import base64
import logging
import re
from email.headerregistry import Address
from typing import Any

import dns.resolver
import orjson
from altcha import verify_solution
from django import forms
from django.conf import settings
from django.contrib.auth import authenticate, password_validation
from django.contrib.auth.forms import AuthenticationForm, PasswordResetForm, SetPasswordForm
from django.contrib.auth.tokens import PasswordResetTokenGenerator, default_token_generator
from django.core.exceptions import ValidationError
from django.core.validators import validate_email
from django.forms.renderers import BaseRenderer
from django.http import HttpRequest
from django.utils.html import format_html
from django.utils.safestring import SafeString
from django.utils.translation import gettext as _
from django.utils.translation import gettext_lazy
from markupsafe import Markup
from two_factor.forms import AuthenticationTokenForm as TwoFactorAuthenticationTokenForm
from two_factor.utils import totp_digits
from typing_extensions import override

from zerver.actions.user_settings import do_change_password
from zerver.actions.users import do_send_password_reset_email
from zerver.lib.email_validation import (
    email_allowed_for_realm,
    email_reserved_for_system_bots_error,
    validate_is_not_disposable,
)
from zerver.lib.exceptions import JsonableError, RateLimitedError
from zerver.lib.i18n import get_language_list
from zerver.lib.name_restrictions import is_reserved_subdomain
from zerver.lib.rate_limiter import RateLimitedObject, rate_limit_request_by_ip
from zerver.lib.subdomains import get_subdomain, is_root_domain_available
from zerver.lib.users import check_full_name
from zerver.models import PreregistrationRealm, Realm, UserProfile
from zerver.models.realm_audit_logs import RealmAuditLog
from zerver.models.realms import (
    DisposableEmailError,
    DomainNotAllowedForRealmError,
    EmailContainsPlusError,
    get_realm,
)
from zerver.models.users import get_user_by_delivery_email, is_cross_realm_bot_email
from zproject.backends import (
    check_password_strength,
    email_auth_enabled,
    email_belongs_to_ldap,
    password_auth_enabled,
)

# We don't mark this error for translation, because it's displayed
# only to MIT users.
MIT_VALIDATION_ERROR = Markup(
    "That user does not exist at MIT or is a"
    ' <a href="https://ist.mit.edu/email-lists">mailing list</a>.'
    " If you want to sign up an alias for Zulip,"
    ' <a href="mailto:support@zulip.com">contact us</a>.'
)

INVALID_ACCOUNT_CREDENTIALS_ERROR = gettext_lazy("Incorrect email or password.")
DEACTIVATED_ACCOUNT_ERROR = gettext_lazy(
    "Your account {username} has been deactivated."
    " Please contact your organization administrator to reactivate it."
)
PASSWORD_TOO_WEAK_ERROR = gettext_lazy("The password is too weak.")


def email_is_not_mit_mailing_list(email: str) -> None:
    """Prevent MIT mailing lists from signing up for Zulip"""
    address = Address(addr_spec=email)
    if address.domain == "mit.edu":
        # Check whether the user exists and can get mail.
        try:
            dns.resolver.resolve(f"{address.username}.pobox.ns.athena.mit.edu", "TXT")
        except dns.resolver.NXDOMAIN:
            # This error is Markup only because 1. it needs to render HTML
            # 2. It's not formatted with any user input.
            raise ValidationError(MIT_VALIDATION_ERROR)


class OverridableValidationError(ValidationError):
    pass


def check_subdomain_available(subdomain: str, allow_reserved_subdomain: bool = False) -> None:
    error_strings = {
        "too short": _("Subdomain needs to have length 3 or greater."),
        "extremal dash": _("Subdomain cannot start or end with a '-'."),
        "bad character": _("Subdomain can only have lowercase letters, numbers, and '-'s."),
        "unavailable": _("Subdomain is already in use. Please choose a different one."),
        "reserved": _("Subdomain reserved. Please choose a different one."),
    }

