Release Zulip Server 4.5.

reindex-textual-data: Provide a tool to reindex all text indices.
The script is added to upgrade steps for 20.04 and Buster because those are the upgrades that cross glibc 2.28, which is most problematic. It will also be called out in the upgrade notes, to catch those that have already done that upgrade.
2025-10-31 12:03:46 +00:00 · 2021-07-25 15:40:46 -07:00 · 2021-07-25 15:36:11 -07:00 · 2021-07-22 17:10:37 -07:00 · 2021-07-22 22:32:34 +00:00 · 2021-07-22 21:31:36 +00:00
6041 changed files with 427961 additions and 756502 deletions
--- a/.browserslistrc
+++ b/.browserslistrc
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+> 0.15%
+> 0.15% in US
+last 2 versions
+Firefox ESR
+not dead
--- a/.codespellignore
+++ b/.codespellignore
@@ -1,27 +0,0 @@
-te
-ans
-pullrequest
-ist
-cros
-wit
-nwe
-circularly
-ned
-ba
-ressemble
-ser
-sur
-hel
-fpr
-alls
-nd
-ot
-womens
-vise
-falsy
-ro
-derails
-forin
-uper
-slac
-couldn
--- a/.editorconfig
+++ b/.editorconfig
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ max_line_length = 100
 [*.{py,pyi}]
 max_line_length = 110

-[*.{md,svg,rb,pp,yaml,yml}]
+[*.{svg,rb,pp,yaml,yml}]
 indent_size = 2

 [package.json]
--- a/.eslintignore
+++ b/.eslintignore
@@ -4,12 +4,11 @@

 /docs/_build
 /static/generated
+/static/third
 /static/webpack-bundles
 /var/*
 !/var/puppeteer
 /var/puppeteer/*
 !/var/puppeteer/test_credentials.d.ts
-/web/generated
-/web/third
 /zulip-current-venv
 /zulip-py3-venv
--- a/.eslintrc.json
+++ b/.eslintrc.json
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 {
-    "root": true,
    "env": {
        "es2020": true,
        "node": true
@@ -8,29 +7,14 @@
        "eslint:recommended",
        "plugin:import/errors",
        "plugin:import/warnings",
-        "plugin:no-jquery/recommended",
-        "plugin:no-jquery/deprecated",
        "plugin:unicorn/recommended",
        "prettier"
    ],
    "parser": "@babel/eslint-parser",
    "parserOptions": {
-        "requireConfigFile": false,
        "warnOnUnsupportedTypeScriptVersion": false,
        "sourceType": "unambiguous"
    },
-    "plugins": ["formatjs", "no-jquery"],
-    "settings": {
-        "formatjs": {
-            "additionalFunctionNames": ["$t", "$t_html"]
-        },
-        "no-jquery": {
-            "collectionReturningPlugins": {
-                "expectOne": "always"
-            },
-            "variablePattern": "^\\$(?!t$|t_html$)."
-        }
-    },
    "reportUnusedDisableDirectives": true,
    "rules": {
        "array-callback-return": "error",
@@ -40,22 +24,18 @@
        "curly": "error",
        "dot-notation": "error",
        "eqeqeq": "error",
-        "formatjs/enforce-default-message": ["error", "literal"],
-        "formatjs/enforce-placeholders": [
-            "error",
-            {"ignoreList": ["b", "code", "em", "i", "kbd", "p", "strong"]}
-        ],
-        "formatjs/no-id": "error",
        "guard-for-in": "error",
        "import/extensions": "error",
        "import/first": "error",
        "import/newline-after-import": "error",
-        "import/no-cycle": ["error", {"ignoreExternal": true}],
-        "import/no-duplicates": "error",
-        "import/no-self-import": "error",
-        "import/no-unresolved": "off",
        "import/no-useless-path-segments": "error",
-        "import/order": ["error", {"alphabetize": {"order": "asc"}, "newlines-between": "always"}],
+        "import/order": [
+            "error",
+            {
+                "alphabetize": {"order": "asc"},
+                "newlines-between": "always"
+            }
+        ],
        "import/unambiguous": "error",
        "lines-around-directive": "error",
        "new-cap": "error",
@@ -66,6 +46,7 @@
        "no-catch-shadow": "error",
        "no-constant-condition": ["error", {"checkLoops": false}],
        "no-div-regex": "error",
+        "no-duplicate-imports": "error",
        "no-else-return": "error",
        "no-eq-null": "error",
        "no-eval": "error",
@@ -73,8 +54,6 @@
        "no-implied-eval": "error",
        "no-inner-declarations": "off",
        "no-iterator": "error",
-        "no-jquery/no-constructor-attributes": "error",
-        "no-jquery/no-parse-html-literal": "error",
        "no-label-var": "error",
        "no-labels": "error",
        "no-loop-func": "error",
@@ -94,18 +73,19 @@
        "no-undef-init": "error",
        "no-unneeded-ternary": ["error", {"defaultAssignment": false}],
        "no-unused-expressions": "error",
-        "no-unused-vars": [
-            "error",
-            {"args": "all", "argsIgnorePattern": "^_", "ignoreRestSiblings": true}
-        ],
        "no-use-before-define": ["error", {"functions": false}],
        "no-useless-concat": "error",
        "no-useless-constructor": "error",
        "no-var": "error",
-        "object-shorthand": ["error", "always", {"avoidExplicitReturnArrows": true}],
+        "object-shorthand": "error",
        "one-var": ["error", "never"],
        "prefer-arrow-callback": "error",
-        "prefer-const": ["error", {"ignoreReadBeforeAssign": true}],
+        "prefer-const": [
+            "error",
+            {
+                "ignoreReadBeforeAssign": true
+            }
+        ],
        "radix": "error",
        "sort-imports": ["error", {"ignoreDeclarationSort": true}],
        "spaced-comment": ["error", "always", {"markers": ["/"]}],
@@ -113,91 +93,70 @@
        "unicorn/consistent-function-scoping": "off",
        "unicorn/explicit-length-check": "off",
        "unicorn/filename-case": "off",
-        "unicorn/no-await-expression-member": "off",
-        "unicorn/no-negated-condition": "off",
+        "unicorn/no-nested-ternary": "off",
        "unicorn/no-null": "off",
        "unicorn/no-process-exit": "off",
        "unicorn/no-useless-undefined": "off",
+        "unicorn/number-literal-case": "off",
        "unicorn/numeric-separators-style": "off",
        "unicorn/prefer-module": "off",
        "unicorn/prefer-node-protocol": "off",
+        "unicorn/prefer-spread": "off",
        "unicorn/prefer-ternary": "off",
-        "unicorn/prefer-top-level-await": "off",
        "unicorn/prevent-abbreviations": "off",
-        "unicorn/switch-case-braces": "off",
        "valid-typeof": ["error", {"requireStringLiterals": true}],
        "yoda": "error"
    },
    "overrides": [
        {
-            "files": ["web/tests/**"],
-            "rules": {
-                "no-jquery/no-selector-prop": "off"
-            }
-        },
-        {
-            "files": ["web/e2e-tests/**"],
+            "files": ["frontend_tests/puppeteer_lib/**", "frontend_tests/puppeteer_tests/**"],
            "globals": {
+                "$": false,
                "zulip_test": false
            }
        },
        {
-            "files": ["web/src/**"],
+            "files": ["static/js/**"],
            "globals": {
                "StripeCheckout": false
            }
        },
        {
            "files": ["**/*.ts"],
-            "extends": [
-                "plugin:@typescript-eslint/recommended",
-                "plugin:@typescript-eslint/recommended-requiring-type-checking",
-                "plugin:@typescript-eslint/strict",
-                "plugin:import/typescript"
-            ],
+            "extends": ["plugin:@typescript-eslint/recommended", "plugin:import/typescript"],
            "parserOptions": {
                "project": "tsconfig.json"
            },
-            "settings": {
-                "import/resolver": {
-                    "node": {
-                        "extensions": [".ts", ".d.ts", ".js"] // https://github.com/import-js/eslint-plugin-import/issues/2267
-                    }
-                }
-            },
-            "globals": {
-                "JQuery": false
-            },
            "rules": {
                // Disable base rule to avoid conflict
-                "no-use-before-define": "off",
+                "no-duplicate-imports": "off",
+                "no-unused-vars": "off",
+                "no-useless-constructor": "off",

