diff --git a/zerver/actions/message_edit.py b/zerver/actions/message_edit.py
index a534ace4b9..16eb3f6248 100644
--- a/zerver/actions/message_edit.py
+++ b/zerver/actions/message_edit.py
@@ -570,6 +570,7 @@ def update_message_content(
     event["prior_mention_user_ids"] = list(prior_mention_user_ids)
     event["presence_idle_user_ids"] = filter_presence_idle_user_ids(info.active_user_ids)
     event["all_bot_user_ids"] = list(info.all_bot_user_ids)
+    event["push_device_registered_user_ids"] = list(info.push_device_registered_user_ids)
     if rendering_result.mentions_stream_wildcard:
         event["stream_wildcard_mention_user_ids"] = list(info.stream_wildcard_mention_user_ids)
         event["stream_wildcard_mention_in_followed_topic_user_ids"] = list(
diff --git a/zerver/actions/message_send.py b/zerver/actions/message_send.py
index b54e826079..53ed6dbf50 100644
--- a/zerver/actions/message_send.py
+++ b/zerver/actions/message_send.py
@@ -5,17 +5,18 @@ from collections.abc import Set as AbstractSet
 from dataclasses import dataclass
 from datetime import timedelta
 from email.headerregistry import Address
-from typing import Any, TypedDict
+from typing import Any, TypedDict, cast
 
 import orjson
 from django.conf import settings
 from django.core.exceptions import ValidationError
 from django.db import IntegrityError, transaction
-from django.db.models import F, Q, QuerySet
+from django.db.models import Exists, F, OuterRef, Q, QuerySet
 from django.utils.html import escape
 from django.utils.timezone import now as timezone_now
 from django.utils.translation import gettext as _
 from django.utils.translation import override as override_language
+from django_stubs_ext import WithAnnotations
 
 from zerver.actions.uploads import do_claim_attachments
 from zerver.actions.user_topics import (
@@ -99,6 +100,8 @@ from zerver.lib.widget import do_widget_post_save_actions
 from zerver.models import (
     Client,
     Message,
+    PushDevice,
+    PushDeviceToken,
     Realm,
     Recipient,
     Stream,
@@ -208,6 +211,7 @@ class RecipientInfoResult:
     all_bot_user_ids: set[int]
     topic_participant_user_ids: set[int]
     sender_muted_stream: bool | None
+    push_device_registered_user_ids: set[int]
 
 
 class ActiveUserDict(TypedDict):
@@ -218,6 +222,11 @@ class ActiveUserDict(TypedDict):
     long_term_idle: bool
     is_bot: bool
     bot_type: int | None
+    has_push_device_registered: bool
+
+
+class UserProfileAnnotations(TypedDict):
+    has_push_device_registered: bool
 
 
 @dataclass
@@ -400,16 +409,40 @@ def get_recipient_info(
     user_ids = message_to_user_id_set | possibly_mentioned_user_ids
 
     if user_ids:
-        query: QuerySet[UserProfile, ActiveUserDict] = UserProfile.objects.filter(
-            is_active=True
-        ).values(
-            "id",
-            "enable_online_push_notifications",
-            "enable_offline_email_notifications",
-            "enable_offline_push_notifications",
-            "is_bot",
-            "bot_type",
-            "long_term_idle",
+        query: QuerySet[WithAnnotations[UserProfile, UserProfileAnnotations], ActiveUserDict] = (
+            # We use 'cast' because django-stubs says:
+            # Currently, the mypy plugin can recognize that specific names were passed to `QuerySet.annotate`
+            # and include them in the type, but does not record the types of these attributes.
+            #
+            # The knowledge of the specific annotated fields is not yet used in creating more specific types
+            # for `QuerySet`'s `values` method, however knowledge that the model was annotated _is_ used to
+            # create a broader type result type for `values`, and to allow `filter`ing on any field.
+            #
+            # ref: https://github.com/typeddjango/django-stubs/blob/de8e0b4dd6588129f0e02f601a71486f42799533/README.md?plain=1#L263
+            cast(
+                "QuerySet[WithAnnotations[UserProfile, UserProfileAnnotations], ActiveUserDict]",
+                UserProfile.objects.filter(is_active=True)
+                .annotate(
+                    # Uses index "zerver_pushdevice_user_bouncer_device_id_idx"
+                    # and "zerver_pushdevicetoken_user_id_015e5dc1".
+                    has_push_device_registered=Exists(
+                        PushDevice.objects.filter(
+                            user_id=OuterRef("id"), bouncer_device_id__isnull=False
+                        )
+                    )
+                    | Exists(PushDeviceToken.objects.filter(user_id=OuterRef("id")))
+                )
+                .values(
+                    "id",
+                    "enable_online_push_notifications",
+                    "enable_offline_email_notifications",
+                    "enable_offline_push_notifications",
+                    "is_bot",
+                    "bot_type",
+                    "long_term_idle",
+                    "has_push_device_registered",
+                ),
+            )
         )
 