    if subdomain == Realm.SUBDOMAIN_FOR_ROOT_DOMAIN:
        if is_root_domain_available():
            return
        raise ValidationError(error_strings["unavailable"])
    if subdomain[0] == "-" or subdomain[-1] == "-":
        raise ValidationError(error_strings["extremal dash"])
    if not re.match(r"^[a-z0-9-]*$", subdomain):
        raise ValidationError(error_strings["bad character"])
    if len(subdomain) < 3:
        raise ValidationError(error_strings["too short"])
    if Realm.objects.filter(string_id=subdomain).exists():
        raise ValidationError(error_strings["unavailable"])
    if is_reserved_subdomain(subdomain) and not allow_reserved_subdomain:
        raise OverridableValidationError(
            error_strings["reserved"],
            "Pass --allow-reserved-subdomain to override",
        )


def email_not_system_bot(email: str) -> None:
    if is_cross_realm_bot_email(email):
        msg = email_reserved_for_system_bots_error(email)
        code = msg
        raise ValidationError(
            msg,
            code=code,
            params=dict(deactivated=False),
        )


def email_is_not_disposable(email: str) -> None:
    try:
        validate_is_not_disposable(email)
    except DisposableEmailError:
        raise ValidationError(_("Please use your real email address."))


class RealmDetailsForm(forms.Form):
    realm_subdomain = forms.CharField(max_length=Realm.MAX_REALM_SUBDOMAIN_LENGTH, required=False)
    realm_type = forms.TypedChoiceField(
        coerce=int, choices=[(t["id"], t["name"]) for t in Realm.ORG_TYPES.values()]
    )
    realm_default_language = forms.ChoiceField(choices=[])
    realm_name = forms.CharField(max_length=Realm.MAX_REALM_NAME_LENGTH)

    def __init__(self, *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> None:
        # Since the superclass doesn't accept random extra kwargs, we
        # remove it from the kwargs dict before initializing.
        self.realm_creation = kwargs["realm_creation"]
        del kwargs["realm_creation"]

        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
        self.fields["realm_default_language"] = forms.ChoiceField(
            choices=[(lang["code"], lang["name"]) for lang in get_language_list()],
        )

    def clean_realm_subdomain(self) -> str:
        if not self.realm_creation:
            # This field is only used if realm_creation
            return ""

        subdomain = self.cleaned_data["realm_subdomain"]
        if "realm_in_root_domain" in self.data:
            subdomain = Realm.SUBDOMAIN_FOR_ROOT_DOMAIN

        check_subdomain_available(subdomain)
        return subdomain


class RegistrationForm(RealmDetailsForm):
    MAX_PASSWORD_LENGTH = 100
    full_name = forms.CharField(max_length=UserProfile.MAX_NAME_LENGTH)
    # The required-ness of the password field gets overridden if it isn't
    # actually required for a realm
    password = forms.CharField(widget=forms.PasswordInput, max_length=MAX_PASSWORD_LENGTH)
    is_demo_organization = forms.BooleanField(required=False)
    enable_marketing_emails = forms.BooleanField(required=False)
    email_address_visibility = forms.TypedChoiceField(
        required=False,
        coerce=int,
        empty_value=None,
        choices=list(UserProfile.EMAIL_ADDRESS_VISIBILITY_ID_TO_NAME_MAP.items()),
    )

    def __init__(self, *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> None:
        # Since the superclass doesn't except random extra kwargs, we
        # remove it from the kwargs dict before initializing.
        self.realm_creation = kwargs["realm_creation"]
        self.realm = kwargs.pop("realm", None)