-                "@typescript-eslint/consistent-type-assertions": [
-                    "error",
-                    {"assertionStyle": "never"}
-                ],
-                "@typescript-eslint/consistent-type-definitions": ["error", "type"],
+                "@typescript-eslint/array-type": "error",
+                "@typescript-eslint/await-thenable": "error",
+                "@typescript-eslint/consistent-type-assertions": "error",
                "@typescript-eslint/consistent-type-imports": "error",
                "@typescript-eslint/explicit-function-return-type": [
                    "error",
                    {"allowExpressions": true}
                ],
                "@typescript-eslint/member-ordering": "error",
+                "@typescript-eslint/no-duplicate-imports": "off",
+                "@typescript-eslint/no-explicit-any": "off",
+                "@typescript-eslint/no-extraneous-class": "error",
                "@typescript-eslint/no-non-null-assertion": "off",
-                "@typescript-eslint/no-unnecessary-condition": "off",
+                "@typescript-eslint/no-parameter-properties": "error",
                "@typescript-eslint/no-unnecessary-qualifier": "error",
-                "@typescript-eslint/no-unsafe-argument": "off",
-                "@typescript-eslint/no-unsafe-assignment": "off",
-                "@typescript-eslint/no-unsafe-call": "off",
-                "@typescript-eslint/no-unsafe-member-access": "off",
-                "@typescript-eslint/no-unsafe-return": "off",
-                "@typescript-eslint/no-unused-vars": [
-                    "error",
-                    {"args": "all", "argsIgnorePattern": "^_", "ignoreRestSiblings": true}
-                ],
-                "@typescript-eslint/no-use-before-define": ["error", {"functions": false}],
-                "@typescript-eslint/parameter-properties": "error",
+                "@typescript-eslint/no-unnecessary-type-assertion": "error",
+                "@typescript-eslint/no-unused-vars": ["error", {"varsIgnorePattern": "^_"}],
+                "@typescript-eslint/no-use-before-define": "error",
+                "@typescript-eslint/no-useless-constructor": "error",
+                "@typescript-eslint/prefer-includes": "error",
+                "@typescript-eslint/prefer-regexp-exec": "error",
+                "@typescript-eslint/prefer-string-starts-ends-with": "error",
                "@typescript-eslint/promise-function-async": "error",
+                "@typescript-eslint/unified-signatures": "error",
                "no-undef": "error"
            }
        },
@@ -208,7 +167,7 @@
            }
        },
        {
-            "files": ["web/e2e-tests/**", "web/tests/**"],
+            "files": ["frontend_tests/**"],
            "globals": {
                "CSS": false,
                "document": false,
@@ -216,14 +175,11 @@
                "window": false
            },
            "rules": {
-                "formatjs/no-id": "off",
-                "new-cap": "off",
-                "no-sync": "off",
-                "unicorn/prefer-prototype-methods": "off"
+                "no-sync": "off"
            }
        },
        {
-            "files": ["web/debug-require.js"],
+            "files": ["tools/debug-require.js"],
            "env": {
                "browser": true,
                "es2020": false
@@ -237,27 +193,20 @@
            }
        },
        {
-            "files": ["web/shared/**", "web/src/**", "web/third/**"],
+            "files": ["static/**"],
            "env": {
                "browser": true,
                "node": false
            },
-            "globals": {
-                "ZULIP_VERSION": false
-            },
            "rules": {
                "no-console": "error"
            },
            "settings": {
-                "import/resolver": {
-                    "webpack": {
-                        "config": "./web/webpack.config.ts"
-                    }
-                }
+                "import/resolver": "webpack"
            }
        },
        {
-            "files": ["web/shared/**"],
+            "files": ["static/shared/**"],
            "env": {
                "browser": false,
                "shared-node-browser": true
@@ -268,14 +217,13 @@
                    {
                        "zones": [
                            {
-                                "target": "./web/shared",
+                                "target": "./static/shared",
                                "from": ".",
-                                "except": ["./node_modules", "./web/shared"]
+                                "except": ["./node_modules", "./static/shared"]
                            }
                        ]
                    }
-                ],
-                "unicorn/prefer-string-replace-all": "off"
+                ]
            }
        }
    ]
--- a/.gitattributes
+++ b/.gitattributes
@@ -1,19 +1,4 @@
-# DIFFS: Noise suppression.
-#
-# Suppress noisy generated files in diffs.
-# (When you actually want to see these diffs, use `git diff -a`.)
-
-# Large test fixtures:
-corporate/tests/stripe_fixtures/*.json -diff
-
-
-# FORMATTING
-
-# Maintain LF (Unix-style) newlines in text files.
 *   text=auto eol=lf
-
-# Make sure various media files never get somehow auto-detected as text
-# and then newline-converted.
 *.gif binary
 *.jpg binary
 *.jpeg binary
@@ -26,7 +11,3 @@ corporate/tests/stripe_fixtures/*.json -diff
 *.otf binary
 *.tif binary
 *.ogg binary
-*.bson binary
-*.bmp binary
-*.mp3 binary
-*.pdf binary
--- a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/1_discussed_on_czo.md
+++ b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/1_discussed_on_czo.md
@@ -1,10 +0,0 @@
---
-name: Issue discussed in the Zulip development community
-about: Bug report, feature or improvement already discussed on chat.zulip.org.
---
-
-<!-- Issue description -->
-
-<!-- Link to a message in the chat.zulip.org discussion. Message links will still work even if the topic is renamed or resolved. Link back to this issue from the chat.zulip.org thread. -->
-
-CZO thread
--- a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/2_bug_report.md
+++ b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/2_bug_report.md
@@ -1,17 +0,0 @@
---
-name: Bug report
-about: A concrete bug report with steps to reproduce the behavior. (See also "Possible bug" below.)
-labels: ["bug"]
---
-
-<!-- Describe what you were expecting to see, what you saw instead, and steps to take in order to reproduce the buggy behavior. Screenshots can be helpful. -->
-
-<!-- Check the box for the version of Zulip you are using (see https://zulip.com/help/view-zulip-version).-->
-
-**Zulip Server and web app version:**
-
- [ ] Zulip Cloud (`*.zulipchat.com`)
- [ ] Zulip Server 7.0+
- [ ] Zulip Server 6.0+
- [ ] Zulip Server 5.0 or older
- [ ] Other or not sure
--- a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/3_feature_request.md
+++ b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/3_feature_request.md
@@ -1,6 +0,0 @@
---
-name: Feature or improvement request
-about: A specific proposal for a new feature of improvement. (See also "Feature suggestion or feedback" below.)
---
-
-<!-- Describe the proposal, including how it would help you or your organization. -->
--- a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/config.yml
+++ b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/config.yml
@@ -1,14 +0,0 @@
-blank_issues_enabled: true
-contact_links:
-  - name: Possible bug
-    url: https://zulip.readthedocs.io/en/latest/contributing/reporting-bugs.html
-    about: Report unexpected behavior that may be a bug.
-  - name: Feature suggestion or feedback
-    url: https://zulip.readthedocs.io/en/latest/contributing/suggesting-features.html
-    about: Start a discussion about your idea for improving Zulip.
-  - name: Issue with running or upgrading a Zulip server
-    url: https://zulip.readthedocs.io/en/latest/production/troubleshooting.html
-    about: We provide free, interactive support for the vast majority of questions about running a Zulip server.
-  - name: Other support requests and sales questions
-    url: https://zulip.com/help/contact-support
-    about: Contact us — we're happy to help!
--- a/.github/pull_request_template.md
+++ b/.github/pull_request_template.md
@@ -1,43 +1,14 @@
-<!-- Describe your pull request here.-->
+<!-- What's this PR for?  (Just a link to an issue is fine.) -->

-Fixes: <!-- Issue link, or clear description.-->

-<!-- If the PR makes UI changes, always include one or more still screenshots to demonstrate your changes. If it seems helpful, add a screen capture of the new functionality as well.
+**Testing plan:** <!-- How have you tested? -->

-Tooling tips: https://zulip.readthedocs.io/en/latest/tutorials/screenshot-and-gif-software.html
-->

-**Screenshots and screen captures:**
+**GIFs or screenshots:** <!-- If a UI change.  See:
+  https://zulip.readthedocs.io/en/latest/tutorials/screenshot-and-gif-software.html
+  -->

-<details>
-<summary>Self-review checklist</summary>

-<!-- Prior to submitting a PR, follow our step-by-step guide to review your own code:
-https://zulip.readthedocs.io/en/latest/contributing/code-reviewing.html#how-to-review-code -->
-
-<!-- Once you create the PR, check off all the steps below that you have completed.
-If any of these steps are not relevant or you have not completed, leave them unchecked.-->
-
- [ ] [Self-reviewed](https://zulip.readthedocs.io/en/latest/contributing/code-reviewing.html#how-to-review-code) the changes for clarity and maintainability
-      (variable names, code reuse, readability, etc.).
-
-Communicate decisions, questions, and potential concerns.
-
- [ ] Explains differences from previous plans (e.g., issue description).
- [ ] Highlights technical choices and bugs encountered.
- [ ] Calls out remaining decisions and concerns.
- [ ] Automated tests verify logic where appropriate.
-
-Individual commits are ready for review (see [commit discipline](https://zulip.readthedocs.io/en/latest/contributing/commit-discipline.html)).
-
- [ ] Each commit is a coherent idea.
- [ ] Commit message(s) explain reasoning and motivation for changes.
-
-Completed manual review and testing of the following:
-
- [ ] Visual appearance of the changes.
- [ ] Responsiveness and internationalization.
- [ ] Strings and tooltips.
- [ ] End-to-end functionality of buttons, interactions and flows.
- [ ] Corner cases, error conditions, and easily imagined bugs.
-</details>
+<!-- Also be sure to make clear, coherent commits:
+  https://zulip.readthedocs.io/en/latest/contributing/version-control.html
+  -->
--- a/.github/workflows/cancel-previous-runs.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/cancel-previous-runs.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+name: Cancel previous runs
+on: [push, pull_request]
+
+defaults:
+  run:
+    shell: bash
+
+jobs:
+  cancel:
+    name: Cancel previous runs
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 3
+
+    # Don't run this job for zulip/zulip pushes since we
+    # want to run those jobs.
+    if: ${{ github.event_name != 'push' || github.event.repository.full_name != 'zulip/zulip' }}
+
+    steps:
+      # We get workflow IDs from GitHub API so we don't have to maintain
+      # a hard-coded list of IDs which need to be updated when a workflow
+      # is added or removed. And, workflow IDs are different for other forks
+      # so this is required.
+      - name: Get workflow IDs.
+        id: workflow_ids
+        env:
+          # This is in <owner>/<repo> format e.g. zulip/zulip
+          REPOSITORY: ${{ github.repository }}
+        run: |
+          workflow_api_url=https://api.github.com/repos/$REPOSITORY/actions/workflows
+          curl $workflow_api_url -o workflows.json
+
+          script="const {workflows} = require('./workflows'); \
+                  const ids = workflows.map(workflow => workflow.id); \
+                  console.log(ids.join(','));"
+          ids=$(node -e "$script")
+          echo "::set-output name=ids::$ids"
+
+      - uses: styfle/cancel-workflow-action@0.4.1
+        with:
+          workflow_id: ${{ steps.workflow_ids.outputs.ids }}
+          access_token: ${{ github.token }}
--- a/.github/workflows/codeql-analysis.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/codeql-analysis.yml
@@ -1,40 +1,30 @@
 name: "Code scanning"

-on:
-  push:
-    branches: ["*.x", chat.zulip.org, main]
-    tags: ["*"]
-  pull_request:
-    branches: ["*.x", chat.zulip.org, main]
-  workflow_dispatch:
-
-concurrency:
-  group: "${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.head_ref || github.run_id }}"
-  cancel-in-progress: true
-
-permissions:
-  contents: read
+on: [push, pull_request]

 jobs:
  CodeQL:
-    permissions:
-      actions: read # for github/codeql-action/init to get workflow details
-      contents: read # for actions/checkout to fetch code
-      security-events: write # for github/codeql-action/analyze to upload SARIF results
-    if: ${{!github.event.repository.private}}
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest

    steps:
      - name: Check out repository
-        uses: actions/checkout@v3
+        uses: actions/checkout@v2
+        with:
+          # We must fetch at least the immediate parents so that if this is
+          # a pull request then we can check out the head.
+          fetch-depth: 2
+
+      # If this run was triggered by a pull request event, then check out
+      # the head of the pull request instead of the merge commit.
+      - run: git checkout HEAD^2
+        if: ${{ github.event_name == 'pull_request' }}

      # Initializes the CodeQL tools for scanning.
      - name: Initialize CodeQL
-        uses: github/codeql-action/init@v2
+        uses: github/codeql-action/init@v1

        # Override language selection by uncommenting this and choosing your languages
        # with:
        #   languages: go, javascript, csharp, python, cpp, java
-
      - name: Perform CodeQL Analysis
-        uses: github/codeql-action/analyze@v2
+        uses: github/codeql-action/analyze@v1
--- a/.github/workflows/legacy-os.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/legacy-os.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+name: Legacy OS
+
+on: [push, pull_request]
+
+jobs:
+  xenial:
+    name: Ubuntu 16.04 Xenial (Python 3.5, legacy)
+    runs-on: ubuntu-16.04
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+      - name: Check tools/provision error message on xenial
+        run: |
+          { { ! tools/provision 2>&1 >&3; } | tee provision.err; } 3>&1 >&2
+          grep -Fqx 'Error: ubuntu 16.04 is no longer a supported platform for Zulip.' provision.err
+      - name: Check scripts/lib/upgrade-zulip-stage-2 error message on xenial
+        run: |
+          { { ! sudo scripts/lib/upgrade-zulip-stage-2 2>&1 >&3; } | tee upgrade.err; } 3>&1 >&2
+          grep -Fq 'upgrade-zulip-stage-2: Unsupported platform: ubuntu 16.04' upgrade.err
+
+      - name: Report status
+        if: failure()
+        env:
+          ZULIP_BOT_KEY: ${{ secrets.ZULIP_BOT_KEY }}
+        run: tools/ci/send-failure-message
--- a/.github/workflows/production-suite.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/production-suite.yml
@@ -2,51 +2,41 @@ name: Zulip production suite

 on:
  push:
-    branches: ["*.x", chat.zulip.org, main]
-    tags: ["*"]
-  pull_request:
    paths:
-      - .github/workflows/production-suite.yml
      - "**/migrations/**"
-      - manage.py
-      - pnpm-lock.yaml
      - puppet/**
      - requirements/**
      - scripts/**
+      - static/**
      - tools/**
-      - web/babel.config.js
-      - web/postcss.config.js
-      - web/third/**
-      - web/webpack.config.ts
-      - zerver/worker/queue_processors.py
-      - zerver/lib/push_notifications.py
-      - zerver/decorator.py
      - zproject/**
-  workflow_dispatch:
-
-concurrency:
-  group: "${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.head_ref || github.run_id }}"
-  cancel-in-progress: true
+      - yarn.lock
+      - .github/workflows/production-suite.yml
+  pull_request:
+    paths:
+      - "**/migrations/**"
+      - puppet/**
+      - requirements/**
+      - scripts/**
+      - static/**
+      - tools/**
+      - zproject/**
+      - yarn.lock
+      - .github/workflows/production-suite.yml

 defaults:
  run:
    shell: bash

-permissions:
-  contents: read
-
 jobs:
  production_build:
-    # This job builds a release tarball from the current commit, which
-    # will be used for all of the following install/upgrade tests.
-    name: Ubuntu 20.04 production build
+    name: Bionic production build
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest

-    # Docker images are built from 'tools/ci/Dockerfile'; the comments at
-    # the top explain how to build and upload these images.
-    # Ubuntu 20.04 ships with Python 3.8.10.
-    container: zulip/ci:focal
-
+    # This docker image was created by a generated Dockerfile at:
+    #   tools/ci/images/bionic/Dockerfile
+    # Bionic ships with Python 3.6.
+    container: zulip/ci:bionic
    steps:
      - name: Add required permissions
        run: |
@@ -64,96 +54,83 @@ jobs:
          # cache action to work. It is owned by root currently.
          sudo chmod -R 0777 /__w/_temp/

-      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v2

      - name: Create cache directories
        run: |
-          dirs=(/srv/zulip-{venv,emoji}-cache)
+          dirs=(/srv/zulip-{npm,venv,emoji}-cache)
          sudo mkdir -p "${dirs[@]}"
          sudo chown -R github "${dirs[@]}"

-      - name: Restore pnpm store
-        uses: actions/cache@v3
+      - name: Restore node_modules cache
+        uses: actions/cache@v2
        with:
-          path: /__w/.pnpm-store
-          key: v1-pnpm-store-focal-${{ hashFiles('pnpm-lock.yaml') }}
+          path: /srv/zulip-npm-cache
+          key: v1-yarn-deps-${{ github.job }}-${{ hashFiles('package.json') }}-${{ hashFiles('yarn.lock') }}
+          restore-keys: v1-yarn-deps-${{ github.job }}

      - name: Restore python cache
-        uses: actions/cache@v3
+        uses: actions/cache@v2
        with:
          path: /srv/zulip-venv-cache
-          key: v1-venv-focal-${{ hashFiles('requirements/dev.txt') }}
-          restore-keys: v1-venv-focal
+          key: v1-venv-${{ github.job }}-${{ hashFiles('requirements/dev.txt') }}
+          restore-keys: v1-venv-${{ github.job }}

      - name: Restore emoji cache
-        uses: actions/cache@v3
+        uses: actions/cache@v2
        with:
          path: /srv/zulip-emoji-cache
-          key: v1-emoji-focal-${{ hashFiles('tools/setup/emoji/emoji_map.json') }}-${{ hashFiles('tools/setup/emoji/build_emoji') }}-${{ hashFiles('tools/setup/emoji/emoji_setup_utils.py') }}-${{ hashFiles('tools/setup/emoji/emoji_names.py') }}-${{ hashFiles('package.json') }}
-          restore-keys: v1-emoji-focal
+          key: v1-emoji-${{ github.job }}-${{ hashFiles('tools/setup/emoji/emoji_map.json') }}-${{ hashFiles('tools/setup/emoji/build_emoji') }}-${{ hashFiles('tools/setup/emoji/emoji_setup_utils.py') }}-${{ hashFiles('tools/setup/emoji/emoji_names.py') }}-${{ hashFiles('package.json') }}
+          restore-keys: v1-emoji-${{ github.job }}
+
+      - name: Do Bionic hack
+        run: |
+          # Temporary hack till `sudo service redis-server start` gets fixes in Bionic. See
+          # https://chat.zulip.org/#narrow/stream/3-backend/topic/Ubuntu.20bionic.20CircleCI
+          sudo sed -i '/^bind/s/bind.*/bind 0.0.0.0/' /etc/redis/redis.conf

      - name: Build production tarball
        run: ./tools/ci/production-build

      - name: Upload production build artifacts for install jobs
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v2
        with:
          name: production-tarball
          path: /tmp/production-build
-          retention-days: 1
+          retention-days: 14

-      - name: Verify pnpm store path
-        run: |
-          set -x
-          path="$(pnpm store path)"
-          [[ "$path" == /__w/.pnpm-store/* ]]
-
-      - name: Generate failure report string
-        id: failure_report_string
-        if: ${{ failure() && github.repository == 'zulip/zulip' && github.event_name == 'push' }}
-        run: tools/ci/generate-failure-message >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
-
-      - name: Report status to CZO
-        if: ${{ failure() && github.repository == 'zulip/zulip' && github.event_name == 'push' }}
-        uses: zulip/github-actions-zulip/send-message@v1
-        with:
-          api-key: ${{ secrets.ZULIP_BOT_KEY }}
-          email: "github-actions-bot@chat.zulip.org"
-          organization-url: "https://chat.zulip.org"
-          to: "automated testing"
-          topic: ${{ steps.failure_report_string.outputs.topic }}
-          type: "stream"
-          content: ${{ steps.failure_report_string.outputs.content }}
+      - name: Report status
+        if: failure()
+        env:
+          ZULIP_BOT_KEY: ${{ secrets.ZULIP_BOT_KEY }}
+        run: tools/ci/send-failure-message

  production_install:
-    # This job installs the server release tarball built above on a
-    # range of platforms, and does some basic health checks on the
-    # resulting installer Zulip server.
    strategy:
      fail-fast: false
      matrix:
        include:
-          # Docker images are built from 'tools/ci/Dockerfile'; the comments at
-          # the top explain how to build and upload these images.
-          - docker_image: zulip/ci:focal
-            name: Ubuntu 20.04 production install and PostgreSQL upgrade with pgroonga
-            os: focal
-            extra-args: ""
+          # Base images are built using `tools/ci/Dockerfile.template`.
+          # The comments at the top explain how to build and upload these images.
+          - docker_image: zulip/ci:bionic
+            name: Bionic production install
+            is_bionic: true
+            os: bionic

-          - docker_image: zulip/ci:jammy
-            name: Ubuntu 22.04 production install
-            os: jammy
-            extra-args: ""
+          - docker_image: zulip/ci:focal
+            name: Focal production install
+            is_focal: true
+            os: focal
+
+          - docker_image: zulip/ci:buster
+            name: Buster production install
+            is_buster: true
+            os: buster

          - docker_image: zulip/ci:bullseye
-            name: Debian 11 production install with custom db name and user
+            name: Bullseye production install
+            is_bullseye: true
            os: bullseye
-            extra-args: --test-custom-db
-
-          - docker_image: zulip/ci:bookworm
-            name: Debian 12 production install
-            os: bookworm
-            extra-args: ""

    name: ${{ matrix.name  }}
    container:
@@ -164,7 +141,7 @@ jobs:

    steps:
      - name: Download built production tarball
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@v3
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@v2
        with:
          name: production-tarball
          path: /tmp
@@ -176,151 +153,58 @@ jobs:
          # cache action to work. It is owned by root currently.
          sudo chmod -R 0777 /__w/_temp/

+          # Create the zulip directory that the tools/ci/ scripts needs
+          mkdir -p /home/github/zulip
+
          # Since actions/download-artifact@v2 loses all the permissions
          # of the tarball uploaded by the upload artifact fix those.
+          chmod +x /tmp/production-extract-tarball
          chmod +x /tmp/production-upgrade-pg
-          chmod +x /tmp/production-pgroonga
          chmod +x /tmp/production-install
          chmod +x /tmp/production-verify
-          chmod +x /tmp/generate-failure-message
+          chmod +x /tmp/send-failure-message

      - name: Create cache directories
        run: |
-          dirs=(/srv/zulip-{venv,emoji}-cache)
+          dirs=(/srv/zulip-{npm,venv,emoji}-cache)
          sudo mkdir -p "${dirs[@]}"
          sudo chown -R github "${dirs[@]}"

+      - name: Restore node_modules cache
+        uses: actions/cache@v2
+        with:
+          path: /srv/zulip-npm-cache
+          key: v1-yarn-deps-${{ matrix.os }}-${{ hashFiles('/tmp/package.json') }}-${{ hashFiles('/tmp/yarn.lock') }}
+          restore-keys: v1-yarn-deps-${{ matrix.os }}
+
+      - name: Do Bionic hack
+        if: ${{ matrix.is_bionic }}
+        run: |
+          # Temporary hack till `sudo service redis-server start` gets fixes in Bionic. See
+          # https://chat.zulip.org/#narrow/stream/3-backend/topic/Ubuntu.20bionic.20CircleCI
+          sudo sed -i '/^bind/s/bind.*/bind 0.0.0.0/' /etc/redis/redis.conf
+
+      - name: Production extract tarball
+        run: /tmp/production-extract-tarball
+
      - name: Install production
-        run: sudo /tmp/production-install ${{ matrix.extra-args }}
+        run: |
+          sudo service rabbitmq-server restart
+          sudo /tmp/production-install

      - name: Verify install
-        run: sudo /tmp/production-verify ${{ matrix.extra-args }}
-
-      - name: Install pgroonga
-        if: ${{ matrix.os == 'focal' }}
-        run: sudo /tmp/production-pgroonga
-
-      - name: Verify install after installing pgroonga
-        if: ${{ matrix.os == 'focal' }}
-        run: sudo /tmp/production-verify ${{ matrix.extra-args }}
+        run: sudo /tmp/production-verify

      - name: Upgrade postgresql
-        if: ${{ matrix.os == 'focal' }}
+        if: ${{ matrix.is_bionic }}
        run: sudo /tmp/production-upgrade-pg

      - name: Verify install after upgrading postgresql
-        if: ${{ matrix.os == 'focal' }}
-        run: sudo /tmp/production-verify ${{ matrix.extra-args }}
+        if: ${{ matrix.is_bionic }}
+        run: sudo /tmp/production-verify