         # query_for_ids is fast highly optimized for large queries, and we
@@ -487,6 +520,9 @@ def get_recipient_info(
     # where we determine notifiability of the message for users.
     all_bot_user_ids = {row["id"] for row in rows if row["is_bot"]}
 
+    # Users who have at least one push device registered to receive push notifications.
+    push_device_registered_user_ids = get_ids_for(lambda r: r["has_push_device_registered"])
+
     return RecipientInfoResult(
         active_user_ids=active_user_ids,
         online_push_user_ids=online_push_user_ids,
@@ -508,6 +544,7 @@ def get_recipient_info(
         all_bot_user_ids=all_bot_user_ids,
         topic_participant_user_ids=topic_participant_user_ids,
         sender_muted_stream=sender_muted_stream,
+        push_device_registered_user_ids=push_device_registered_user_ids,
     )
 
 
@@ -712,6 +749,7 @@ def build_message_send_dict(
         default_bot_user_ids=info.default_bot_user_ids,
         service_bot_tuples=info.service_bot_tuples,
         all_bot_user_ids=info.all_bot_user_ids,
+        push_device_registered_user_ids=info.push_device_registered_user_ids,
         topic_wildcard_mention_user_ids=topic_wildcard_mention_user_ids,
         stream_wildcard_mention_user_ids=stream_wildcard_mention_user_ids,
         topic_wildcard_mention_in_followed_topic_user_ids=topic_wildcard_mention_in_followed_topic_user_ids,
@@ -1124,6 +1162,7 @@ def do_send_messages(
                 stream_wildcard_mention_in_followed_topic_user_ids=send_request.stream_wildcard_mention_in_followed_topic_user_ids,
                 muted_sender_user_ids=send_request.muted_sender_user_ids,
                 all_bot_user_ids=send_request.all_bot_user_ids,
+                push_device_registered_user_ids=send_request.push_device_registered_user_ids,
             )
             for user_id in send_request.active_user_ids
         ]
@@ -1167,6 +1206,7 @@ def do_send_messages(
             ),
             muted_sender_user_ids=list(send_request.muted_sender_user_ids),
             all_bot_user_ids=list(send_request.all_bot_user_ids),
+            push_device_registered_user_ids=list(send_request.push_device_registered_user_ids),
             disable_external_notifications=send_request.disable_external_notifications,
             realm_host=send_request.realm.host,
         )
diff --git a/zerver/lib/message.py b/zerver/lib/message.py
index 124bf08fa5..f865d3ca92 100644
--- a/zerver/lib/message.py
+++ b/zerver/lib/message.py
@@ -149,6 +149,7 @@ class SendMessageRequest:
     default_bot_user_ids: set[int]
     service_bot_tuples: list[tuple[int, int]]
     all_bot_user_ids: set[int]
+    push_device_registered_user_ids: set[int]
     # IDs of topic participants who should be notified of topic wildcard mention.
     # The 'user_allows_notifications_in_StreamTopic' with 'wildcard_mentions_notify'
     # setting ON should return True.
diff --git a/zerver/lib/notification_data.py b/zerver/lib/notification_data.py
index 8ae5be7537..0e66305125 100644
--- a/zerver/lib/notification_data.py
+++ b/zerver/lib/notification_data.py
@@ -71,6 +71,7 @@ class UserMessageNotificationsData:
         stream_wildcard_mention_in_followed_topic_user_ids: set[int],
         muted_sender_user_ids: set[int],
         all_bot_user_ids: set[int],
+        push_device_registered_user_ids: set[int],
     ) -> "UserMessageNotificationsData":
         if user_id in all_bot_user_ids:
             # Don't send any notifications to bots
@@ -126,30 +127,46 @@ class UserMessageNotificationsData:
             and "stream_wildcard_mentioned" in flags
         )
 