        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
        if settings.TERMS_OF_SERVICE_VERSION is not None:
            self.fields["terms"] = forms.BooleanField(required=True)
        self.fields["realm_name"] = forms.CharField(
            max_length=Realm.MAX_REALM_NAME_LENGTH, required=self.realm_creation
        )
        self.fields["realm_type"] = forms.TypedChoiceField(
            coerce=int,
            choices=[(t["id"], t["name"]) for t in Realm.ORG_TYPES.values()],
            required=self.realm_creation,
        )
        self.fields["realm_default_language"] = forms.ChoiceField(
            choices=[(lang["code"], lang["name"]) for lang in get_language_list()],
            required=self.realm_creation,
        )
        self.fields["how_realm_creator_found_zulip"] = forms.ChoiceField(
            choices=RealmAuditLog.HOW_REALM_CREATOR_FOUND_ZULIP_OPTIONS.items(),
            required=self.realm_creation,
        )
        self.fields["how_realm_creator_found_zulip_other_text"] = forms.CharField(
            max_length=100, required=False
        )
        self.fields["how_realm_creator_found_zulip_where_ad"] = forms.CharField(
            max_length=100, required=False
        )
        self.fields["how_realm_creator_found_zulip_which_organization"] = forms.CharField(
            max_length=100, required=False
        )
        self.fields["how_realm_creator_found_zulip_review_site"] = forms.CharField(
            max_length=100, required=False
        )

    def clean_full_name(self) -> str:
        try:
            return check_full_name(
                full_name_raw=self.cleaned_data["full_name"], user_profile=None, realm=self.realm
            )
        except JsonableError as e:
            raise ValidationError(e.msg)

    def clean_password(self) -> str:
        password = self.cleaned_data["password"]
        if self.fields["password"].required and not check_password_strength(password):
            # The frontend code tries to stop the user from submitting the form with a weak password,
            # but if the user bypasses that protection, this error code path will run.
            raise ValidationError(str(PASSWORD_TOO_WEAK_ERROR))

        return password


class ToSForm(forms.Form):
    terms = forms.BooleanField(required=False)
    enable_marketing_emails = forms.BooleanField(required=False)
    email_address_visibility = forms.TypedChoiceField(
        required=False,
        coerce=int,
        empty_value=None,
        choices=list(UserProfile.EMAIL_ADDRESS_VISIBILITY_ID_TO_NAME_MAP.items()),
    )

    def __init__(self, *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> None:
        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
        if settings.TERMS_OF_SERVICE_VERSION is not None:
            self.fields["terms"] = forms.BooleanField(required=True)


class HomepageForm(forms.Form):
    email = forms.EmailField()

    def __init__(self, *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> None:
        self.realm = kwargs.pop("realm", None)
        self.from_multiuse_invite = kwargs.pop("from_multiuse_invite", False)
        self.require_password_backend = kwargs.pop("require_password_backend", False)
        self.invited_as = kwargs.pop("invited_as", None)
        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)

    def clean_email(self) -> str:
        """Returns the email if and only if the user's email address is
        allowed to join the realm they are trying to join."""
        email = self.cleaned_data["email"]

        # Otherwise, the user is trying to join a specific realm.
        realm = self.realm
        from_multiuse_invite = self.from_multiuse_invite

        if realm is None:
            raise ValidationError(
                _("The organization you are trying to join using {email} does not exist.").format(
                    email=email
                )
            )

        if not from_multiuse_invite:
            if realm.invite_required:
                raise ValidationError(
                    _(
                        "Please request an invite for {email} from the organization administrator."
                    ).format(email=email)
                )
            if self.require_password_backend and not password_auth_enabled(realm):
                raise ValidationError(
                    _("Can't join the organization: password authentication is not enabled.")
                )

        try:
            email_allowed_for_realm(email, realm)
        except DomainNotAllowedForRealmError:
            raise ValidationError(
                _(
                    "Your email address, {email}, is not in one of the domains "
                    "that are allowed to register for accounts in this organization."
                ).format(email=email)
            )
        except DisposableEmailError:
            raise ValidationError(_("Please use your real email address."))
        except EmailContainsPlusError:
            raise ValidationError(
                _("Email addresses containing + are not allowed in this organization.")
            )