-      - name: Generate failure report string
-        id: failure_report_string
-        if: ${{ failure() && github.repository == 'zulip/zulip' && github.event_name == 'push' }}
-        run: /tmp/generate-failure-message >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
-
-      - name: Report status to CZO
-        if: ${{ failure() && github.repository == 'zulip/zulip' && github.event_name == 'push' }}
-        uses: zulip/github-actions-zulip/send-message@v1
-        with:
-          api-key: ${{ secrets.ZULIP_BOT_KEY }}
-          email: "github-actions-bot@chat.zulip.org"
-          organization-url: "https://chat.zulip.org"
-          to: "automated testing"
-          topic: ${{ steps.failure_report_string.outputs.topic }}
-          type: "stream"
-          content: ${{ steps.failure_report_string.outputs.content }}
-
-  production_upgrade:
-    # The production upgrade job starts with a container with a
-    # previous Zulip release installed, and attempts to upgrade it to
-    # the release tarball built for the current commit being tested.
-    #
-    # This is intended to catch bugs that result in the upgrade
-    # process failing.
-    strategy:
-      fail-fast: false
-      matrix:
-        include:
-          # Docker images are built from 'tools/ci/Dockerfile.prod'; the comments at
-          # the top explain how to build and upload these images.
-          - docker_image: zulip/ci:focal-3.2
-            name: 3.2 Version Upgrade
-            os: focal
-          - docker_image: zulip/ci:bullseye-4.2
-            name: 4.2 Version Upgrade
-            os: bullseye
-          - docker_image: zulip/ci:bullseye-5.0
-            name: 5.0 Version Upgrade
-            os: bullseye
-          - docker_image: zulip/ci:bullseye-6.0
-            name: 6.0 Version Upgrade
-            os: bullseye
-
-    name: ${{ matrix.name  }}
-    container:
-      image: ${{ matrix.docker_image }}
-      options: --init
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    needs: production_build
-
-    steps:
-      - name: Download built production tarball
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@v3
-        with:
-          name: production-tarball
-          path: /tmp
-
-      - name: Add required permissions and setup
-        run: |
-          # This is the GitHub Actions specific cache directory the
-          # the current github user must be able to access for the
-          # cache action to work. It is owned by root currently.
-          sudo chmod -R 0777 /__w/_temp/
-
-          # Since actions/download-artifact@v2 loses all the permissions
-          # of the tarball uploaded by the upload artifact fix those.
-          chmod +x /tmp/production-upgrade
-          chmod +x /tmp/production-verify
-          chmod +x /tmp/generate-failure-message
-
-      - name: Create cache directories
-        run: |
-          dirs=(/srv/zulip-{venv,emoji}-cache)
-          sudo mkdir -p "${dirs[@]}"
-          sudo chown -R github "${dirs[@]}"
-
-      - name: Temporarily bootstrap PostgreSQL upgrades
-        # https://chat.zulip.org/#narrow/stream/43-automated-testing/topic/postgres.20client.20upgrade.20failures/near/1640444
-        # On Debian, there is an ordering issue with post-install maintainer
-        # scripts when postgresql-client-common is upgraded at the same time as
-        # postgresql-client and postgresql-client-15.  Upgrade just
-        # postgresql-client-common first, so the main upgrade process can
-        # succeed.  This is a _temporary_ work-around to improve CI signal, as
-        # the failure does represent a real failure that production systems may
-        # encounter.
-        run: sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install -y --only-upgrade postgresql-client-common
-
-      - name: Upgrade production
-        run: sudo /tmp/production-upgrade
-
-        # TODO: We should be running production-verify here, but it
-        # doesn't pass yet.
-        #
-        # - name: Verify install
-        #   run: sudo /tmp/production-verify
-
-      - name: Generate failure report string
-        id: failure_report_string
-        if: ${{ failure() && github.repository == 'zulip/zulip' && github.event_name == 'push' }}
-        run: /tmp/generate-failure-message >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
-
-      - name: Report status to CZO
-        if: ${{ failure() && github.repository == 'zulip/zulip' && github.event_name == 'push' }}
-        uses: zulip/github-actions-zulip/send-message@v1
-        with:
-          api-key: ${{ secrets.ZULIP_BOT_KEY }}
-          email: "github-actions-bot@chat.zulip.org"
-          organization-url: "https://chat.zulip.org"
-          to: "automated testing"
-          topic: ${{ steps.failure_report_string.outputs.topic }}
-          type: "stream"
-          content: ${{ steps.failure_report_string.outputs.content }}
+      - name: Report status
+        if: failure()
+        env:
+          ZULIP_BOT_KEY: ${{ secrets.ZULIP_BOT_KEY }}
+        run: /tmp/send-failure-message
--- a/.github/workflows/update-oneclick-apps.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/update-oneclick-apps.yml
@@ -2,14 +2,11 @@ name: Update one click apps
 on:
  release:
    types: [published]
-permissions:
-  contents: read
-
 jobs:
  update-digitalocean-oneclick-app:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
      - name: Update DigitalOcean one click app
        env:
          DIGITALOCEAN_API_KEY: ${{ secrets.ONE_CLICK_ACTION_DIGITALOCEAN_API_KEY }}
@@ -22,6 +19,6 @@ jobs:
        run: |
          export PATH="$HOME/.local/bin:$PATH"
          git clone https://github.com/zulip/marketplace-partners
-          pip3 install python-digitalocean zulip fab-classic PyNaCl
+          pip3 install python-digitalocean zulip fab-classic
          echo $PATH
          python3 tools/oneclickapps/prepare_digital_ocean_one_click_app_release.py
--- a/.github/workflows/zulip-ci.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/zulip-ci.yml
@@ -4,55 +4,43 @@

 name: Zulip CI

-on:
-  push:
-    branches: ["*.x", chat.zulip.org, main]
-    tags: ["*"]
-  pull_request:
-  workflow_dispatch:
-
-concurrency:
-  group: "${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.head_ref || github.run_id }}"
-  cancel-in-progress: true
+on: [push, pull_request]

 defaults:
  run:
    shell: bash

-permissions:
-  contents: read
-
 jobs:
  tests:
    strategy:
      fail-fast: false
      matrix:
        include:
-          # Base images are built using `tools/ci/Dockerfile.prod.template`.
-          # The comments at the top explain how to build and upload these images.
-          # Ubuntu 20.04 ships with Python 3.8.10.
-          - docker_image: zulip/ci:focal
-            name: Ubuntu 20.04 (Python 3.8, backend + frontend)
-            os: focal
-            include_documentation_tests: false
+          # This docker image was created by a generated Dockerfile at:
+          #   tools/ci/images/bionic/Dockerfile
+          # Bionic ships with Python 3.6.
+          - docker_image: zulip/ci:bionic
+            name: Ubuntu 18.04 Bionic (Python 3.6, backend + frontend)
+            os: bionic
+            is_bionic: true
            include_frontend_tests: true
-          # Debian 11 ships with Python 3.9.2.
+
+          # This docker image was created by a generated Dockerfile at:
+          #   tools/ci/images/focal/Dockerfile
+          # Focal ships with Python 3.8.2.
+          - docker_image: zulip/ci:focal
+            name: Ubuntu 20.04 Focal (Python 3.8, backend)
+            os: focal
+            is_focal: true
+            include_frontend_tests: false
+
+          # This docker image was created by a generated Dockerfile at:
+          #   tools/ci/images/focal/Dockerfile
+          # Bullseye ships with Python 3.9.2.
          - docker_image: zulip/ci:bullseye
-            name: Debian 11 (Python 3.9, backend + documentation)
+            name: Debian 11 Bullseye (Python 3.9, backend)
            os: bullseye
-            include_documentation_tests: true
-            include_frontend_tests: false
-          # Ubuntu 22.04 ships with Python 3.10.4.
-          - docker_image: zulip/ci:jammy
-            name: Ubuntu 22.04 (Python 3.10, backend)
-            os: jammy
-            include_documentation_tests: false
-            include_frontend_tests: false
-          # Debian 12 ships with Python 3.11.2.
-          - docker_image: zulip/ci:bookworm
-            name: Debian 12 (Python 3.11, backend)
-            os: bookworm
-            include_documentation_tests: false
+            is_bullseye: true
            include_frontend_tests: false

    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
@@ -60,7 +48,7 @@ jobs:
    container: ${{ matrix.docker_image }}
    env:
      # GitHub Actions sets HOME to /github/home which causes
-      # problem later in provision and frontend test that runs
+      # problem later in provison and frontend test that runs
      # tools/setup/postgresql-init-dev-db because of the .pgpass
      # location. PostgreSQL (psql) expects .pgpass to be at
      # /home/github/.pgpass and setting home to `/home/github/`
@@ -68,57 +56,115 @@ jobs:
      HOME: /home/github/

    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+      - name: Add required permissions
+        run: |
+          # The checkout actions doesn't clone to ~/zulip or allow
+          # us to use the path option to clone outside the current
+          # /__w/zulip/zulip directory. Since this directory is owned
+          # by root we need to change it's ownership to allow the
+          # github user to clone the code here.
+          # Note: /__w/ is a docker volume mounted to $GITHUB_WORKSPACE
+          # which is /home/runner/work/.
+          sudo chown -R github .
+
+          # This is the GitHub Actions specific cache directory the
+          # the current github user must be able to access for the
+          # cache action to work. It is owned by root currently.
+          sudo chmod -R 0777 /__w/_temp/
+
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v2

      - name: Create cache directories
        run: |
-          dirs=(/srv/zulip-{venv,emoji}-cache)
+          dirs=(/srv/zulip-{npm,venv,emoji}-cache)
          sudo mkdir -p "${dirs[@]}"
          sudo chown -R github "${dirs[@]}"

-      - name: Restore pnpm store
-        uses: actions/cache@v3
+      - name: Restore node_modules cache
+        uses: actions/cache@v2
        with:
-          path: /__w/.pnpm-store
-          key: v1-pnpm-store-${{ matrix.os }}-${{ hashFiles('pnpm-lock.yaml') }}
+          path: /srv/zulip-npm-cache
+          key: v1-yarn-deps-${{ matrix.os }}-${{ hashFiles('package.json') }}-${{ hashFiles('yarn.lock') }}
+          restore-keys: v1-yarn-deps-${{ matrix.os }}

      - name: Restore python cache
-        uses: actions/cache@v3
+        uses: actions/cache@v2
        with:
          path: /srv/zulip-venv-cache
          key: v1-venv-${{ matrix.os }}-${{ hashFiles('requirements/dev.txt') }}
          restore-keys: v1-venv-${{ matrix.os }}

      - name: Restore emoji cache
-        uses: actions/cache@v3
+        uses: actions/cache@v2
        with:
          path: /srv/zulip-emoji-cache
-          key: v1-emoji-${{ matrix.os }}-${{ hashFiles('tools/setup/emoji/emoji_map.json', 'tools/setup/emoji/build_emoji', 'tools/setup/emoji/emoji_setup_utils.py', 'tools/setup/emoji/emoji_names.py', 'package.json') }}
+          key: v1-emoji-${{ matrix.os }}-${{ hashFiles('tools/setup/emoji/emoji_map.json') }}-${{ hashFiles('tools/setup/emoji/build_emoji') }}-${{ hashFiles('tools/setup/emoji/emoji_setup_utils.py') }}-${{ hashFiles('tools/setup/emoji/emoji_names.py') }}-${{ hashFiles('package.json') }}
          restore-keys: v1-emoji-${{ matrix.os }}

+      - name: Do Bionic hack
+        if: ${{ matrix.is_bionic }}
+        run: |
+          # Temporary hack till `sudo service redis-server start` gets fixes in Bionic. See
+          # https://chat.zulip.org/#narrow/stream/3-backend/topic/Ubuntu.20bionic.20CircleCI
+          sudo sed -i '/^bind/s/bind.*/bind 0.0.0.0/' /etc/redis/redis.conf
+
      - name: Install dependencies
        run: |
          # This is the main setup job for the test suite
          ./tools/ci/setup-backend --skip-dev-db-build
-          scripts/lib/clean_unused_caches.py --verbose --threshold=0
+
+          # Cleaning caches is mostly unnecessary in GitHub Actions, because
+          # most builds don't get to write to the cache.
+          # scripts/lib/clean-unused-caches --verbose --threshold 0

      - name: Run tools test
        run: |
          source tools/ci/activate-venv
          ./tools/test-tools