-        dm_push_notify = user_id not in dm_mention_push_disabled_user_ids and private_message
+        push_device_registered = user_id in push_device_registered_user_ids
+        dm_push_notify = (
+            push_device_registered
+            and user_id not in dm_mention_push_disabled_user_ids
+            and private_message
+        )
         mention_push_notify = (
-            user_id not in dm_mention_push_disabled_user_ids and "mentioned" in flags
+            push_device_registered
+            and user_id not in dm_mention_push_disabled_user_ids
+            and "mentioned" in flags
         )
         topic_wildcard_mention_push_notify = (
-            user_id in topic_wildcard_mention_user_ids
+            push_device_registered
+            and user_id in topic_wildcard_mention_user_ids
             and user_id not in dm_mention_push_disabled_user_ids
             and "topic_wildcard_mentioned" in flags
         )
         stream_wildcard_mention_push_notify = (
-            user_id in stream_wildcard_mention_user_ids
+            push_device_registered
+            and user_id in stream_wildcard_mention_user_ids
             and user_id not in dm_mention_push_disabled_user_ids
             and "stream_wildcard_mentioned" in flags
         )
         topic_wildcard_mention_in_followed_topic_push_notify = (
-            user_id in topic_wildcard_mention_in_followed_topic_user_ids
+            push_device_registered
+            and user_id in topic_wildcard_mention_in_followed_topic_user_ids
             and user_id not in dm_mention_push_disabled_user_ids
             and "topic_wildcard_mentioned" in flags
         )
         stream_wildcard_mention_in_followed_topic_push_notify = (
-            user_id in stream_wildcard_mention_in_followed_topic_user_ids
+            push_device_registered
+            and user_id in stream_wildcard_mention_in_followed_topic_user_ids
             and user_id not in dm_mention_push_disabled_user_ids
             and "stream_wildcard_mentioned" in flags
         )
+        online_push_enabled = push_device_registered and user_id in online_push_user_ids
+        stream_push_notify = push_device_registered and user_id in stream_push_user_ids
+        followed_topic_push_notify = (
+            push_device_registered and user_id in followed_topic_push_user_ids
+        )
         return cls(
             user_id=user_id,
             dm_email_notify=dm_email_notify,
@@ -160,10 +177,10 @@ class UserMessageNotificationsData:
             mention_push_notify=mention_push_notify,
             topic_wildcard_mention_push_notify=topic_wildcard_mention_push_notify,
             stream_wildcard_mention_push_notify=stream_wildcard_mention_push_notify,
-            online_push_enabled=user_id in online_push_user_ids,
-            stream_push_notify=user_id in stream_push_user_ids,
+            online_push_enabled=online_push_enabled,
+            stream_push_notify=stream_push_notify,
             stream_email_notify=user_id in stream_email_user_ids,
-            followed_topic_push_notify=user_id in followed_topic_push_user_ids,
+            followed_topic_push_notify=followed_topic_push_notify,
             followed_topic_email_notify=user_id in followed_topic_email_user_ids,
             topic_wildcard_mention_in_followed_topic_push_notify=topic_wildcard_mention_in_followed_topic_push_notify,
             topic_wildcard_mention_in_followed_topic_email_notify=topic_wildcard_mention_in_followed_topic_email_notify,
diff --git a/zerver/lib/test_classes.py b/zerver/lib/test_classes.py
index 31f193ccb4..b3fa23860d 100644
--- a/zerver/lib/test_classes.py
+++ b/zerver/lib/test_classes.py
@@ -1917,6 +1917,23 @@ Output:
             realm, licenses, licenses_at_next_renewal, CustomerPlan.BILLING_SCHEDULE_MONTHLY
         )
 