        if realm.is_zephyr_mirror_realm:
            email_is_not_mit_mailing_list(email)

        if settings.BILLING_ENABLED:
            from corporate.lib.registration import (
                check_spare_licenses_available_for_registering_new_user,
            )
            from corporate.lib.stripe import LicenseLimitError

            role = self.invited_as if self.invited_as is not None else UserProfile.ROLE_MEMBER
            try:
                check_spare_licenses_available_for_registering_new_user(realm, email, role=role)
            except LicenseLimitError:
                raise ValidationError(
                    _(
                        "New members cannot join this organization because all Zulip licenses are in use. Please contact the person who "
                        "invited you and ask them to increase the number of licenses, then try again."
                    )
                )

        return email


class ImportRealmOwnerSelectionForm(forms.Form):
    user_id = forms.IntegerField()


class RealmCreationForm(RealmDetailsForm):
    # This form determines whether users can create a new realm.
    email = forms.EmailField(validators=[email_not_system_bot, email_is_not_disposable])
    import_from = forms.ChoiceField(
        choices=PreregistrationRealm.IMPORT_FROM_CHOICES,
        required=False,
    )

    def __init__(self, *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> None:
        kwargs["realm_creation"] = True
        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)

    def clean_import_from(self) -> str:
        # Convert "" to "none".
        return self.cleaned_data["import_from"] or "none"


class AltchaWidget(forms.TextInput):
    @override
    def render(
        self,
        name: str,
        value: Any,
        attrs: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
        renderer: BaseRenderer | None = None,
    ) -> SafeString:
        return format_html(
            (
                "<altcha-widget"
                '  name="captcha"'
                '  challengeurl="/json/antispam_challenge"'
                "  hidelogo"
                "  hidefooter"
                '  floating="bottom"'
                "  refetchonexpire"
                '  style="{}"'
                '  strings="{}"'
                ">"
            ),
            "--altcha-max-width: 300px;",
            orjson.dumps(
                {
                    "verified": _("Verified that you're a human user!"),
                    "verifying": _("Verifying that you're not a bot..."),
                }
            ).decode(),
        )


class CaptchaRealmCreationForm(RealmCreationForm):
    captcha = forms.CharField(required=True, widget=AltchaWidget)

    def __init__(
        self,
        *,
        request: HttpRequest,
        data: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
        initial: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
    ) -> None:
        super().__init__(data=data, initial=initial)
        self.request = request

    @override
    def clean(self) -> None:
        if not self.data.get("captcha"):
            self.add_error("captcha", _("Validation failed, please try again."))

    def clean_captcha(self) -> str:
        payload = self.data.get("captcha", "")

        try:
            ok, err = verify_solution(payload, settings.ALTCHA_HMAC_KEY, check_expires=True)
            if not ok:
                logging.warning("Invalid altcha solution: %s", err)
                raise forms.ValidationError(_("Validation failed, please try again."))
        except forms.ValidationError:
            raise
        except Exception as e:
            logging.exception(e)
            raise forms.ValidationError(_("Validation failed, please try again."))

        payload = orjson.loads(base64.b64decode(payload))
        challenge = payload["challenge"]
        session_challenges = [e[0] for e in self.request.session.get("altcha_challenges", [])]
        if challenge not in session_challenges:
            logging.warning("Expired or replayed altcha solution")
            raise forms.ValidationError(_("Validation failed, please try again."))

