INTEGER|0||0
-sgsn_address|VARCHAR|0||0
-sgsn_number|VARCHAR(15)|0||0
-smsc_number|VARCHAR(15)|0||0
-vlr_number|VARCHAR(15)|0||0
-
-Table subscriber contents:
-ggsn_number|gmlc_number|hlr_number|id|imeisv|imsi|lmsi|ms_purged_cs|ms_purged_ps|msisdn|nam_cs|nam_ps|periodic_lu_tmr|periodic_rau_tau_tmr|sgsn_address|sgsn_number|smsc_number|vlr_number
-|||1||123456789012345||0|0|098765432109876|1|1||||||MSC-1
-|||2||111111111||1|0||1|1||||||
-|||3||222222222||0|1|22222|1|1||||||
-|||4||333333||0|0|3|0|1||||||
-|||5||444444444444444||0|0|4444|1|0||||||
-|||6||5555555||0|0|55555555555555|0|0||||||
-
-Table: subscriber_apn
-name|type|notnull|dflt_value|pk
-apn|VARCHAR(256)|1||0
-subscriber_id|INTEGER|0||0
-
-Table subscriber_apn contents:
-
-Table: subscriber_multi_msisdn
-name|type|notnull|dflt_value|pk
-msisdn|VARCHAR(15)|1||0
-subscriber_id|INTEGER|0||0
-
-Table subscriber_multi_msisdn contents:
-
-Launching osmo-hlr to upgrade db:
-osmo-hlr --database $db --db-upgrade --db-check --config-file $srcdir/osmo-hlr.cfg
-rc = 0
-DMAIN hlr starting
-DDB using database: <PATH>test.db
-DDB Database <PATH>test.db' has HLR DB schema version 0
-DDB Database <PATH>test.db' has been upgraded to HLR DB schema version 1
-DDB Database <PATH>test.db' has been upgraded to HLR DB schema version 2
-DDB Database <PATH>test.db' has been upgraded to HLR DB schema version 3
-DDB Database <PATH>test.db' has been upgraded to HLR DB schema version 4
-DMAIN Cmdline option --db-check: Database was opened successfully, quitting.
-
-Resulting db:
-
-Table: auc_2g
-name|type|notnull|dflt_value|pk
-algo_id_2g|INTEGER|1||0
-ki|VARCHAR(32)|1||0
-subscriber_id|INTEGER|0||1
-
-Table auc_2g contents:
-algo_id_2g|ki|subscriber_id
-1|BeefedCafeFaceAcedAddedDecadeFee|1
-2|33333333333333333333333333333333|4
-4|55555555555555555555555555555555|6
-
-Table: auc_3g
-name|type|notnull|dflt_value|pk
-algo_id_3g|INTEGER|1||0
-ind_bitlen|INTEGER|1|5|0
-k|VARCHAR(32)|1||0
-op|VARCHAR(32)|0||0
-opc|VARCHAR(32)|0||0
-sqn|INTEGER|1|0|0
-subscriber_id|INTEGER|0||1
-
-Table auc_3g contents:
-algo_id_3g|ind_bitlen|k|op|opc|sqn|subscriber_id
-5|5|C01ffedC1cadaeAc1d1f1edAcac1aB0a||CededEffacedAceFacedBadFadedBeef|0|1
-5|5|44444444444444444444444444444444|44444444444444444444444444444444||0|5
-5|5|55555555555555555555555555555555||55555555555555555555555555555555|0|6
-
-Table: subscriber
-name|type|notnull|dflt_value|pk
-ggsn_number|VARCHAR(15)|0||0
-gmlc_number|VARCHAR(15)|0||0
-id|INTEGER|0||1
-imei|VARCHAR(14)|0||0
-imeisv|VARCHAR|0||0
-imsi|VARCHAR(15)|1||0
-last_lu_seen|TIMESTAMP|0|NULL|0
-last_lu_seen_ps|TIMESTAMP|0|NULL|0
-lmsi|INTEGER|0||0
-ms_purged_cs|BOOLEAN|1|0|0
-ms_purged_ps|BOOLEAN|1|0|0
-msc_number|VARCHAR(15)|0||0
-msisdn|VARCHAR(15)|0||0
-nam_cs|BOOLEAN|1|1|0
-nam_ps|BOOLEAN|1|1|0
-periodic_lu_tmr|INTEGER|0||0
-periodic_rau_tau_tmr|INTEGER|0||0