+    def register_push_device(self, user_profile_id: int) -> None:
+        PushDevice.objects.create(
+            user_id=user_profile_id,
+            push_account_id=10,
+            bouncer_device_id=1,
+            token_kind=PushDevice.TokenKind.FCM,
+            push_public_key="n4WTVqj8KH6u0vScRycR4TqRaHhFeJ0POvMb8LCu8iI=",
+        )
+
+    def register_push_device_token(self, user_profile_id: int) -> None:
+        PushDeviceToken.objects.create(
+            user_id=user_profile_id,
+            kind=PushDeviceToken.APNS,
+            token="test-token",
+            ios_app_id="com.zulip.flutter",
+        )
+
     def create_user_notifications_data_object(
         self, *, user_id: int, **kwargs: Any
     ) -> UserMessageNotificationsData:
diff --git a/zerver/tests/test_event_queue.py b/zerver/tests/test_event_queue.py
index c856a46e08..deb708c21d 100644
--- a/zerver/tests/test_event_queue.py
+++ b/zerver/tests/test_event_queue.py
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ from zerver.actions.user_topics import do_set_user_topic_visibility_policy
 from zerver.lib.cache import cache_delete, get_muting_users_cache_key
 from zerver.lib.test_classes import ZulipTestCase
 from zerver.lib.test_helpers import HostRequestMock, dummy_handler, mock_queue_publish
-from zerver.models import Recipient, Subscription, UserProfile, UserTopic
+from zerver.models import PushDevice, Recipient, Subscription, UserProfile, UserTopic
 from zerver.models.streams import get_stream
 from zerver.tornado.event_queue import (
     ClientDescriptor,
@@ -194,6 +194,7 @@ class MissedMessageHookTest(ZulipTestCase):
         do_change_user_setting(
             self.user_profile, "enable_online_push_notifications", False, acting_user=None
         )
+        self.register_push_device(self.user_profile.id)
         self.iago = self.example_user("iago")
         self.client_descriptor = self.allocate_event_queue(self.user_profile)
         self.assertTrue(self.client_descriptor.event_queue.empty())
@@ -306,6 +307,28 @@ class MissedMessageHookTest(ZulipTestCase):
                 already_notified={"email_notified": True, "push_notified": False},
             )
 
+    def test_no_push_device_registered(self) -> None:
+        # When `enable_offline_push_notifications` is `true` but no push device registered,
+        # push notifications should not be sent.
+        do_change_user_setting(
+            self.user_profile, "enable_offline_push_notifications", True, acting_user=None
+        )
+        PushDevice.objects.all().delete()
+        msg_id = self.send_personal_message(self.iago, self.user_profile)
+        with mock.patch("zerver.tornado.event_queue.maybe_enqueue_notifications") as mock_enqueue:
+            missedmessage_hook(self.user_profile.id, self.client_descriptor, True)
+            mock_enqueue.assert_called_once()
+            args_dict = mock_enqueue.call_args_list[0][1]
+
+            self.assert_maybe_enqueue_notifications_call_args(
+                args_dict=args_dict,
+                message_id=msg_id,
+                user_id=self.user_profile.id,
+                dm_email_notify=True,
+                dm_push_notify=False,
+                already_notified={"email_notified": True, "push_notified": False},
+            )
+
     def test_topic_wildcard_mention(self) -> None:
         # By default, topic wildcard mentions should send notifications, just like regular mentions
         self.send_stream_message(self.user_profile, "Denmark")
diff --git a/zerver/tests/test_handle_push_notification.py b/zerver/tests/test_handle_push_notification.py
index 598bf3d8e9..aa60397ce8 100644
--- a/zerver/tests/test_handle_push_notification.py
+++ b/zerver/tests/test_handle_push_notification.py
@@ -875,6 +875,7 @@ class HandlePushNotificationTest(PushNotificationTestCase):
         othello = self.example_user("othello")
         cordelia = self.example_user("cordelia")
         zulip_realm = get_realm("zulip")
+        self.register_push_device_token(self.user_profile.id)
 