-      - name: Run Codespell lint
+      - name: Run backend lint
        run: |
          source tools/ci/activate-venv
-          ./tools/run-codespell
+          echo "Test suite is running under $(python --version)."
+          ./tools/lint --groups=backend --skip=gitlint,mypy # gitlint disabled because flaky
+
+      - name: Run frontend lint
+        if: ${{ matrix.include_frontend_tests }}
+        run: |
+          source tools/ci/activate-venv
+          ./tools/lint --groups=frontend --skip=gitlint # gitlint disabled because flaky
+
+      - name: Run backend tests
+        run: |
+          source tools/ci/activate-venv
+          ./tools/test-backend --coverage --include-webhooks --no-cov-cleanup --ban-console-output
+
+      - name: Run mypy
+        run: |
+          source tools/ci/activate-venv
+          # We run mypy after the backend tests so we get output from the
+          # backend tests, which tend to uncover more serious problems, first.
+          ./tools/run-mypy --version
+          ./tools/run-mypy
+
+      - name: Run miscellaneous tests
+        run: |
+          source tools/ci/activate-venv
+
+          # Currently our compiled requirements files will differ for different python versions
+          # so we will run test-locked-requirements only for Bionic.
+          # ./tools/test-locked-requirements
+          # ./tools/test-run-dev  # https://github.com/zulip/zulip/pull/14233
+          #
+          # This test has been persistently flaky at like 1% frequency, is slow,
+          # and is for a very specific single feature, so we don't run it by default:
+          # ./tools/test-queue-worker-reload
+
+          ./tools/test-migrations
+          ./tools/setup/optimize-svg --check
+          ./tools/setup/generate_integration_bots_avatars.py --check-missing

-      # We run the tests that are only run in a specific job early, so
-      # that we get feedback to the developer about likely failures as
-      # quickly as possible. Backend/mypy failures that aren't
-      # identical across different versions are much more rare than
-      # frontend linter or node test failures.
      - name: Run documentation and api tests
-        if: ${{ matrix.include_documentation_tests }}
        run: |
          source tools/ci/activate-venv
          # In CI, we only test links we control in test-documentation to avoid flakes
@@ -131,13 +177,7 @@ jobs:
        run: |
          source tools/ci/activate-venv
          # Run the node tests first, since they're fast and deterministic
-          ./tools/test-js-with-node --coverage --parallel=1
-
-      - name: Run frontend lint
-        if: ${{ matrix.include_frontend_tests }}
-        run: |
-          source tools/ci/activate-venv
-          ./tools/lint --groups=frontend --skip=gitlint # gitlint disabled because flaky
+          ./tools/test-js-with-node --coverage

      - name: Check schemas
        if: ${{ matrix.include_frontend_tests }}
@@ -160,55 +200,6 @@ jobs:
          source tools/ci/activate-venv
          ./tools/test-js-with-puppeteer

-      - name: Check pnpm dedupe
-        if: ${{ matrix.include_frontend_tests }}
-        run: pnpm dedupe --check
-
-      - name: Run backend lint
-        run: |
-          source tools/ci/activate-venv
-          echo "Test suite is running under $(python --version)."
-          ./tools/lint --groups=backend --skip=gitlint,mypy # gitlint disabled because flaky
-
-      - name: Run backend tests
-        run: |
-          source tools/ci/activate-venv
-          ./tools/test-backend --coverage --xml-report --no-html-report --include-webhooks --include-transaction-tests --no-cov-cleanup --ban-console-output
-
-      - name: Run mypy
-        run: |
-          source tools/ci/activate-venv
-          # We run mypy after the backend tests so we get output from the
-          # backend tests, which tend to uncover more serious problems, first.
-          ./tools/run-mypy --version
-          ./tools/run-mypy
-
-      - name: Run miscellaneous tests
-        run: |
-          source tools/ci/activate-venv
-
-          # Currently our compiled requirements files will differ for different
-          # Python versions, so we will run test-locked-requirements only on the
-          # platform with the oldest one.
-          # ./tools/test-locked-requirements
-          # ./tools/test-run-dev  # https://github.com/zulip/zulip/pull/14233
-          #
-          # This test has been persistently flaky at like 1% frequency, is slow,
-          # and is for a very specific single feature, so we don't run it by default:
-          # ./tools/test-queue-worker-reload
-
-          ./tools/test-migrations
-          ./tools/setup/optimize-svg --check
-          ./tools/setup/generate_integration_bots_avatars.py --check-missing
-          ./tools/ci/check-executables
-
-          # Ban check-database-compatibility from transitively
-          # relying on static/generated, because it might not be
-          # up-to-date at that point in upgrade-zulip-stage-2.
-          chmod 000 static/generated web/generated
-          ./scripts/lib/check-database-compatibility
-          chmod 755 static/generated web/generated
-
      - name: Check for untracked files
        run: |
          source tools/ci/activate-venv
@@ -221,7 +212,7 @@ jobs:
          fi

      - name: Test locked requirements
-        if: ${{ matrix.os == 'focal' }}
+        if: ${{ matrix.is_bionic }}
        run: |
          . /srv/zulip-py3-venv/bin/activate && \
          ./tools/test-locked-requirements
@@ -229,43 +220,31 @@ jobs:
      - name: Upload coverage reports

        # Only upload coverage when both frontend and backend
-        # tests are run.
+        # tests are ran.
        if: ${{ matrix.include_frontend_tests }}
-        uses: codecov/codecov-action@v3
-        with:
-          files: var/coverage.xml,var/node-coverage/lcov.info
+        run: |
+          # Codcov requires `.coverage` file to be stored in the
+          # current working directory.
+          mv ./var/.coverage ./.coverage
+          . /srv/zulip-py3-venv/bin/activate || true
+
+          pip install codecov && codecov || echo "Error in uploading coverage reports to codecov.io."

      - name: Store Puppeteer artifacts
        # Upload these on failure, as well
        if: ${{ always() && matrix.include_frontend_tests }}
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v2
        with:
          name: puppeteer
          path: ./var/puppeteer
          retention-days: 60

      - name: Check development database build
+        if: ${{ matrix.is_focal || matrix.is_bullseye }}
        run: ./tools/ci/setup-backend

-      - name: Verify pnpm store path
-        run: |
-          set -x
-          path="$(pnpm store path)"
-          [[ "$path" == /__w/.pnpm-store/* ]]
-
-      - name: Generate failure report string
-        id: failure_report_string
-        if: ${{ failure() && github.repository == 'zulip/zulip' && github.event_name == 'push' }}
-        run: tools/ci/generate-failure-message >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
-
-      - name: Report status to CZO
-        if: ${{ failure() && github.repository == 'zulip/zulip' && github.event_name == 'push' }}
-        uses: zulip/github-actions-zulip/send-message@v1
-        with:
-          api-key: ${{ secrets.ZULIP_BOT_KEY }}
-          email: "github-actions-bot@chat.zulip.org"
-          organization-url: "https://chat.zulip.org"
-          to: "automated testing"
-          topic: ${{ steps.failure_report_string.outputs.topic }}
-          type: "stream"
-          content: ${{ steps.failure_report_string.outputs.content }}
+      - name: Report status
+        if: failure()
+        env:
+          ZULIP_BOT_KEY: ${{ secrets.ZULIP_BOT_KEY }}
+        run: tools/ci/send-failure-message
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -17,8 +17,6 @@
 # See `git help ignore` for details on the format.

 ## Config files for the dev environment
-/zproject/apns-dev.pem
-/zproject/apns-dev-key.p8
 /zproject/dev-secrets.conf
 /tools/conf.ini
 /tools/custom_provision
@@ -35,7 +33,9 @@ package-lock.json
 !/var/puppeteer/test_credentials.d.ts

 /.dmypy.json
-/.ruff_cache
+
+# Dockerfiles generated for continuous integration
+/tools/ci/images

 # Generated i18n data
 /locale/en
@@ -46,11 +46,11 @@ package-lock.json
 # Static build
 *.mo
 npm-debug.log
-/.pnpm-store
 /node_modules
 /prod-static
 /staticfiles.json
 /webpack-stats-production.json
+/yarn-error.log
 zulip-git-version

 # Test / analysis tools
@@ -73,21 +73,15 @@ zulip.kdev4
 *.kate-swp
 *.sublime-project
 *.sublime-workspace
+.vscode/
 *.DS_Store
-# VS Code. Avoid checking in .vscode in general, while still specifying
-# recommended extensions for working with this repository.
-/.vscode/**/*
-!/.vscode/extensions.json
-# .cache/ is generated by VS Code test runner
+# .cache/ is generated by Visual Studio Code's test runner
 .cache/
 .eslintcache

 # Core dump files
 core

-# Static generated files for landing page.
-/static/images/landing-page/hello/generated
-
 ## Miscellaneous
 # (Ideally this section is empty.)
 .transifexrc
--- a/.gitlint
+++ b/.gitlint
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
 [general]
 ignore=title-trailing-punctuation, body-min-length, body-is-missing