-sgsn_address|VARCHAR|0||0
-sgsn_number|VARCHAR(15)|0||0
-smsc_number|VARCHAR(15)|0||0
-vlr_number|VARCHAR(15)|0||0
-
-Table subscriber contents:
-ggsn_number|gmlc_number|id|imei|imeisv|imsi|last_lu_seen|last_lu_seen_ps|lmsi|ms_purged_cs|ms_purged_ps|msc_number|msisdn|nam_cs|nam_ps|periodic_lu_tmr|periodic_rau_tau_tmr|sgsn_address|sgsn_number|smsc_number|vlr_number
-||1|||123456789012345||||0|0||098765432109876|1|1||||||MSC-1
-||2|||111111111||||1|0|||1|1||||||
-||3|||222222222||||0|1||22222|1|1||||||
-||4|||333333||||0|0||3|0|1||||||
-||5|||444444444444444||||0|0||4444|1|0||||||
-||6|||5555555||||0|0||55555555555555|0|0||||||
-
-Table: subscriber_apn
-name|type|notnull|dflt_value|pk
-apn|VARCHAR(256)|1||0
-subscriber_id|INTEGER|0||0
-
-Table subscriber_apn contents:
-
-Table: subscriber_multi_msisdn
-name|type|notnull|dflt_value|pk
-msisdn|VARCHAR(15)|1||0
-subscriber_id|INTEGER|0||0
-
-Table subscriber_multi_msisdn contents:
-
-Verify that osmo-hlr can open it:
-osmo-hlr --database $db --db-check --config-file $srcdir/osmo-hlr.cfg
-rc = 0
-DMAIN hlr starting
-DDB using database: <PATH>test.db
-DDB Database <PATH>test.db' has HLR DB schema version 4
-DMAIN Cmdline option --db-check: Database was opened successfully, quitting.
--- a/tests/db_upgrade/db_upgrade_test.sh
+++ b/tests/db_upgrade/db_upgrade_test.sh
@@ -1,83 +0,0 @@
-#!/bin/sh
-srcdir="${1:-.}"
-builddir="${2:-.}"
-do_equivalence_test="$3"
-
-set -e
-
-db="$builddir/test.db"
-osmo_hlr="$builddir/../../src/osmo-hlr"
-cfg="$srcdir/osmo-hlr.cfg"
-
-dump_sorted_schema(){
-	db_file="$1"
-	tables="$(sqlite3 -batch -noheader "$db_file" "SELECT name FROM sqlite_master WHERE type = 'table' order by name")"
-	for table in $tables; do
-		echo
-		echo "Table: $table"
-		sqlite3 -batch -header "$db_file" "SELECT name,type,\"notnull\",dflt_value,pk FROM PRAGMA_TABLE_INFO('$table') order by name;"
-		echo
-		echo "Table $table contents:"
-		columns="$(sqlite3 -batch -noheader "$db_file" "SELECT name FROM PRAGMA_TABLE_INFO('$table') order by name;")"
-		sqlite3 -batch -header "$db_file" "SELECT $(echo $columns | sed 's/ /,/g') from $table;"
-	done
-}
-
-rm -f "$db"
-echo "Creating db in schema version 0"
-sqlite3 -batch "$db" < "$srcdir/hlr_db_v0.sql"
-
-echo
-echo "Version 0 db:"
-dump_sorted_schema "$db"
-
-set +e
-
-echo
-echo "Launching osmo-hlr to upgrade db:"
-echo osmo-hlr --database '$db' --db-upgrade --db-check --config-file '$srcdir/osmo-hlr.cfg'
-"$osmo_hlr" --database "$db" --db-upgrade --db-check --config-file "$cfg" >log 2>&1
-echo "rc = $?"
-cat log | sed 's@[^ "]*/@<PATH>@g'
-
-echo
-echo "Resulting db:"
-dump_sorted_schema "$db"
-
-echo
-echo "Verify that osmo-hlr can open it:"
-echo osmo-hlr --database '$db' --db-check --config-file '$srcdir/osmo-hlr.cfg'
-"$osmo_hlr" --database "$db" --db-check --config-file "$cfg" >log 2>&1
-echo "rc = $?"