         # user groups having upto 'MAX_GROUP_SIZE_FOR_MENTION_REACTIVATION'
         # members are small user groups.
diff --git a/zerver/tests/test_message_edit_notifications.py b/zerver/tests/test_message_edit_notifications.py
index 661e0d0be8..a65bb13237 100644
--- a/zerver/tests/test_message_edit_notifications.py
+++ b/zerver/tests/test_message_edit_notifications.py
@@ -3,19 +3,26 @@ from typing import Any
 from unittest import mock
 
 from django.utils.timezone import now as timezone_now
+from typing_extensions import override
 
 from zerver.actions.user_settings import do_change_user_setting
 from zerver.actions.user_topics import do_set_user_topic_visibility_policy
 from zerver.lib.push_notifications import get_apns_badge_count, get_apns_badge_count_future
 from zerver.lib.test_classes import ZulipTestCase
 from zerver.lib.test_helpers import mock_queue_publish
-from zerver.models import Subscription, UserPresence, UserTopic
+from zerver.models import PushDevice, Subscription, UserPresence, UserTopic
 from zerver.models.scheduled_jobs import NotificationTriggers
 from zerver.models.streams import get_stream
 from zerver.tornado.event_queue import maybe_enqueue_notifications
 
 
 class EditMessageSideEffectsTest(ZulipTestCase):
+    @override
+    def setUp(self) -> None:
+        super().setUp()
+        cordelia = self.example_user("cordelia")
+        self.register_push_device(cordelia.id)
+
     def _assert_update_does_not_notify_anybody(self, message_id: int, content: str) -> None:
         url = "/json/messages/" + str(message_id)
 
@@ -223,6 +230,37 @@ class EditMessageSideEffectsTest(ZulipTestCase):
         updated_content = "re-mention @**Cordelia, Lear's daughter**"
         self._send_and_update_message(original_content, updated_content, expect_short_circuit=True)
 
+    def test_no_push_device_registered(self) -> None:
+        cordelia = self.example_user("cordelia")
+        hamlet = self.example_user("hamlet")
+
+        # We're interested to test the push notification behaviour when
+        # the user has no push device registered. Disable email notification.
+        do_change_user_setting(
+            cordelia, "enable_offline_email_notifications", False, acting_user=None
+        )
+        self.assertTrue(cordelia.enable_offline_push_notifications)
+        PushDevice.objects.all().delete()
+
+        original_content = "no mention"
+        updated_content = "now we mention @**Cordelia, Lear's daughter**"
+        notification_message_data = self._send_and_update_message(original_content, updated_content)
+
+        message_id = notification_message_data["message_id"]
+        info = notification_message_data["info"]
+
+        expected_enqueue_kwargs = self.get_maybe_enqueue_notifications_parameters(
+            user_id=cordelia.id,
+            acting_user_id=hamlet.id,
+            message_id=message_id,
+            mention_email_notify=False,
+            mention_push_notify=False,
+            already_notified={},
+        )
+
+        self.assertEqual(info["enqueue_kwargs"], expected_enqueue_kwargs)
+        self.assert_length(info["queue_messages"], 0)
+
     def _turn_on_stream_push_for_cordelia(self) -> None:
         """
         conventions:
@@ -632,6 +670,7 @@ class EditMessageSideEffectsTest(ZulipTestCase):
         self, mock_push_notifications: mock.MagicMock
     ) -> None:
         mentioned_user = self.example_user("iago")
+        self.register_push_device(mentioned_user.id)
         self.assertEqual(get_apns_badge_count(mentioned_user), 0)
         self.assertEqual(get_apns_badge_count_future(mentioned_user), 0)
 