-extra-path=tools/lib/gitlint_rules.py
+extra-path=tools/lib/gitlint-rules.py

 [title-match-regex]
 regex=^(.+:\ )?[A-Z].+\.$

 [title-max-length]
-line-length=72
+line-length=76

 [body-max-line-length]
 line-length=76
--- a/.mailmap
+++ b/.mailmap
@@ -1,132 +1,40 @@
-# This file teaches `git log` and friends the canonical names
-# and email addresses to use for our contributors.
-#
-# For details on the format, see:
-#   https://git.github.io/htmldocs/gitmailmap.html
-#
-# Handy commands for examining or adding to this file:
-#
-#     # shows all names/emails after mapping, sorted:
-#   $ git shortlog -es | sort -k2
-#
-#     # shows raw names/emails, filtered by mapped name:
-#   $ git log --format='%an %ae' --author=$NAME | uniq -c
-
-acrefoot <acrefoot@zulip.com> <acrefoot@alum.mit.edu>
-acrefoot <acrefoot@zulip.com> <acrefoot@dropbox.com>
-acrefoot <acrefoot@zulip.com> <acrefoot@humbughq.com>
-Adam Benesh <Adam.Benesh@gmail.com>
-Adam Benesh <Adam.Benesh@gmail.com> <Adam-Daniel.Benesh@t-systems.com>
-Adarsh Tiwari <xoldyckk@gmail.com>
 Alex Vandiver <alexmv@zulip.com> <alex@chmrr.net>
 Alex Vandiver <alexmv@zulip.com> <github@chmrr.net>
 Allen Rabinovich <allenrabinovich@yahoo.com> <allenr@humbughq.com>
 Allen Rabinovich <allenrabinovich@yahoo.com> <allenr@zulip.com>
-Alya Abbott <alya@zulip.com> <2090066+alya@users.noreply.github.com>
-Alya Abbott <alya@zulip.com> <alyaabbott@elance-odesk.com>
-Aman Agrawal <amanagr@zulip.com>
 Aman Agrawal <amanagr@zulip.com> <f2016561@pilani.bits-pilani.ac.in>
 Anders Kaseorg <anders@zulip.com> <anders@zulipchat.com>
 Anders Kaseorg <anders@zulip.com> <andersk@mit.edu>
-aparna-bhatt <aparnabhatt2001@gmail.com> <86338542+aparna-bhatt@users.noreply.github.com>
-Aryan Shridhar <aryanshridhar7@gmail.com>
-Aryan Shridhar <aryanshridhar7@gmail.com> <53977614+aryanshridhar@users.noreply.github.com>
-Ashwat Kumar Singh <ashwat.kumarsingh.met20@itbhu.ac.in>
-Austin Riba <austin@zulip.com> <austin@m51.io>
-BIKI DAS <bikid475@gmail.com>
-Brijmohan Siyag <brijsiyag@gmail.com>
 Brock Whittaker <brock@zulipchat.com> <bjwhitta@asu.edu>
-Brock Whittaker <brock@zulipchat.com> <brock@zulipchat.org>
 Brock Whittaker <brock@zulipchat.com> <brockwhittaker@Brocks-MacBook.local>
+Brock Whittaker <brock@zulipchat.com> <brock@zulipchat.org>
 Chris Bobbe <cbobbe@zulip.com> <cbobbe@zulipchat.com>
 Chris Bobbe <cbobbe@zulip.com> <csbobbe@gmail.com>
-Danny Su <contact@dannysu.com> <opensource@emailengine.org>
-Dinesh <chdinesh1089@gmail.com>
-Dinesh <chdinesh1089@gmail.com> <chdinesh1089>
-Eeshan Garg <eeshan@zulip.com> <jerryguitarist@gmail.com>
-Eric Smith <erwsmith@gmail.com> <99841919+erwsmith@users.noreply.github.com>
-Evy Kassirer <evy@zulip.com>
-Evy Kassirer <evy@zulip.com> <evy.kassirer@gmail.com>
-Evy Kassirer <evy@zulip.com> <evykassirer@users.noreply.github.com>
-Ganesh Pawar <pawarg256@gmail.com> <58626718+ganpa3@users.noreply.github.com>
 Greg Price <greg@zulip.com> <gnprice@gmail.com>
 Greg Price <greg@zulip.com> <greg@zulipchat.com>
 Greg Price <greg@zulip.com> <price@mit.edu>
-Hardik Dharmani <Ddharmani99@gmail.com> <ddharmani99@gmail.com>
-Hemant Umre <hemantumre12@gmail.com> <87542880+HemantUmre12@users.noreply.github.com>
-Jai soni <jai_s@me.iitr.ac.in>
-Jai soni <jai_s@me.iitr.ac.in> <76561593+jai2201@users.noreply.github.com>
 Jeff Arnold <jbarnold@gmail.com> <jbarnold@humbughq.com>
 Jeff Arnold <jbarnold@gmail.com> <jbarnold@zulip.com>
 Jessica McKellar <jesstess@mit.edu> <jesstess@humbughq.com>
 Jessica McKellar <jesstess@mit.edu> <jesstess@zulip.com>
-Joseph Ho <josephho678@gmail.com>
-Joseph Ho <josephho678@gmail.com> <62449508+Joelute@users.noreply.github.com>
-Julia Bichler <julia.bichler@tum.de> <74348920+juliaBichler01@users.noreply.github.com>
-Karl Stolley <karl@zulip.com> <karl@stolley.dev>
 Kevin Mehall <km@kevinmehall.net> <kevin@humbughq.com>
 Kevin Mehall <km@kevinmehall.net> <kevin@zulip.com>
-Kevin Scott <kevin.scott.98@gmail.com>
-Lalit Kumar Singh <lalitkumarsingh3716@gmail.com>
-Lauryn Menard <lauryn@zulip.com> <63245456+laurynmm@users.noreply.github.com>
-Lauryn Menard <lauryn@zulip.com> <lauryn.menard@gmail.com>
-m-e-l-u-h-a-n <purushottam.tiwari.cd.cse19@itbhu.ac.in>
-m-e-l-u-h-a-n <purushottam.tiwari.cd.cse19@itbhu.ac.in> <pururshottam.tiwari.cd.cse19@itbhu.ac.in>
-Mateusz Mandera <mateusz.mandera@zulip.com> <mateusz.mandera@protonmail.com>
-Matt Keller <matt@zulip.com>
-Matt Keller <matt@zulip.com> <m@cognusion.com>
-Noble Mittal <noblemittal@outlook.com> <62551163+beingnoble03@users.noreply.github.com>
-nzai <nzaih18@gmail.com> <70953556+nzaih1999@users.noreply.github.com>
-Palash Baderia <palash.baderia@outlook.com>
-Palash Baderia <palash.baderia@outlook.com> <66828942+palashb01@users.noreply.github.com>
-Palash Raghuwanshi <singhpalash0@gmail.com>
-Parth <mittalparth22@gmail.com>
-Priyam Seth <sethpriyam1@gmail.com> <b19188@students.iitmandi.ac.in>
 Ray Kraesig <rkraesig@zulip.com> <rkraesig@zulipchat.com>
-Reid Barton <rwbarton@gmail.com> <rwbarton@humbughq.com>
-Rein Zustand (rht) <rhtbot@protonmail.com>
-Rishabh Maheshwari <b20063@students.iitmandi.ac.in>
 Rishi Gupta <rishig@zulipchat.com> <rishig+git@mit.edu>
 Rishi Gupta <rishig@zulipchat.com> <rishig@kandralabs.com>
 Rishi Gupta <rishig@zulipchat.com> <rishig@users.noreply.github.com>
-Rixant Rokaha <rixantrokaha@gmail.com>
-Rixant Rokaha <rixantrokaha@gmail.com> <rishantrokaha@gmail.com>
-Rixant Rokaha <rixantrokaha@gmail.com> <rrokaha@caldwell.edu>
-Sahil Batra <sahil@zulip.com> <35494118+sahil839@users.noreply.github.com>
-Sahil Batra <sahil@zulip.com> <sahilbatra839@gmail.com>
-Satyam Bansal <sbansal1999@gmail.com>
-Sayam Samal <samal.sayam@gmail.com>
+Reid Barton <rwbarton@gmail.com> <rwbarton@humbughq.com>
 Scott Feeney <scott@oceanbase.org> <scott@humbughq.com>
 Scott Feeney <scott@oceanbase.org> <scott@zulip.com>
-Shlok Patel <shlokcpatel2001@gmail.com>
-Somesh Ranjan <somesh.ranjan.met20@itbhu.ac.in> <77766761+somesh202@users.noreply.github.com>
 Steve Howell <showell@zulip.com> <showell30@yahoo.com>
 Steve Howell <showell@zulip.com> <showell@yahoo.com>
 Steve Howell <showell@zulip.com> <showell@zulipchat.com>
 Steve Howell <showell@zulip.com> <steve@humbughq.com>
 Steve Howell <showell@zulip.com> <steve@zulip.com>
-strifel <info@strifel.de>
-Tim Abbott <tabbott@zulip.com>
 Tim Abbott <tabbott@zulip.com> <tabbott@dropbox.com>
 Tim Abbott <tabbott@zulip.com> <tabbott@humbughq.com>
 Tim Abbott <tabbott@zulip.com> <tabbott@mit.edu>
 Tim Abbott <tabbott@zulip.com> <tabbott@zulipchat.com>
-Ujjawal Modi <umodi2003@gmail.com> <99073049+Ujjawal3@users.noreply.github.com>
-umkay <ukhan@zulipchat.com> <umaimah.k@gmail.com>
-umkay <ukhan@zulipchat.com> <umkay@users.noreply.github.com>
 Vishnu KS <vishnu@zulip.com> <hackerkid@vishnuks.com>
 Vishnu KS <vishnu@zulip.com> <yo@vishnuks.com>
-Waseem Daher <wdaher@zulip.com> <wdaher@dropbox.com>
-Waseem Daher <wdaher@zulip.com> <wdaher@humbughq.com>
-Yash RE <33805964+YashRE42@users.noreply.github.com>
-Yash RE <33805964+YashRE42@users.noreply.github.com> <YashRE42@github.com>
-Yogesh Sirsat <yogeshsirsat56@gmail.com>
-Yogesh Sirsat <yogeshsirsat56@gmail.com> <41695888+yogesh-sirsat@users.noreply.github.com>
-Zeeshan Equbal <equbalzeeshan@gmail.com>
-Zeeshan Equbal <equbalzeeshan@gmail.com> <54993043+zee-bit@users.noreply.github.com>
-Zev Benjamin <zev@zulip.com> <zev@dropbox.com>
-Zev Benjamin <zev@zulip.com> <zev@humbughq.com>
-Zev Benjamin <zev@zulip.com> <zev@mit.edu>
-Zixuan James Li <p359101898@gmail.com>
-Zixuan James Li <p359101898@gmail.com> <359101898@qq.com>
-Zixuan James Li <p359101898@gmail.com> <39874143+PIG208@users.noreply.github.com>
+Alya Abbott <alya@zulip.com> <alyaabbott@elance-odesk.com>
--- a/.npmrc
+++ b/.npmrc
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-ignore-dep-scripts=true
--- a/.prettierignore
+++ b/.prettierignore
@@ -1,11 +1,6 @@
-pnpm-lock.yaml
-/api_docs/**/*.md
 /corporate/tests/stripe_fixtures
-/help/**/*.md
 /locale
-/templates/**/*.md
+/static/third
 /tools/setup/emoji/emoji_map.json
-/web/third
 /zerver/tests/fixtures
-/zerver/webhooks/*/doc.md
 /zerver/webhooks/*/fixtures
--- a/.readthedocs.yaml
+++ b/.readthedocs.yaml
@@ -1,15 +0,0 @@
-# https://docs.readthedocs.io/en/stable/config-file/v2.html
-version: 2
-
-build:
-  os: ubuntu-22.04
-  tools:
-    python: "3.10"
-
-sphinx:
-  configuration: docs/conf.py
-  fail_on_warning: true
-
-python:
-  install:
-    - requirements: requirements/docs.txt
--- a/.tx/config
+++ b/.tx/config
@@ -1,39 +1,32 @@
-# Migrated from transifex-client format with `tx migrate`
-#
-# See https://developers.transifex.com/docs/using-the-client which hints at
-# this format, but in general, the headings are in the format of:
-#
-# [o:<org>:p:<project>:r:<resource>]
-
 [main]
 host = https://www.transifex.com
 lang_map = zh-Hans: zh_Hans, zh-Hant: zh_Hant

-[o:zulip:p:zulip:r:djangopo]
+[zulip.djangopo]
 file_filter = locale/<lang>/LC_MESSAGES/django.po
 source_file = locale/en/LC_MESSAGES/django.po
 source_lang = en
 type = PO

-[o:zulip:p:zulip:r:mobile]
+[zulip.translationsjson]
+file_filter = locale/<lang>/translations.json
+source_file = locale/en/translations.json
+source_lang = en
+type = KEYVALUEJSON
+
+[zulip.mobile]
 file_filter = locale/<lang>/mobile.json
 source_file = locale/en/mobile.json
 source_lang = en
 type = KEYVALUEJSON

-[o:zulip:p:zulip:r:translationsjson]
-file_filter = locale/<lang>/translations.json
-source_file = locale/en/translations.json
-source_lang = en
-type = KEYVALUEJSON
-
-[o:zulip:p:zulip-test:r:djangopo]
+[zulip-test.djangopo]
 file_filter = locale/<lang>/LC_MESSAGES/django.po
 source_file = locale/en/LC_MESSAGES/django.po
 source_lang = en
 type = PO

-[o:zulip:p:zulip-test:r:translationsjson]
+[zulip-test.translationsjson]
 file_filter = locale/<lang>/translations.json
 source_file = locale/en/translations.json
 source_lang = en
--- a/.vscode/extensions.json
+++ b/.vscode/extensions.json
@@ -1,23 +0,0 @@
-{
-    // Recommended VS Code extensions for zulip/zulip.
-    //
-    // VS Code prompts a user to install the recommended extensions
-    // when a workspace is opened for the first time.  The user can
-    // also review the list with the 'Extensions: Show Recommended
-    // Extensions' command.  See
-    // https://code.visualstudio.com/docs/editor/extension-marketplace#_workspace-recommended-extensions
-    // for more information.
-    //
-    // Extension identifier format: ${publisher}.${name}.
-    // Example: vscode.csharp
-
-    "recommendations": [
-        "42crunch.vscode-openapi",
-        "dbaeumer.vscode-eslint",
-        "esbenp.prettier-vscode",
-        "ms-vscode-remote.vscode-remote-extensionpack"
-    ],
-
-    // Extensions recommended by VS Code which are not recommended for users of zulip/zulip.
-    "unwantedRecommendations": []
-}
--- a/.yarnrc
+++ b/.yarnrc
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+ignore-scripts true
--- a/CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md
+++ b/CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md
@@ -18,15 +18,15 @@ all of us and the technical communities in which we participate.