-cat log | sed 's@[^ "]*/@<PATH>@g'
-
-if [ -n "$do_equivalence_test" ]; then
-	# this part requires osmo_interact_vty.py, so this test is not part of the normal run
-	set -e -x
-	mint_db="$builddir/mint.db"
-	rm -f "$mint_db"
-
-	osmo_verify_transcript_vty.py -v \
-		-n OsmoHLR -p 4258 \
-		-r "$osmo_hlr -c $cfg -l $mint_db" \
-		"$srcdir/create_subscribers.vty"
-	sqlite3 -batch "$mint_db" < "$srcdir/create_subscribers_step2.sql"
-
-	set +x
-	test_dump="$builddir/test.dump"
-	mint_dump="$builddir/mint.dump"
-
-	dump_sorted_schema "$db" > "$test_dump"
-	dump_sorted_schema "$mint_db" > "$mint_dump"
-
-	echo
-	echo "Newly created sorted schema is:"
-	cat "$mint_dump"
-	echo
-	echo "Diff to upgraded schema:"
-	diff -u "$mint_dump" "$test_dump"
-	echo "rc=$?"
-fi
-
-rm -f log
-rm -f "$db"
--- a/tests/db_upgrade/hlr_db_v0.sql
+++ b/tests/db_upgrade/hlr_db_v0.sql
@@ -1,80 +0,0 @@
-PRAGMA foreign_keys=OFF;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-CREATE TABLE subscriber (
-- OsmoHLR's DB scheme is modelled roughly after TS 23.008 version 13.3.0
-	id		INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,
-	-- Chapter 2.1.1.1
-	imsi		VARCHAR(15) UNIQUE NOT NULL,
-	-- Chapter 2.1.2
-	msisdn		VARCHAR(15) UNIQUE,
-	-- Chapter 2.2.3: Most recent / current IMEI
-	imeisv		VARCHAR,
-	-- Chapter 2.4.5
-	vlr_number	VARCHAR(15),
-	-- Chapter 2.4.6
-	hlr_number	VARCHAR(15),
-	-- Chapter 2.4.8.1
-	sgsn_number	VARCHAR(15),
-	-- Chapter 2.13.10
-	sgsn_address	VARCHAR,
-	-- Chapter 2.4.8.2
-	ggsn_number	VARCHAR(15),
-	-- Chapter 2.4.9.2
-	gmlc_number	VARCHAR(15),
-	-- Chapter 2.4.23
-	smsc_number	VARCHAR(15),
-	-- Chapter 2.4.24
-	periodic_lu_tmr	INTEGER,
-	-- Chapter 2.13.115
-	periodic_rau_tau_tmr INTEGER,
-	-- Chapter 2.1.1.2: network access mode
-	nam_cs		BOOLEAN NOT NULL DEFAULT 1,
-	nam_ps		BOOLEAN NOT NULL DEFAULT 1,
-	-- Chapter 2.1.8
-	lmsi		INTEGER,
-	-- The below purged flags might not even be stored non-volatile,
-	-- refer to TS 23.012 Chapter 3.6.1.4
-	-- Chapter 2.7.5
-	ms_purged_cs	BOOLEAN NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
-	-- Chapter 2.7.6
-	ms_purged_ps	BOOLEAN NOT NULL DEFAULT 0
-);
-INSERT INTO subscriber VALUES(1,'123456789012345','098765432109876',NULL,'MSC-1',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,1,1,NULL,0,0);
-INSERT INTO subscriber VALUES(2,'111111111',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,1,1,NULL,1,0);
-INSERT INTO subscriber VALUES(3,'222222222','22222',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,1,1,NULL,0,1);
-INSERT INTO subscriber VALUES(4,'333333','3',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,0,1,NULL,0,0);
-INSERT INTO subscriber VALUES(5,'444444444444444','4444',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,1,0,NULL,0,0);
-INSERT INTO subscriber VALUES(6,'5555555','55555555555555',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,0,0,NULL,0,0);
-CREATE TABLE subscriber_apn (
-	subscriber_id	INTEGER,		-- subscriber.id
-	apn		VARCHAR(256) NOT NULL
-);
-CREATE TABLE subscriber_multi_msisdn (
-- Chapter 2.1.3
-	subscriber_id	INTEGER,		-- subscriber.id
-	msisdn		VARCHAR(15) NOT NULL
-);
-CREATE TABLE auc_2g (
-	subscriber_id	INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,	-- subscriber.id