@@ -677,6 +716,7 @@ class EditMessageSideEffectsTest(ZulipTestCase):
         mentioned_user = self.example_user("iago")
         mentioned_user.enable_stream_push_notifications = True
         mentioned_user.save()
+        self.register_push_device(mentioned_user.id)
 
         self.assertEqual(get_apns_badge_count(mentioned_user), 0)
         self.assertEqual(get_apns_badge_count_future(mentioned_user), 0)
diff --git a/zerver/tests/test_message_flags.py b/zerver/tests/test_message_flags.py
index 5b73c06cd0..e1fe588b63 100644
--- a/zerver/tests/test_message_flags.py
+++ b/zerver/tests/test_message_flags.py
@@ -172,18 +172,22 @@ class UnreadCountTests(ZulipTestCase):
     @override
     def setUp(self) -> None:
         super().setUp()
-        with mock.patch(
-            "zerver.lib.push_notifications.push_notifications_configured", return_value=True
-        ) as mock_push_notifications_configured:
+        hamlet = self.example_user("hamlet")
+        self.register_push_device(hamlet.id)
+        with (
+            mock.patch(
+                "zerver.lib.push_notifications.send_push_notifications"
+            ) as mock_send_push_notifications,
+            mock.patch(
+                "zerver.lib.push_notifications.push_notifications_configured", return_value=True
+            ) as mock_push_notifications_configured,
+        ):
             self.unread_msg_ids = [
-                self.send_personal_message(
-                    self.example_user("iago"), self.example_user("hamlet"), "hello"
-                ),
-                self.send_personal_message(
-                    self.example_user("iago"), self.example_user("hamlet"), "hello2"
-                ),
+                self.send_personal_message(self.example_user("iago"), hamlet, "hello"),
+                self.send_personal_message(self.example_user("iago"), hamlet, "hello2"),
             ]
             mock_push_notifications_configured.assert_called()
+            mock_send_push_notifications.assert_called()
 
     # Sending a new message results in unread UserMessages being created
     # for users other than sender.
@@ -858,11 +862,13 @@ class PushNotificationMarkReadFlowsTest(ZulipTestCase):
             .values_list("message_id", flat=True)
         )
 
+    @mock.patch("zerver.lib.push_notifications.send_push_notifications")
     @mock.patch("zerver.lib.push_notifications.push_notifications_configured", return_value=True)
     def test_track_active_mobile_push_notifications(
-        self, mock_push_notifications: mock.MagicMock
+        self,
+        mock_push_notifications: mock.MagicMock,
+        mock_send_push_notifications: mock.MagicMock,
     ) -> None:
-        mock_push_notifications.return_value = True
         self.login("hamlet")
         user_profile = self.example_user("hamlet")
         cordelia = self.example_user("cordelia")
@@ -870,6 +876,7 @@ class PushNotificationMarkReadFlowsTest(ZulipTestCase):
         self.subscribe(cordelia, "test_stream")
         second_stream = self.subscribe(user_profile, "second_stream")
         self.subscribe(cordelia, "second_stream")
+        self.register_push_device(user_profile.id)
 
         property_name = "push_notifications"
         result = self.api_post(
@@ -942,6 +949,7 @@ class PushNotificationMarkReadFlowsTest(ZulipTestCase):
             result = self.client_post("/json/mark_all_as_read", {})
         self.assertEqual(self.get_mobile_push_notification_ids(user_profile), [])
         mock_push_notifications.assert_called()
+        mock_send_push_notifications.assert_called()
 
