typing: Remove ViewFuncT.

This removes ViewFuncT and all the associated type casts with ParamSpec
and Concatenate. This provides more accurate type annotation for
decorators at the cost of making the concatenated parameters
positional-only. This change does not intend to introduce any other
behavioral difference. Note that we retype args in process_view as
List[object] because the view functions can not only be called with
arguments of type str.

Note that the first argument of rest_dispatch needs to be made
positional-only because of the presence of **kwargs.

Signed-off-by: Zixuan James Li <p359101898@gmail.com>

zerver/lib/drafts.py

@@ -1,10 +1,11 @@
 import time
 from functools import wraps
-from typing import Any, Dict, List, Set, cast
+from typing import Any, Callable, Dict, List, Set
 
 from django.core.exceptions import ValidationError
 from django.http import HttpRequest, HttpResponse
 from django.utils.translation import gettext as _
+from typing_extensions import Concatenate, ParamSpec
 
 from zerver.lib.addressee import get_user_profiles_by_ids
 from zerver.lib.exceptions import JsonableError, ResourceNotFoundError
@@ -12,7 +13,6 @@ from zerver.lib.message import normalize_body, truncate_topic
 from zerver.lib.recipient_users import recipient_for_user_profiles
 from zerver.lib.streams import access_stream_by_id
 from zerver.lib.timestamp import timestamp_to_datetime
-from zerver.lib.types import ViewFuncT
 from zerver.lib.validator import (
     check_dict_only,
     check_float,
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ from zerver.lib.validator import (
 from zerver.models import Draft, UserProfile
 from zerver.tornado.django_api import send_event
 
+ParamT = ParamSpec("ParamT")
 VALID_DRAFT_TYPES: Set[str] = {"", "private", "stream"}
 
 # A validator to verify if the structure (syntax) of a dictionary
@@ -87,16 +88,22 @@ def further_validated_draft_dict(
     }
 
 
-def draft_endpoint(view_func: ViewFuncT) -> ViewFuncT:
+def draft_endpoint(
+    view_func: Callable[Concatenate[HttpRequest, UserProfile, ParamT], HttpResponse]
+) -> Callable[Concatenate[HttpRequest, UserProfile, ParamT], HttpResponse]:
     @wraps(view_func)
     def draft_view_func(
-        request: HttpRequest, user_profile: UserProfile, *args: object, **kwargs: object
+        request: HttpRequest,
+        user_profile: UserProfile,
+        /,
+        *args: ParamT.args,
+        **kwargs: ParamT.kwargs,
     ) -> HttpResponse:
         if not user_profile.enable_drafts_synchronization:
             raise JsonableError(_("User has disabled synchronizing drafts."))
         return view_func(request, user_profile, *args, **kwargs)
 
-    return cast(ViewFuncT, draft_view_func)  # https://github.com/python/mypy/issues/1927
+    return draft_view_func
 
 
 def do_create_drafts(draft_dicts: List[Dict[str, Any]], user_profile: UserProfile) -> List[Draft]:

zerver/lib/rest.py

@@ -1,11 +1,12 @@
 from functools import wraps
-from typing import Callable, Dict, Set, Tuple, Union, cast
+from typing import Callable, Dict, Set, Tuple, Union
 
 from django.http import HttpRequest, HttpResponse
 from django.urls import path
 from django.urls.resolvers import URLPattern
 from django.utils.cache import add_never_cache_headers
 from django.views.decorators.csrf import csrf_exempt, csrf_protect
+from typing_extensions import Concatenate, ParamSpec
 
 from zerver.decorator import (
     authenticated_json_view,
@@ -17,12 +18,14 @@ from zerver.decorator import (
 from zerver.lib.exceptions import MissingAuthenticationError
 from zerver.lib.request import RequestNotes
 from zerver.lib.response import json_method_not_allowed
-from zerver.lib.types import ViewFuncT
 
+ParamT = ParamSpec("ParamT")
 METHODS = ("GET", "HEAD", "POST", "PUT", "DELETE", "PATCH")
 
 
-def default_never_cache_responses(view_func: ViewFuncT) -> ViewFuncT:
+def default_never_cache_responses(
+    view_func: Callable[Concatenate[HttpRequest, ParamT], HttpResponse]
+) -> Callable[Concatenate[HttpRequest, ParamT], HttpResponse]:
     """Patched version of the standard Django never_cache_responses
     decorator that adds headers to a response so that it will never be
     cached, unless the view code has already set a Cache-Control
@@ -30,7 +33,9 @@ def default_never_cache_responses(view_func: ViewFuncT) -> ViewFuncT:
     """
 
