Files
zulip/api_docs/mobile-notifications.md
Prakhar Pratyush 7ebaa9f4e4 push_notifications: Replace pm_users field with recipient_user_ids.
The encrypted push notification payload previously included a `pm_users`
field for group direct messages.

This commit replaces the `pm_users` field with `recipient_user_ids`.
(new name to migrate from the old "private" keyword)

It's a sorted array of all user IDs participating in a 1:1 or group DM
conversation, including both `user_id` and `sender_id`.

* Previously, `pm_users` was included only for group DMs;
`recipient_user_ids` is present for both 1:1 and group DM conversations.

* The old `pm_users` field was a string containing a comma-separated
list of sorted user IDs. `recipient_user_ids` has a more structured
array format.

Signed-off-by: Prakhar Pratyush <prakhar@zulip.com>
2025-11-04 12:21:40 -08:00

4.0 KiB

Mobile notifications

Zulip Server 11.0+ supports end-to-end encryption (E2EE) for mobile push notifications. Mobile push notifications sent by all Zulip servers go through Zulip's mobile push notifications service, which then delivers the notifications through the appropriate platform-specific push notification service (Google's FCM or Apple's APNs). E2EE push notifications ensure that mobile notification message content and metadata is not visible to intermediaries.

Mobile clients that have registered an E2EE push device will receive mobile notifications end-to-end encrypted by their Zulip server.

This page documents the format of the encrypted JSON-format payloads that the client will receive through this protocol. The same encrypted payload formats are used for both Firebase Cloud Messaging (FCM) and Apple Push Notification service (APNs).

Payload examples

New channel message

Sample JSON data that gets encrypted:

{
  "channel_id": 10,
  "channel_name": "Denmark",
  "content": "@test_user_group",
  "mentioned_user_group_id": 41,
  "mentioned_user_group_name": "test_user_group",
  "message_id": 45,
  "realm_name": "Zulip Dev",
  "realm_url": "http://zulip.testserver",
  "recipient_type": "channel",
  "sender_avatar_url": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/818c212b9f8830dfef491b3f7da99a14?d=identicon&version=1",
  "sender_full_name": "aaron",
  "sender_id": 6,
  "time": 1754385395,
  "topic": "test",
  "type": "message",
  "user_id": 10
}
  • The mentioned_user_group_id and mentioned_user_group_name fields are only present for messages that mention a group containing the current user, and triggered a mobile notification because of that group mention. For example, messages that mention both the user directly and a group containing the user, these fields will not be present in the payload, because the direct mention has precedence.

Changes: New in Zulip 11.0 (feature level 413).

New direct message

Sample JSON data that gets encrypted:

{
  "content": "test content",
  "message_id": 46,
  "realm_name": "Zulip Dev",
  "realm_url": "http://zulip.testserver",
  "recipient_type": "direct",
  "recipient_user_ids": [6,10,12,15],
  "sender_avatar_url": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/818c212b9f8830dfef491b3f7da99a14?d=identicon&version=1",
  "sender_full_name": "aaron",
  "sender_id": 6,
  "time": 1754385290,
  "type": "message",
  "user_id": 10
}
  • The recipient_user_ids field is a sorted array of all user IDs in the direct message conversation, including both user_id and sender_id.

Changes: In Zulip 12.0 (feature level 429), replaced the pm_users field with recipient_user_ids. The old pm_users field was only present for group DMs, and was a string containing a comma-separated list of sorted user IDs.

New in Zulip 11.0 (feature level 413).

Remove notifications

When a batch of messages that had previously been included in mobile notifications are marked as read, are deleted, become inaccessible, or otherwise should no longer be displayed to the user, a removal notification is sent.

Sample JSON data that gets encrypted:

{
  "message_ids": [
    31,
    32
  ],
  "realm_name": "Zulip Dev",
  "realm_url": "http://zulip.testserver",
  "type": "remove",
  "user_id": 10
}

Changes: New in Zulip 11.0 (feature level 413).

Test push notification

A user can trigger sending an E2EE test push notification to the user's selected mobile device or all of their mobile devices.

Sample JSON data that gets encrypted:

{
  "realm_name": "Zulip Dev",
  "realm_url": "http://zulip.testserver",
  "time": 1754577820,
  "type": "test",
  "user_id": 10
}

Changes: New in Zulip 11.0 (feature level 420).

Future work

This page will eventually also document the formats of the APNs and FCM payloads wrapping the encrypted content.