 
 class MarkAllAsReadEndpointTest(ZulipTestCase):
diff --git a/zerver/tests/test_notification_data.py b/zerver/tests/test_notification_data.py
index a36f72bb27..42be24cc65 100644
--- a/zerver/tests/test_notification_data.py
+++ b/zerver/tests/test_notification_data.py
@@ -366,6 +366,7 @@ class TestNotificationData(ZulipTestCase):
                 followed_topic_push_user_ids=set(),
                 topic_wildcard_mention_in_followed_topic_user_ids=set(),
                 stream_wildcard_mention_in_followed_topic_user_ids=set(),
+                push_device_registered_user_ids=set(),
             )
             self.assertEqual(user_data.is_notifiable(acting_user_id=1000, idle=True), notifiable)
 
@@ -474,3 +475,39 @@ class TestNotificationData(ZulipTestCase):
                 cordelia.id: hamlet_and_cordelia.id,
             },
         )
+
+    def test_push_notifiability_when_no_push_device_registered(self) -> None:
+        user_data = UserMessageNotificationsData.from_user_id_sets(
+            user_id=9,
+            flags=[
+                "mentioned",
+                "topic_wildcard_mentioned",
+                "stream_wildcard_mentioned",
+                "topic_wildcard_mentioned",
+                "stream_wildcard_mentioned",
+            ],
+            private_message=False,
+            disable_external_notifications=False,
+            online_push_user_ids={9},
+            dm_mention_email_disabled_user_ids=set(),
+            dm_mention_push_disabled_user_ids=set(),
+            all_bot_user_ids=set(),
+            muted_sender_user_ids=set(),
+            stream_email_user_ids=set(),
+            stream_push_user_ids={9},
+            topic_wildcard_mention_user_ids={9},
+            stream_wildcard_mention_user_ids={9},
+            followed_topic_email_user_ids=set(),
+            followed_topic_push_user_ids={9},
+            topic_wildcard_mention_in_followed_topic_user_ids={9},
+            stream_wildcard_mention_in_followed_topic_user_ids={9},
+            push_device_registered_user_ids=set(),
+        )
+
+        self.assertFalse(user_data.online_push_enabled)
+        self.assertFalse(user_data.stream_push_notify)
+        self.assertFalse(user_data.topic_wildcard_mention_push_notify)
+        self.assertFalse(user_data.stream_wildcard_mention_push_notify)
+        self.assertFalse(user_data.followed_topic_push_notify)
+        self.assertFalse(user_data.topic_wildcard_mention_in_followed_topic_push_notify)
+        self.assertFalse(user_data.stream_wildcard_mention_in_followed_topic_push_notify)
diff --git a/zerver/tests/test_push_notifications.py b/zerver/tests/test_push_notifications.py
index ba6f3c4d60..ec997396b0 100644
--- a/zerver/tests/test_push_notifications.py
+++ b/zerver/tests/test_push_notifications.py
@@ -1408,9 +1408,13 @@ class TestAPNs(PushNotificationTestCase):
                 logger.output,
             )
 
+    @mock.patch("zerver.lib.push_notifications.send_push_notifications_legacy")
     @mock.patch("zerver.lib.push_notifications.push_notifications_configured", return_value=True)
-    def test_apns_badge_count(self, mock_push_notifications: mock.MagicMock) -> None:
+    def test_apns_badge_count(
+        self, mock_push_notifications: mock.MagicMock, mock_send_push_notifications: mock.MagicMock
+    ) -> None:
         user_profile = self.example_user("othello")
+        self.register_push_device_token(user_profile.id)
         # Test APNs badge count for personal messages.
         message_ids = [
             self.send_personal_message(self.sender, user_profile, "Content of message")
@@ -1439,6 +1443,7 @@ class TestAPNs(PushNotificationTestCase):
             self.assertEqual(get_apns_badge_count_future(user_profile), num_messages - i - 1)
 
         mock_push_notifications.assert_called()
+        mock_send_push_notifications.assert_called()
 
 
 class TestGetAPNsPayload(PushNotificationTestCase):
@@ -1516,11 +1521,15 @@ class TestGetAPNsPayload(PushNotificationTestCase):
         }
         self.assertDictEqual(payload, expected)
 