-	algo_id_2g	INTEGER NOT NULL,	-- enum osmo_auth_algo value
-	ki		VARCHAR(32) NOT NULL	-- hex string: subscriber's secret key (128bit)
-);
-INSERT INTO auc_2g VALUES(1,1,'BeefedCafeFaceAcedAddedDecadeFee');
-INSERT INTO auc_2g VALUES(4,2,'33333333333333333333333333333333');
-INSERT INTO auc_2g VALUES(6,4,'55555555555555555555555555555555');
-CREATE TABLE auc_3g (
-	subscriber_id	INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,	-- subscriber.id
-	algo_id_3g	INTEGER NOT NULL,	-- enum osmo_auth_algo value
-	k		VARCHAR(32) NOT NULL,	-- hex string: subscriber's secret key (128bit)
-	op		VARCHAR(32),		-- hex string: operator's secret key (128bit)
-	opc		VARCHAR(32),		-- hex string: derived from OP and K (128bit)
-	sqn		INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,	-- sequence number of key usage
-	-- nr of index bits at lower SQN end
-	ind_bitlen	INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 5
-);
-INSERT INTO auc_3g VALUES(1,5,'C01ffedC1cadaeAc1d1f1edAcac1aB0a',NULL,'CededEffacedAceFacedBadFadedBeef',0,5);
-INSERT INTO auc_3g VALUES(5,5,'44444444444444444444444444444444','44444444444444444444444444444444',NULL,0,5);
-INSERT INTO auc_3g VALUES(6,5,'55555555555555555555555555555555',NULL,'55555555555555555555555555555555',0,5);
-CREATE UNIQUE INDEX idx_subscr_imsi ON subscriber (imsi)
-;
-COMMIT;
--- a/tests/db_upgrade/osmo-hlr.cfg
+++ b/tests/db_upgrade/osmo-hlr.cfg
@@ -1,6 +0,0 @@
-log stderr
- logging level db notice
- logging print category-hex 0
- logging print file 0
- logging print category 1
- logging color 0
--- a/tests/gsup/Makefile.am
+++ b/tests/gsup/Makefile.am
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+AM_CPPFLAGS = \
+	$(all_includes) \
+	-I$(top_srcdir)/src \
+	$(NULL)
+
+AM_CFLAGS = \
+	-Wall \
+	-ggdb3 \
+	$(LIBOSMOCORE_CFLAGS) \
+	$(LIBOSMOGSM_CFLAGS) \
+	$(LIBOSMOABIS_CFLAGS) \
+	$(NULL)
+
+AM_LDFLAGS = \
+	-no-install \
+	$(NULL)
+
+EXTRA_DIST = \
+	gsup_test.ok \
+	gsup_test.err \
+	$(NULL)
+
+noinst_PROGRAMS = \
+	gsup_test \
+	$(NULL)
+
+gsup_test_SOURCES = \
+	gsup_test.c \
+	$(NULL)
+
+gsup_test_LDADD = \
+	$(top_srcdir)/src/luop.c \
+	$(top_srcdir)/src/gsup_server.c \
+	$(top_srcdir)/src/gsup_router.c \
+	$(LIBOSMOCORE_LIBS) \
+	$(LIBOSMOGSM_LIBS) \
+	$(LIBOSMOABIS_LIBS) \
+	$(NULL)
+
+.PHONY: update_exp
+update_exp:
+	$(builddir)/gsup_test >"$(srcdir)/gsup_test.ok" 2>"$(srcdir)/gsup_test.err"
--- a/tests/gsup/gsup_test.c
+++ b/tests/gsup/gsup_test.c
@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+/* (C) 2018 by sysmocom - s.f.m.c. GmbH <info@sysmocom.de>
+ *
+ * All Rights Reserved
+ *
+ * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation; either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
+ * along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ *
+ */
+
+#include <string.h>
+
+#include <osmocom/core/logging.h>
+#include <osmocom/core/utils.h>
+#include <osmocom/core/application.h>
+#include <osmocom/gsm/gsup.h>
+
+#include "logging.h"
+#include "luop.h"
+
+struct osmo_gsup_server;
+
+/* override osmo_gsup_addr_send() to not actually send anything. */
+int osmo_gsup_addr_send(struct osmo_gsup_server *gs,
+			const uint8_t *addr, size_t addrlen,
+			struct msgb *msg)
+{