 The following behaviors are expected and requested of all community members:

- Participate. In doing so, you contribute to the health and longevity of
+* Participate. In doing so, you contribute to the health and longevity of
  the community.
- Exercise consideration and respect in your speech and actions.
- Attempt collaboration before conflict. Assume good faith.
- Refrain from demeaning, discriminatory, or harassing behavior and speech.
- Take action or alert community leaders if you notice a dangerous
+* Exercise consideration and respect in your speech and actions.
+* Attempt collaboration before conflict. Assume good faith.
+* Refrain from demeaning, discriminatory, or harassing behavior and speech.
+* Take action or alert community leaders if you notice a dangerous
  situation, someone in distress, or violations of this code, even if they
  seem inconsequential.
- Community event venues may be shared with members of the public; be
+* Community event venues may be shared with members of the public; be
  respectful to all patrons of these locations.

 ## Unacceptable behavior
@@ -34,24 +34,24 @@ The following behaviors are expected and requested of all community members:
 The following behaviors are considered harassment and are unacceptable
 within the Zulip community:

- Jokes or derogatory language that singles out members of any race,
+* Jokes or derogatory language that singles out members of any race,
  ethnicity, culture, national origin, color, immigration status, social and
  economic class, educational level, language proficiency, sex, sexual
  orientation, gender identity and expression, age, size, family status,
  political belief, religion, and mental and physical ability.
- Violence, threats of violence, or violent language directed against
+* Violence, threats of violence, or violent language directed against
  another person.
- Disseminating or threatening to disseminate another person's personal
+* Disseminating or threatening to disseminate another person's personal
  information.
- Personal insults of any sort.
- Posting or displaying sexually explicit or violent material.
- Inappropriate photography or recording.
- Deliberate intimidation, stalking, or following (online or in person).
- Unwelcome sexual attention. This includes sexualized comments or jokes,
+* Personal insults of any sort.
+* Posting or displaying sexually explicit or violent material.
+* Inappropriate photography or recording.
+* Deliberate intimidation, stalking, or following (online or in person).
+* Unwelcome sexual attention. This includes sexualized comments or jokes,
  inappropriate touching or groping, and unwelcomed sexual advances.
- Sustained disruption of community events, including talks and
+* Sustained disruption of community events, including talks and
  presentations.
- Advocating for, or encouraging, any of the behaviors above.
+* Advocating for, or encouraging, any of the behaviors above.

 ## Reporting and enforcement

@@ -102,72 +102,3 @@ This Code of Conduct is adapted from the
 under a
 [Creative Commons BY-SA](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)
 license.
-
-## Moderating the Zulip community
-
-Anyone can help moderate the Zulip community by helping make sure that folks are
-aware of the [community guidelines](https://zulip.com/development-community/)
-and this Code of Conduct, and that we maintain a positive and respectful
-atmosphere.
-
-Here are some guidelines for you how can help:
-
- Be friendly! Welcoming folks, thanking them for their feedback, ideas and effort,
-  and just trying to keep the atmosphere warm make the whole community function
-  more smoothly. New participants who feel accepted, listened to and respected
-  are likely to treat others the same way.
-
- Be familiar with the [community
-  guidelines](https://zulip.com/development-community/), and cite them liberally
-  when a user violates them. Be polite but firm. Some examples:
-
-  - @user please note that there is no need to @-mention @\_**Tim Abbott** when
-    you ask a question. As noted in the [guidelines for this
-    community](https://zulip.com/development-community/):
-
-    > Use @-mentions sparingly… there is generally no need to @-mention a
-    > core contributor unless you need their timely attention.
-
-  - @user, please keep in mind the following [community
-    guideline](https://zulip.com/development-community/):
-
-    > Don’t ask the same question in multiple places. Moderators read every
-    > public stream, and make sure every question gets a reply.
-
-    I’ve gone ahead and moved the other copy of this message to this thread.
-
-  - If asked a question in a direct message that is better discussed in a public
-    stream:
-    > Hi @user! Please start by reviewing
-    > https://zulip.com/development-community/#community-norms to learn how to
-    > get help in this community.
-
- Users sometimes think chat.zulip.org is a testing instance. When this happens,
-  kindly direct them to use the **#test here** stream.
-
- If you see a message that’s posted in the wrong place, go ahead and move it if
-  you have permissions to do so, even if you don’t plan to respond to it.
-  Leaving the “Send automated notice to new topic” option enabled helps make it
-  clear what happened to the person who sent the message.
-
-  If you are responding to a message that's been moved, mention the user in your
-  reply, so that the mention serves as a notification of the new location for
-  their conversation.
-
- If a user is posting spam, please report it to an administrator. They will:
-
-  - Change the user's name to `<name> (spammer)` and deactivate them.
-  - Delete any spam messages they posted in public streams.
-
- We care very much about maintaining a respectful tone in our community. If you
-  see someone being mean or rude, point out that their tone is inappropriate,
-  and ask them to communicate their perspective in a respectful way in the
-  future. If you don’t feel comfortable doing so yourself, feel free to ask a
-  member of Zulip's core team to take care of the situation.
-
- Try to assume the best intentions from others (given the range of
-  possibilities presented by their visible behavior), and stick with a friendly
-  and positive tone even when someone’s behavior is poor or disrespectful.
-  Everyone has bad days and stressful situations that can result in them
-  behaving not their best, and while we should be firm about our community
-  rules, we should also enforce them with kindness.
--- a/CONTRIBUTING.md
+++ b/CONTRIBUTING.md
@@ -1,36 +1,24 @@
-# Contributing guide
+# Contributing to Zulip

 Welcome to the Zulip community!

-## Zulip development community
+## Community

-The primary communication forum for the Zulip community is the Zulip
-server hosted at [chat.zulip.org](https://chat.zulip.org/):
+The
+[Zulip community server](https://zulip.readthedocs.io/en/latest/contributing/chat-zulip-org.html)
+is the primary communication forum for the Zulip community. It is a good
+place to start whether you have a question, are a new contributor, are a new
+user, or anything else. Make sure to read the
+[community norms](https://zulip.readthedocs.io/en/latest/contributing/chat-zulip-org.html#community-norms)
+before posting. The Zulip community is also governed by a
+[code of conduct](https://zulip.readthedocs.io/en/latest/code-of-conduct.html).

- **Users** and **administrators** of Zulip organizations stop by to
-  ask questions, offer feedback, and participate in product design
-  discussions.
- **Contributors to the project**, including the **core Zulip
-  development team**, discuss ongoing and future projects, brainstorm
-  ideas, and generally help each other out.
-
-Everyone is welcome to [sign up](https://chat.zulip.org/) and
-participate — we love hearing from our users! Public streams in the
-community receive thousands of messages a week. We recommend signing
-up using the special invite links for
-[users](https://chat.zulip.org/join/t5crtoe62bpcxyisiyglmtvb/),
-[self-hosters](https://chat.zulip.org/join/wnhv3jzm6afa4raenedanfno/)
-and
-[contributors](https://chat.zulip.org/join/npzwak7vpmaknrhxthna3c7p/)
-to get a curated list of initial stream subscriptions.
-
-To learn how to get started participating in the community, including [community
-norms](https://zulip.com/development-community/#community-norms) and [where to
-post](https://zulip.com/development-community/#where-do-i-send-my-message),
-check out our [Zulip development community
-guide](https://zulip.com/development-community/). The Zulip community is
-governed by a [code of
-conduct](https://zulip.readthedocs.io/en/latest/code-of-conduct.html).
+You can subscribe to
+[zulip-devel-announce@googlegroups.com](https://groups.google.com/g/zulip-devel-announce)
+or our [Twitter](https://twitter.com/zulip) account for a very low
+traffic (<1 email/month) way to hear about things like mentorship
+opportunities with Google Summer of Code, in-person sprints at
+conferences, and other opportunities to contribute.

 ## Ways to contribute

@@ -38,293 +26,198 @@ To make a code or documentation contribution, read our
 [step-by-step guide](#your-first-codebase-contribution) to getting
 started with the Zulip codebase. A small sample of the type of work that
 needs doing:
-
- Bug squashing and feature development on our Python/Django
+* Bug squashing and feature development on our Python/Django
  [backend](https://github.com/zulip/zulip), web
  [frontend](https://github.com/zulip/zulip), React Native
  [mobile app](https://github.com/zulip/zulip-mobile), or Electron
  [desktop app](https://github.com/zulip/zulip-desktop).
- Building out our
+* Building out our
  [Python API and bots](https://github.com/zulip/python-zulip-api) framework.
- [Writing an integration](https://zulip.com/api/integrations-overview).
- Improving our [user](https://zulip.com/help/) or
+* [Writing an integration](https://zulip.com/api/integrations-overview).
+* Improving our [user](https://zulip.com/help/) or
  [developer](https://zulip.readthedocs.io/en/latest/) documentation.
- [Reviewing code](https://zulip.readthedocs.io/en/latest/contributing/code-reviewing.html)
+* [Reviewing code](https://zulip.readthedocs.io/en/latest/contributing/code-reviewing.html)
  and manually testing pull requests.

 **Non-code contributions**: Some of the most valuable ways to contribute
-don't require touching the codebase at all. For example, you can:
+don't require touching the codebase at all. We list a few of them below:

- Report issues, including both [feature
-  requests](https://zulip.readthedocs.io/en/latest/contributing/suggesting-features.html)
-  and [bug
-  reports](https://zulip.readthedocs.io/en/latest/contributing/reporting-bugs.html).
- [Give feedback](#user-feedback) if you are evaluating or using Zulip.
- [Participate
-  thoughtfully](https://zulip.readthedocs.io/en/latest/contributing/design-discussions.html)
-  in design discussions.
- [Sponsor Zulip](https://github.com/sponsors/zulip) through the GitHub sponsors program.
- [Translate](https://zulip.readthedocs.io/en/latest/translating/translating.html)
-  Zulip into your language.
- [Stay connected](#stay-connected) with Zulip, and [help others
-  find us](#help-others-find-zulip).
+* [Reporting issues](#reporting-issues), including both feature requests and
+  bug reports.
+* [Giving feedback](#user-feedback) if you are evaluating or using Zulip.
+* [Sponsor Zulip](https://github.com/sponsors/zulip) through the GitHub sponsors program.
+* [Translating](https://zulip.readthedocs.io/en/latest/translating/translating.html)
+  Zulip.
+* [Outreach](#zulip-outreach): Star us on GitHub, upvote us
+  on product comparison sites, or write for [the Zulip blog](https://blog.zulip.org/).