        # Remove the successful solve from the session, to prevent replay
        self.request.session["altcha_challenges"] = [
            e for e in self.request.session.get("altcha_challenges", []) if e[0] != challenge
        ]

        return payload


class LoggingSetPasswordForm(SetPasswordForm[UserProfile]):
    new_password1 = forms.CharField(
        label=_("New password"),
        widget=forms.PasswordInput(attrs={"autocomplete": "new-password"}),
        strip=False,
        help_text=password_validation.password_validators_help_text_html(),
        max_length=RegistrationForm.MAX_PASSWORD_LENGTH,
    )
    new_password2 = forms.CharField(
        label=_("New password confirmation"),
        strip=False,
        widget=forms.PasswordInput(attrs={"autocomplete": "new-password"}),
        max_length=RegistrationForm.MAX_PASSWORD_LENGTH,
    )

    def clean_new_password1(self) -> str:
        new_password = self.cleaned_data["new_password1"]
        if not check_password_strength(new_password):
            # The frontend code tries to stop the user from submitting the form with a weak password,
            # but if the user bypasses that protection, this error code path will run.
            raise ValidationError(str(PASSWORD_TOO_WEAK_ERROR))

        return new_password

    @override
    def save(self, commit: bool = True) -> UserProfile:
        do_change_password(self.user, self.cleaned_data["new_password1"], commit=commit)
        return self.user


class ZulipPasswordResetForm(PasswordResetForm):
    @override
    def save(
        self,
        domain_override: str | None = None,
        subject_template_name: str = "registration/password_reset_subject.txt",
        email_template_name: str = "registration/password_reset_email.html",
        use_https: bool = False,
        token_generator: PasswordResetTokenGenerator = default_token_generator,
        from_email: str | None = None,
        request: HttpRequest | None = None,
        html_email_template_name: str | None = None,
        extra_email_context: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
    ) -> None:
        """
        If the email address has an account in the target realm,
        generates a one-use only link for resetting password and sends
        to the user.

        We send a different email if an associated account does not exist in the
        database, or an account does exist, but not in the realm.

        Note: We ignore protocol and the various email template arguments (those
        are an artifact of using Django's password reset framework).
        """
        email = self.cleaned_data["email"]
        # The form is only used in zerver.views.auth.password_rest, we know that
        # the request must not be None
        assert request is not None

        realm = get_realm(get_subdomain(request))

        if not email_auth_enabled(realm):
            logging.info(
                "Password reset attempted for %s even though password auth is disabled.", email
            )
            return
        if email_belongs_to_ldap(realm, email):
            # TODO: Ideally, we'd provide a user-facing error here
            # about the fact that they aren't allowed to have a
            # password in the Zulip server and should change it in LDAP.
            logging.info("Password reset not allowed for user in LDAP domain")
            return
        if realm.deactivated:
            logging.info("Realm is deactivated")
            return

        if settings.RATE_LIMITING:
            try:
                rate_limit_password_reset_form_by_email(email)
                rate_limit_request_by_ip(request, domain="sends_email_by_ip")
            except RateLimitedError:
                logging.info(
                    "Too many password reset attempts for email %s from %s",
                    email,
                    request.META["REMOTE_ADDR"],
                )
                # The view will handle the RateLimit exception and render an appropriate page
                raise

        try:
            user = get_user_by_delivery_email(email, realm)
        except UserProfile.DoesNotExist:
            user = None

        do_send_password_reset_email(
            email, realm, user, token_generator=token_generator, request=request
        )


class RateLimitedPasswordResetByEmail(RateLimitedObject):
    def __init__(self, email: str) -> None:
        self.email = email
        super().__init__()

    @override
    def key(self) -> str:
        return f"{type(self).__name__}:{self.email}"

    @override
    def rules(self) -> list[tuple[int, int]]:
        return settings.RATE_LIMITING_RULES["password_reset_form_by_email"]


def rate_limit_password_reset_form_by_email(email: str) -> None:
    ratelimited, secs_to_freedom = RateLimitedPasswordResetByEmail(email).rate_limit()
    if ratelimited:
        raise RateLimitedError(secs_to_freedom)


class CreateUserForm(forms.Form):
    full_name = forms.CharField(max_length=100)
    email = forms.EmailField()


class OurAuthenticationForm(AuthenticationForm):
    logger = logging.getLogger("zulip.auth.OurAuthenticationForm")