     @wraps(view_func)
-    def _wrapped_view_func(request: HttpRequest, *args: object, **kwargs: object) -> HttpResponse:
+    def _wrapped_view_func(
+        request: HttpRequest, /, *args: ParamT.args, **kwargs: ParamT.kwargs
+    ) -> HttpResponse:
         response = view_func(request, *args, **kwargs)
         if response.has_header("Cache-Control"):
             return response
@@ -38,7 +43,7 @@ def default_never_cache_responses(view_func: ViewFuncT) -> ViewFuncT:
         add_never_cache_headers(response)
         return response
 
-    return cast(ViewFuncT, _wrapped_view_func)  # https://github.com/python/mypy/issues/1927
+    return _wrapped_view_func
 
 
 def get_target_view_function_or_response(
@@ -102,7 +107,7 @@ def get_target_view_function_or_response(
 
 @default_never_cache_responses
 @csrf_exempt
-def rest_dispatch(request: HttpRequest, **kwargs: object) -> HttpResponse:
+def rest_dispatch(request: HttpRequest, /, **kwargs: object) -> HttpResponse:
     """Dispatch to a REST API endpoint.
 
     Authentication is verified in the following ways:

zerver/lib/types.py

@@ -2,12 +2,9 @@ import datetime
 from dataclasses import dataclass
 from typing import Any, Callable, Dict, List, Optional, Tuple, TypedDict, TypeVar, Union
 
-from django.http import HttpResponse
 from django.utils.functional import Promise
 from typing_extensions import NotRequired
 
-ViewFuncT = TypeVar("ViewFuncT", bound=Callable[..., HttpResponse])
-
 # See zerver/lib/validator.py for more details of Validators,
 # including many examples
 ResultT = TypeVar("ResultT")

zerver/middleware.py

@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ from django_scim.middleware import SCIMAuthCheckMiddleware
 from django_scim.settings import scim_settings
 from sentry_sdk import capture_exception
 from sentry_sdk.integrations.logging import ignore_logger
+from typing_extensions import Concatenate, ParamSpec
 
 from zerver.lib.cache import get_remote_cache_requests, get_remote_cache_time
 from zerver.lib.db import reset_queries
@@ -38,11 +39,11 @@ from zerver.lib.response import (
     json_unauthorized,
 )
 from zerver.lib.subdomains import get_subdomain
-from zerver.lib.types import ViewFuncT
 from zerver.lib.user_agent import parse_user_agent
 from zerver.lib.utils import statsd
 from zerver.models import Realm, SCIMClient, flush_per_request_caches, get_realm
 
+ParamT = ParamSpec("ParamT")
 logger = logging.getLogger("zulip.requests")
 slow_query_logger = logging.getLogger("zulip.slow_queries")
 
@@ -368,8 +369,8 @@ class LogRequests(MiddlewareMixin):
     def process_view(
         self,
         request: HttpRequest,
-        view_func: ViewFuncT,
+        view_func: Callable[Concatenate[HttpRequest, ParamT], HttpResponseBase],
-        args: List[str],
+        args: List[object],
         kwargs: Dict[str, Any],
     ) -> None:
         request_notes = RequestNotes.get_notes(request)
@@ -475,7 +476,11 @@ class JsonErrorHandler(MiddlewareMixin):
 
 class TagRequests(MiddlewareMixin):
     def process_view(
-        self, request: HttpRequest, view_func: ViewFuncT, args: List[str], kwargs: Dict[str, Any]
+        self,
+        request: HttpRequest,
+        view_func: Callable[Concatenate[HttpRequest, ParamT], HttpResponseBase],
+        args: List[object],
+        kwargs: Dict[str, Any],
     ) -> None:
         self.process_request(request)
 

zerver/tests/test_logging_handlers.py

@@ -2,29 +2,38 @@ import logging
 import sys
 from functools import wraps
 from types import TracebackType
-from typing import Dict, Iterator, NoReturn, Optional, Tuple, Type, Union, cast
+from typing import Callable, Dict, Iterator, NoReturn, Optional, Tuple, Type, Union
 from unittest import mock
 from unittest.mock import MagicMock, patch
 
 from django.conf import settings
 from django.contrib.auth.models import AnonymousUser
-from django.http import HttpRequest
+from django.http import HttpRequest, HttpResponse
 from django.utils.log import AdminEmailHandler
+from typing_extensions import Concatenate, ParamSpec
 
 from zerver.lib.test_classes import ZulipTestCase
 from zerver.lib.test_helpers import mock_queue_publish
-from zerver.lib.types import ViewFuncT
 from zerver.logging_handlers import AdminNotifyHandler, HasRequest
+from zerver.models import UserProfile
 