+	LOGP(DMAIN, LOGL_DEBUG, "%s\n", msgb_hexdump(msg));
+	msgb_free(msg);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int db_subscr_get_by_imsi(struct db_context *dbc, const char *imsi,
+			  struct hlr_subscriber *subscr)
+{
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/* Verify that the internally allocated msgb is large enough */
+void test_gsup_tx_insert_subscr_data()
+{
+	struct lu_operation luop = {
+		.state = LU_S_LU_RECEIVED,
+		.subscr = {
+			.imsi = "123456789012345",
+			.msisdn = "987654321098765",
+			.nam_cs = true,
+			.nam_ps = true,
+		},
+		.is_ps = true,
+	};
+
+	lu_op_tx_insert_subscr_data(&luop);
+}
+
+const struct log_info_cat default_categories[] = {
+	[DMAIN] = {
+		.name = "DMAIN",
+		.description = "Main Program",
+		.enabled = 1, .loglevel = LOGL_DEBUG,
+	},
+};
+
+static struct log_info info = {
+	.cat = default_categories,
+	.num_cat = ARRAY_SIZE(default_categories),
+};
+
+int main(int argc, char **argv)
+{
+	void *ctx = talloc_named_const(NULL, 0, "gsup_test");
+	osmo_init_logging2(ctx, &info);
+	log_set_print_filename(osmo_stderr_target, 0);
+	log_set_print_timestamp(osmo_stderr_target, 0);
+	log_set_use_color(osmo_stderr_target, 0);
+	log_set_print_category(osmo_stderr_target, 1);
+
+	test_gsup_tx_insert_subscr_data();
+
+	printf("Done.\n");
+	return EXIT_SUCCESS;
+}
--- a/tests/gsup/gsup_test.err
+++ b/tests/gsup/gsup_test.err
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+DMAIN 10 01 08 21 43 65 87 09 21 43 f5 08 09 08 89 67 45 23 01 89 67 f5 05 07 10 01 01 12 02 01 2a 28 01 01 
+DMAIN LU OP state change: LU RECEIVED -> ISD SENT
--- a/tests/gsup/gsup_test.ok
+++ b/tests/gsup/gsup_test.ok
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Done.
--- a/tests/gsup_server/Makefile.am
+++ b/tests/gsup_server/Makefile.am
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 AM_CPPFLAGS = \
 	$(all_includes) \
+	-I$(top_srcdir)/src \
 	$(NULL)

 AM_CFLAGS = \
 	-Wall \
 	-ggdb3 \
-	-I$(top_srcdir)/include \
 	$(LIBOSMOCORE_CFLAGS) \
 	$(LIBOSMOGSM_CFLAGS) \
 	$(LIBOSMOABIS_CFLAGS) \
--- a/tests/gsup_server/gsup_server_test.c
+++ b/tests/gsup_server/gsup_server_test.c
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@

 #include <stdio.h>
 #include <osmocom/core/utils.h>
-#include <osmocom/hlr/gsup_server.h>
+#include "gsup_server.h"

 #define comment_start() printf("\n===== %s\n", __func__)
 #define comment_end() printf("===== %s: SUCCESS\n\n", __func__)
--- a/tests/test_nodes.vty
+++ b/tests/test_nodes.vty
@@ -1,15 +1,3 @@
-OsmoHLR> ?
-  show        Show running system information
-  list        Print command list
-  exit        Exit current mode and down to previous mode
-  help        Description of the interactive help system
-  enable      Turn on privileged mode command
-  terminal    Set terminal line parameters
-  who         Display who is on vty
-  logging     Configure logging
-  no          Negate a command or set its defaults
-  logp        Print a message on all log outputs; useful for placing markers in test logs
-  subscriber  Subscriber management commands
 OsmoHLR> list
  show version
  show online-help
@@ -37,24 +25,14 @@ OsmoHLR> list
  show subscriber (imsi|msisdn|id|imei) IDENT

 OsmoHLR> enable
-OsmoHLR# ?