    @override
    def clean(self) -> dict[str, Any]:
        username = self.cleaned_data.get("username")
        password = self.cleaned_data.get("password")

        if username is not None and password:
            assert self.request is not None
            subdomain = get_subdomain(self.request)
            realm = get_realm(subdomain)

            return_data: dict[str, Any] = {}
            try:
                self.user_cache = authenticate(
                    request=self.request,
                    username=username,
                    password=password,
                    realm=realm,
                    return_data=return_data,
                )
            except RateLimitedError as e:
                assert e.secs_to_freedom is not None
                secs_to_freedom = int(e.secs_to_freedom)
                error_message = _(
                    "You're making too many attempts to sign in."
                    " Try again in {seconds} seconds or contact your organization administrator"
                    " for help."
                )
                raise ValidationError(error_message.format(seconds=secs_to_freedom))

            if return_data.get("inactive_realm"):
                raise AssertionError("Programming error: inactive realm in authentication form")

            if return_data.get("password_reset_needed"):
                raise ValidationError(
                    _(
                        "Your password has been disabled because it is too weak. "
                        "Reset your password to create a new one."
                    )
                )

            if return_data.get("inactive_user") and not return_data.get("is_mirror_dummy"):
                # We exclude mirror dummy accounts here. They should be treated as the
                # user never having had an account, so we let them fall through to the
                # normal invalid_login case below.
                error_message = DEACTIVATED_ACCOUNT_ERROR.format(username=username)
                raise ValidationError(error_message)

            if return_data.get("invalid_subdomain"):
                self.logger.info(
                    "User attempted password login to wrong subdomain %s. Matching accounts: %s",
                    subdomain,
                    return_data.get("matching_user_ids_in_different_realms"),
                )
                # We don't want to leak information by revealing there are matching accounts
                # on different subdomain - so we just fall through to the default error.
                assert self.user_cache is None

            if self.user_cache is None:
                raise forms.ValidationError(
                    INVALID_ACCOUNT_CREDENTIALS_ERROR,
                )

            self.confirm_login_allowed(self.user_cache)

        return self.cleaned_data

    @override
    def add_prefix(self, field_name: str) -> str:
        """Disable prefix, since Zulip doesn't use this Django forms feature
        (and django-two-factor does use it), and we'd like both to be
        happy with this form.
        """
        return field_name


class AuthenticationTokenForm(TwoFactorAuthenticationTokenForm):
    """
    We add this form to update the widget of otp_token. The default
    widget is an input element whose type is a number, which doesn't
    stylistically match our theme.
    """

    otp_token = forms.IntegerField(
        label=_("Token"), min_value=1, max_value=int("9" * totp_digits()), widget=forms.TextInput
    )


class MultiEmailField(forms.Field):
    @override
    def to_python(self, emails: str | None) -> list[str]:
        """Normalize data to a list of strings."""
        if not emails:
            return []

        return [email.strip() for email in emails.split(",")]

    @override
    def validate(self, emails: list[str]) -> None:
        """Check if value consists only of valid emails."""
        super().validate(emails)
        for email in emails:
            validate_email(email)


class FindMyTeamForm(forms.Form):
    emails = MultiEmailField(
        help_text=_("Tip: You can enter multiple email addresses with commas between them.")
    )

    def clean_emails(self) -> list[str]:
        emails = self.cleaned_data["emails"]
        if len(emails) > 10:
            raise forms.ValidationError(_("Please enter at most 10 emails."))

        return emails


class RealmRedirectForm(forms.Form):
    subdomain = forms.CharField(max_length=Realm.MAX_REALM_SUBDOMAIN_LENGTH, required=True)

    def clean_subdomain(self) -> str:
        subdomain = self.cleaned_data["subdomain"]
        try:
            get_realm(subdomain)
        except Realm.DoesNotExist:
            raise ValidationError(_("We couldn't find that Zulip organization."))
        return subdomain