+ParamT = ParamSpec("ParamT")
 captured_request: Optional[HttpRequest] = None
 captured_exc_info: Optional[
     Union[Tuple[Type[BaseException], BaseException, TracebackType], Tuple[None, None, None]]
 ] = None
 
 
-def capture_and_throw(view_func: ViewFuncT) -> ViewFuncT:
+def capture_and_throw(
+    view_func: Callable[Concatenate[HttpRequest, UserProfile, ParamT], HttpResponse]
+) -> Callable[Concatenate[HttpRequest, ParamT], NoReturn]:
     @wraps(view_func)
-    def wrapped_view(request: HttpRequest, *args: object, **kwargs: object) -> NoReturn:
+    def wrapped_view(
+        request: HttpRequest,
+        /,
+        *args: ParamT.args,
+        **kwargs: ParamT.kwargs,
+    ) -> NoReturn:
         global captured_request
         captured_request = request
         try:
@@ -34,7 +43,7 @@ def capture_and_throw(view_func: ViewFuncT) -> ViewFuncT:
             captured_exc_info = sys.exc_info()
             raise e
 
-    return cast(ViewFuncT, wrapped_view)  # https://github.com/python/mypy/issues/1927
+    return wrapped_view
 
 
 class AdminNotifyHandlerTest(ZulipTestCase):

zerver/views/auth.py

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ import secrets
 import urllib
 from email.headerregistry import Address
 from functools import wraps
-from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Dict, List, Mapping, Optional, cast
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Callable, Dict, List, Mapping, Optional, cast
 from urllib.parse import urlencode
 
 import jwt
@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@ from markupsafe import Markup as mark_safe
 from social_django.utils import load_backend, load_strategy
 from two_factor.forms import BackupTokenForm
 from two_factor.views import LoginView as BaseTwoFactorLoginView
+from typing_extensions import Concatenate, ParamSpec
 
 from confirmation.models import (
     Confirmation,
@@ -65,7 +66,6 @@ from zerver.lib.request import REQ, RequestNotes, has_request_variables
 from zerver.lib.response import json_success
 from zerver.lib.sessions import set_expirable_session_var
 from zerver.lib.subdomains import get_subdomain, is_subdomain_root_or_alias
-from zerver.lib.types import ViewFuncT
 from zerver.lib.url_encoding import append_url_query_string
 from zerver.lib.user_agent import parse_user_agent
 from zerver.lib.users import get_api_key, is_2fa_verified
@@ -102,6 +102,7 @@ from zproject.backends import (
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
     from django.http.request import _ImmutableQueryDict
 
+ParamT = ParamSpec("ParamT")
 ExtraContext = Optional[Dict[str, Any]]
 
 
@@ -554,16 +555,20 @@ def oauth_redirect_to_root(
     return redirect(append_url_query_string(main_site_uri, urllib.parse.urlencode(params)))
 
 
-def handle_desktop_flow(func: ViewFuncT) -> ViewFuncT:
+def handle_desktop_flow(
+    func: Callable[Concatenate[HttpRequest, ParamT], HttpResponse]
+) -> Callable[Concatenate[HttpRequest, ParamT], HttpResponse]:
     @wraps(func)
-    def wrapper(request: HttpRequest, *args: object, **kwargs: object) -> HttpResponse:
+    def wrapper(
+        request: HttpRequest, /, *args: ParamT.args, **kwargs: ParamT.kwargs
+    ) -> HttpResponse:
         user_agent = parse_user_agent(request.headers.get("User-Agent", "Missing User-Agent"))
         if user_agent["name"] == "ZulipElectron":
             return render(request, "zerver/desktop_login.html")
 
         return func(request, *args, **kwargs)
 
-    return cast(ViewFuncT, wrapper)  # https://github.com/python/mypy/issues/1927
+    return wrapper
 
 
 @handle_desktop_flow