+    @mock.patch("zerver.lib.push_notifications.send_push_notifications_legacy")
     @mock.patch("zerver.lib.push_notifications.push_notifications_configured", return_value=True)
     def test_get_message_payload_apns_group_direct_message(
-        self, mock_push_notifications: mock.MagicMock
+        self,
+        mock_push_notifications: mock.MagicMock,
+        mock_send_push_notifications: mock.MagicMock,
     ) -> None:
         user_profile = self.example_user("othello")
+        self.register_push_device_token(user_profile.id)
         message_id = self.send_group_direct_message(
             self.sender, [self.example_user("othello"), self.example_user("cordelia")]
         )
@@ -1558,6 +1567,7 @@ class TestGetAPNsPayload(PushNotificationTestCase):
         }
         self.assertDictEqual(payload, expected)
         mock_push_notifications.assert_called()
+        mock_send_push_notifications.assert_called()
 
     def _test_get_message_payload_apns_stream_message(
         self, trigger: str, empty_string_topic: bool = False
diff --git a/zerver/tests/test_users.py b/zerver/tests/test_users.py
index 17f5481462..754bda7e9d 100644
--- a/zerver/tests/test_users.py
+++ b/zerver/tests/test_users.py
@@ -2348,6 +2348,7 @@ class RecipientInfoTest(ZulipTestCase):
             all_bot_user_ids=set(),
             topic_participant_user_ids=set(),
             sender_muted_stream=False,
+            push_device_registered_user_ids=set(),
         )
 
         self.assertEqual(info, expected_info)
diff --git a/zerver/tornado/event_queue.py b/zerver/tornado/event_queue.py
index da8b431b84..8c5479170f 100644
--- a/zerver/tornado/event_queue.py
+++ b/zerver/tornado/event_queue.py
@@ -1122,6 +1122,7 @@ def process_message_event(
     )
     muted_sender_user_ids = set(event_template.get("muted_sender_user_ids", []))
     all_bot_user_ids = set(event_template.get("all_bot_user_ids", []))
+    push_device_registered_user_ids = set(event_template.get("push_device_registered_user_ids", []))
     disable_external_notifications = event_template.get("disable_external_notifications", False)
     user_ids_without_access_to_sender = set(
         event_template.get("user_ids_without_access_to_sender", [])
@@ -1192,6 +1193,7 @@ def process_message_event(
             stream_wildcard_mention_in_followed_topic_user_ids=stream_wildcard_mention_in_followed_topic_user_ids,
             muted_sender_user_ids=muted_sender_user_ids,
             all_bot_user_ids=all_bot_user_ids,
+            push_device_registered_user_ids=push_device_registered_user_ids,
         )
 
         # Calling asdict would be slow, as it does a deep copy; pull
@@ -1401,6 +1403,7 @@ def process_message_update_event(
     )
     muted_sender_user_ids = set(event_template.pop("muted_sender_user_ids", []))
     all_bot_user_ids = set(event_template.pop("all_bot_user_ids", []))
+    push_device_registered_user_ids = set(event_template.pop("push_device_registered_user_ids", []))
     disable_external_notifications = event_template.pop("disable_external_notifications", False)
     online_push_user_ids = set(event_template.pop("online_push_user_ids", []))
     stream_name = event_template.get("stream_name")
@@ -1445,6 +1448,7 @@ def process_message_update_event(
                 stream_wildcard_mention_in_followed_topic_user_ids=stream_wildcard_mention_in_followed_topic_user_ids,
                 muted_sender_user_ids=muted_sender_user_ids,
                 all_bot_user_ids=all_bot_user_ids,
+                push_device_registered_user_ids=push_device_registered_user_ids,
             )
 
             maybe_enqueue_notifications_for_message_update(