-  help        Description of the interactive help system
-  list        Print command list
-  write       Write running configuration to memory, network, or terminal
-  show        Show running system information
-  exit        Exit current mode and down to previous mode
-  disable     Turn off privileged mode command
-  configure   Configuration from vty interface
-  copy        Copy configuration
-  terminal    Set terminal line parameters
-  who         Display who is on vty
-  logging     Configure logging
-  no          Negate a command or set its defaults
-  logp        Print a message on all log outputs; useful for placing markers in test logs
-  subscriber  Subscriber management commands
 OsmoHLR# list
  help
-...
+  list
+  write terminal
+  write file
+  write memory
+  write
+  show running-config
  exit
  disable
  configure terminal
@@ -72,35 +50,28 @@ OsmoHLR# list
 ...

 OsmoHLR# configure terminal
-OsmoHLR(config)# ?
-...
-  banner    Set banner string
-  service   Set up miscellaneous service
-  line      Configure a terminal line
-  ctrl      Configure the Control Interface
-  log       Configure logging sub-system
-  stats     Configure stats sub-system
-  hlr       Configure the HLR
 OsmoHLR(config)# list
  help
-...
+  list
+  write terminal
+  write file
+  write memory
+  write
+  show running-config
  exit
  end
 ...
  hlr

 OsmoHLR(config)# hlr
-OsmoHLR(config-hlr)# ?
-...
-  euse                         Configure a particular External USSD Entity
-  no                           Negate a command or set its defaults
-  ussd                         USSD Configuration
-  ncss-guard-timeout           Set guard timer for NCSS (call independent SS) session activity
-  store-imei                   Save the IMEI in the database when receiving Check IMEI requests. Note that an MSC does not necessarily send Check IMEI requests (for OsmoMSC, you may want to set 'check-imei-rqd 1').
-  subscriber-create-on-demand  Make a new record when a subscriber is first seen.
 OsmoHLR(config-hlr)# list
  help
-...
+  list
+  write terminal
+  write file
+  write memory
+  write
+  show running-config
  exit
  end
  gsup
@@ -119,11 +90,16 @@ OsmoHLR(config-hlr)# list
  no subscriber-create-on-demand

 OsmoHLR(config-hlr)# gsup
-OsmoHLR(config-hlr-gsup)# ?
-...
-  bind   Listen/Bind related socket option
 OsmoHLR(config-hlr-gsup)# list
-...
+  help
+  list
+  write terminal
+  write file
+  write memory
+  write
+  show running-config
+  exit
+  end
  bind ip A.B.C.D

 OsmoHLR(config-hlr-gsup)# exit
--- a/tests/testsuite.at
+++ b/tests/testsuite.at
@@ -15,6 +15,13 @@ cat $abs_srcdir/auc/auc_ts_55_205_test_sets.err > experr
 AT_CHECK([$abs_top_builddir/tests/auc/auc_ts_55_205_test_sets], [], [expout], [experr])
 AT_CLEANUP

+AT_SETUP([gsup])
+AT_KEYWORDS([gsup])
+cat $abs_srcdir/gsup/gsup_test.ok > expout
+cat $abs_srcdir/gsup/gsup_test.err > experr
+AT_CHECK([$abs_top_builddir/tests/gsup/gsup_test], [], [expout], [experr])
+AT_CLEANUP
+
 AT_SETUP([gsup_server])
 AT_KEYWORDS([gsup_server])
 cat $abs_srcdir/gsup_server/gsup_server_test.ok > expout
@@ -29,13 +36,3 @@ cat $abs_srcdir/db/db_test.err > experr
 sqlite3 db_test.db < $abs_top_srcdir/sql/hlr.sql
 AT_CHECK([$abs_top_builddir/tests/db/db_test], [], [expout], [experr])
 AT_CLEANUP
-
-# AT_SKIP_IF: disable for old sqlite versions, because the way we dump tables in the test doesn't work with it.
-# https://lists.osmocom.org/pipermail/openbsc/2019-November/013063.html
-AT_SETUP([db_upgrade])
-AT_SKIP_IF([ ! pkg-config sqlite3 --exists --atleast-version=3.16.2 ])
-AT_KEYWORDS([db_upgrade])
-cat $abs_srcdir/db_upgrade/db_upgrade_test.ok > expout
-cat $abs_srcdir/db_upgrade/db_upgrade_test.err > experr
-AT_CHECK([$abs_srcdir/db_upgrade/db_upgrade_test.sh $abs_srcdir/db_upgrade $abs_builddir/db_upgrade], [], [expout], [experr])
-AT_CLEANUP
Author	SHA1	Message	Date
Piotr Krysik	0b49796412	Enabling/disabling 4G RAN for given subscriber The change adds support for enabling and disabling connection through 4G RAN by a subscriber with use of USSD codes. Change-Id: Idf964d9c770a0a1cb5c486eb2a7592d6bf44171c	2019-08-22 14:30:22 +02:00
gsmevent admin	a1e7759bc1	AUCH test fixes by Lynxis	2019-08-22 13:52:24 +02:00
Harald Welte	15f88107c7	AUC: Add support for setting the AMF separation bit to '1' for EUTRAN Change-Id: Ic766bc40f6126bb479bd0a05b0e96bec3e240008	2019-08-22 12:47:41 +02:00
Neels Hofmeyr	94c38a9e03	Revert "mention #201#, #301# in USSD get_ran (HACK)" This reverts commit `05e888ed7c`.	2019-08-20 04:45:25 +02:00
Neels Hofmeyr	05e888ed7c	mention #201#, #301# in USSD get_ran (HACK) Change-Id: Idbedbc679868a88dae1c85f82527f3f20067b879	2019-08-20 04:45:19 +02:00
gsmevent admin	9eb10efb23	send GMM_CAUSE_ROAMING_NOTALLOWED instead of GMM_CAUSE_IMSI_UNKNOWN HARDCODED	2019-08-20 04:45:19 +02:00
Neels Hofmeyr	63450d990b	add USSD handlers to enable/disable 2G access Change-Id: Ib266bf6ebc7692362a443efbf9b4ae69aee671d6	2019-08-20 04:42:48 +02:00
Neels Hofmeyr	d2d9f35835	for ussd_get_ran, show current RAT Change-Id: I81adb1785c1a46e9153a6914ef2c699e9c90b731	2019-08-20 04:42:46 +02:00
Neels Hofmeyr	80b7fe759f	auto upgrade hlr.db in the service file Change-Id: Icd3af5160e6d8f31fed5e84055fbb09322c54c2b	2019-08-20 04:41:06 +02:00
Neels Hofmeyr	b984a6c995	add column 'last_lu_rat', show last RAN type Change-Id: I5d73b1d928b61175d3198326706b7f49ba50e16f	2019-08-20 04:41:06 +02:00
Vadim Yanitskiy	3896888468	SS/USSD: update configuretion example Change-Id: I3801968d29bae917bf8669bb4ac03a9c4f3cb96c	2019-08-20 04:40:09 +02:00
Vadim Yanitskiy	e9dd9c6282	SS/USSD: add IUSEs to enable / disable UMTS Change-Id: Icf85ec8dd71813a9bbf359b9011456844f398337	2019-08-20 04:40:09 +02:00
Vadim Yanitskiy	277b2d642a	SS/USSD: implement an IUSE for getting RAN type(s) Change-Id: I8d95413784b039df50a4cdcac49289060f0414c6	2019-08-20 04:40:09 +02:00
Neels Hofmeyr	f1949f7b99	Add DB storage for enabling / disabling arbitrary RAT types. So far we have only GERAN-A and UTRAN-Iu, but to be future compatible, implement an arbitrary length list of RAT types: add DB table subscriber_rat. Backwards compatibility: if there is no entry in subscriber_rat, all RAT types shall be allowed. As soon as there is an entry, it can either be false to forbid a RAT or true to still allow a RAT type. Depends: I93850710ab55a605bf61b95063a69682a2899bb1 (libosmocore) Change-Id: I3e399ca8a85421f77a9a15e608413d1507722955	2019-08-20 04:40:07 +02:00
Neels Hofmeyr	f302de93dd	change format of 'last LU seen' So far, the time string format comes from ctime_r, and we manually add "UTC" to it. The ctime_r format is wildly chaotic IMHO, mixing weekday, day-of-month and hour and year in very unsorted ways. Adding "UTC" to it is non-standard. Instead use an ISO-8601 standardized time string via strftime(). Change-Id: I6731968f05050399f4dd43b241290186e0c59e1a	2019-08-19 02:24:05 +02:00