-## Your first codebase contribution
+## Your first (codebase) contribution

 This section has a step by step guide to starting as a Zulip codebase
 contributor. It's long, but don't worry about doing all the steps perfectly;
 no one gets it right the first time, and there are a lot of people available
 to help.
-
- First, make an account on the
-  [Zulip community server](https://zulip.com/development-community/),
-  paying special attention to the
-  [community norms](https://zulip.com/development-community/#community-norms).
-  If you'd like, introduce yourself in
+* First, make an account on the
+  [Zulip community server](https://zulip.readthedocs.io/en/latest/contributing/chat-zulip-org.html),
+  paying special attention to the community norms. If you'd like, introduce
+  yourself in
  [#new members](https://chat.zulip.org/#narrow/stream/95-new-members), using
  your name as the topic. Bonus: tell us about your first impressions of
-  Zulip, and anything that felt confusing/broken or interesting/helpful as you
-  started using the product.
- Read [What makes a great Zulip contributor](#what-makes-a-great-zulip-contributor).
- [Install the development environment](https://zulip.readthedocs.io/en/latest/development/overview.html),
+  Zulip, and anything that felt confusing/broken as you started using the
+  product.
+* Read [What makes a great Zulip contributor](#what-makes-a-great-zulip-contributor).
+* [Install the development environment](https://zulip.readthedocs.io/en/latest/development/overview.html),
  getting help in
-  [#provision help](https://chat.zulip.org/#narrow/stream/21-provision-help)
+  [#development help](https://chat.zulip.org/#narrow/stream/49-development-help)
  if you run into any troubles.
- Familiarize yourself with [using the development environment](https://zulip.readthedocs.io/en/latest/development/using.html).
- Go through the [new application feature
-  tutorial](https://zulip.readthedocs.io/en/latest/tutorials/new-feature-tutorial.html) to get familiar with
-  how the Zulip codebase is organized and how to find code in it.
- Read the [Zulip guide to
-  Git](https://zulip.readthedocs.io/en/latest/git/index.html) if you
-  are unfamiliar with Git or Zulip's rebase-based Git workflow,
-  getting help in [#git
-  help](https://chat.zulip.org/#narrow/stream/44-git-help) if you run
-  into any troubles. Even Git experts should read the [Zulip-specific
-  Git tools
-  page](https://zulip.readthedocs.io/en/latest/git/zulip-tools.html).
+* Read the
+  [Zulip guide to Git](https://zulip.readthedocs.io/en/latest/git/index.html)
+  and do the Git tutorial (coming soon) if you are unfamiliar with
+  Git, getting help in
+  [#git help](https://chat.zulip.org/#narrow/stream/44-git-help) if
+  you run into any troubles.  Be sure to check out the
+  [extremely useful Zulip-specific tools page](https://zulip.readthedocs.io/en/latest/git/zulip-tools.html).

-### Where to look for an issue
+### Picking an issue

-Now you're ready to pick your first issue! Zulip has several repositories you
-can check out, depending on your interests. There are hundreds of open issues in
-the [main Zulip server and web app
-repository](https://github.com/zulip/zulip/issues?q=is%3Aopen+is%3Aissue+label%3A%22help+wanted%22)
-alone.
+Now, you're ready to pick your first issue! There are hundreds of open issues
+in the main codebase alone. This section will help you find an issue to work
+on.

-You can look through issues tagged with the "help wanted" label, which is used
-to indicate the issues that are ready for contributions. Some repositories also
-use the "good first issue" label to tag issues that are especially approachable
-for new contributors.
-
- [Server and web app](https://github.com/zulip/zulip/issues?q=is%3Aopen+is%3Aissue+label%3A%22help+wanted%22)
- [Mobile apps](https://github.com/zulip/zulip-mobile/issues?q=is%3Aopen+is%3Aissue+label%3A%22help+wanted%22)
- [Desktop app](https://github.com/zulip/zulip-desktop/issues?q=is%3Aopen+is%3Aissue+label%3A%22help+wanted%22)
- [Terminal app](https://github.com/zulip/zulip-terminal/issues?q=is%3Aopen+is%3Aissue+label%3A"help+wanted")
- [Python API bindings and bots](https://github.com/zulip/python-zulip-api/issues?q=is%3Aopen+is%3Aissue+label%3A%22help+wanted%22)
-
-### Picking an issue to work on
-
-There's a lot to learn while making your first pull request, so start small!
-Many first contributions have fewer than 10 lines of changes (not counting
-changes to tests).
-
-We recommend the following process for finding an issue to work on:
-
-1. Read the description of an issue tagged with the "help wanted" label and make
-   sure you understand it.
-2. If it seems promising, poke around the product
-   (on [chat.zulip.org](https://chat.zulip.org) or in the development
-   environment) until you know how the piece being
-   described fits into the bigger picture. If after some exploration the
-   description seems confusing or ambiguous, post a question on the GitHub
-   issue, as others may benefit from the clarification as well.
-3. When you find an issue you like, try to get started working on it. See if you
-   can find the part of the code you'll need to modify (`git grep` is your
-   friend!) and get some idea of how you'll approach the problem.
-4. If you feel lost, that's OK! Go through these steps again with another issue.
-   There's plenty to work on, and the exploration you do will help you learn
-   more about the project.
-
-Note that you are _not_ claiming an issue while you are iterating through steps
-1-4. _Before you claim an issue_, you should be confident that you will be able to
-tackle it effectively.
-
-Additional tips for the [main server and web app
-repository](https://github.com/zulip/zulip/issues?q=is%3Aopen+is%3Aissue+label%3A%22help+wanted%22):
-
- We especially recommend browsing recently opened issues, as there are more
-  likely to be easy ones for you to find.
- Take a look at issues with the ["good first issue"
-  label](https://github.com/zulip/zulip/issues?q=is%3Aopen+is%3Aissue+label%3A%22good+first+issue%22),
-  as they are especially accessible to new contributors. However, you will
-  likely find issues without this label that are accessible as well.
- All issues are partitioned into areas like
+* If you're interested in
+  [mobile](https://github.com/zulip/zulip-mobile/issues?q=is%3Aopen+is%3Aissue),
+  [desktop](https://github.com/zulip/zulip-desktop/issues?q=is%3Aopen+is%3Aissue),
+  or
+  [bots](https://github.com/zulip/python-zulip-api/issues?q=is%3Aopen+is%3Aissue)
+  development, check the respective links for open issues, or post in
+  [#mobile](https://chat.zulip.org/#narrow/stream/48-mobile),
+  [#desktop](https://chat.zulip.org/#narrow/stream/16-desktop), or
+  [#integration](https://chat.zulip.org/#narrow/stream/127-integrations).
+* For the main server and web repository, we recommend browsing
+  recently opened issues to look for issues you are confident you can
+  fix correctly in a way that clearly communicates why your changes
+  are the correct fix.  Our GitHub workflow bot, zulipbot, limits
+  users who have 0 commits merged to claiming a single issue labeled
+  with "good first issue" or "help wanted".
+* We also partition all of our issues in the main repo into areas like
  admin, compose, emoji, hotkeys, i18n, onboarding, search, etc. Look
  through our [list of labels](https://github.com/zulip/zulip/labels), and
  click on some of the `area:` labels to see all the issues related to your
  areas of interest.
- Avoid issues with the "difficult" label unless you
-  understand why it is difficult and are highly confident you can resolve the
-  issue correctly and completely.
+* If the lists of issues are overwhelming, post in
+  [#new members](https://chat.zulip.org/#narrow/stream/95-new-members) with a
+  bit about your background and interests, and we'll help you out. The most
+  important thing to say is whether you're looking for a backend (Python),
+  frontend (JavaScript and TypeScript), mobile (React Native), desktop (Electron),
+  documentation (English) or visual design (JavaScript/TypeScript + CSS) issue, and a
+  bit about your programming experience and available time.

-### Claiming an issue
+We also welcome suggestions of features that you feel would be valuable or
+changes that you feel would make Zulip a better open source project. If you
+have a new feature you'd like to add, we recommend you start by posting in
+[#new members](https://chat.zulip.org/#narrow/stream/95-new-members) with the
+feature idea and the problem that you're hoping to solve.

-#### In the main server/web app repository and Zulip Terminal repository
-
-The Zulip server/web app repository
-([`zulip/zulip`](https://github.com/zulip/zulip/)) and the Zulip Terminal
-repository ([`zulip/zulip-terminal`](https://github.com/zulip/zulip-terminal/))
-are set up with a GitHub workflow bot called
-[Zulipbot](https://github.com/zulip/zulipbot), which manages issues and pull
-requests in order to create a better workflow for Zulip contributors.
-
-To claim an issue in these repositories, simply post a comment that says
-`@zulipbot claim` to the issue thread. If the issue is tagged with a [help
-wanted](https://github.com/zulip/zulip/issues?q=is%3Aopen+is%3Aissue+label%3A%22help+wanted%22)
-label, Zulipbot will immediately assign the issue to you.
-
-Note that new contributors can only claim one issue until their first pull request is
-merged. This is to encourage folks to finish ongoing work before starting
-something new. If you would like to pick up a new issue while waiting for review
-on an almost-ready pull request, you can post a comment to this effect on the
-issue you're interested in.
-
-#### In other Zulip repositories
-
-There is no bot for other Zulip repositories
-([`zulip/zulip-mobile`](https://github.com/zulip/zulip-mobile/), etc.). If
-you are interested in claiming an issue in one of these repositories, simply
-post a comment on the issue thread saying that you'd like to work on it. There
-is no need to @-mention the issue creator in your comment.
-
-Please follow the same guidelines as described above: find an issue labeled
-"help wanted", and only pick up one issue at a time to start with.
+Other notes:
+* For a first pull request, it's better to aim for a smaller contribution
+  than a bigger one. Many first contributions have fewer than 10 lines of
+  changes (not counting changes to tests).
+* The full list of issues explicitly looking for a contributor can be
+  found with the
+  [good first issue](https://github.com/zulip/zulip/issues?q=is%3Aopen+is%3Aissue+label%3A%22good+first+issue%22)
+  and
+  [help wanted](https://github.com/zulip/zulip/issues?q=is%3Aopen+is%3Aissue+label%3A%22help+wanted%22)
+  labels.  Avoid issues with the "difficult" label unless you
+  understand why it is difficult and are confident you can resolve the
+  issue correctly and completely.  Issues without one of these labels
+  are fair game if Tim has written a clear technical design proposal
+  in the issue, or it is a bug that you can reproduce and you are
+  confident you can fix the issue correctly.
+* For most new contributors, there's a lot to learn while making your first
+  pull request. It's OK if it takes you a while; that's normal! You'll be
+  able to work a lot faster as you build experience.

 ### Working on an issue

-You're encouraged to ask questions on how to best implement or debug your
-changes -- the Zulip maintainers are excited to answer questions to help you
-stay unblocked and working efficiently. You can ask questions in the [Zulip
-development community](https://zulip.com/development-community/), or on the
-GitHub issue or pull request.
+To work on an issue, claim it by adding a comment with `@zulipbot claim` to
+the issue thread. [Zulipbot](https://github.com/zulip/zulipbot) is a GitHub
+workflow bot; it will assign you to the issue and label the issue as "in
+progress". Some additional notes:

-To get early feedback on any UI changes, we encourage you to post screenshots of
-your work in the [#design
-stream](https://chat.zulip.org/#narrow/stream/101-design) in the [Zulip
-development community](https://zulip.com/development-community/)
+* You can only claim issues with the
+  [good first issue](https://github.com/zulip/zulip/issues?q=is%3Aopen+is%3Aissue+label%3A%22good+first+issue%22)
+  or
+  [help wanted](https://github.com/zulip/zulip/issues?q=is%3Aopen+is%3Aissue+label%3A%22help+wanted%22)
+  labels. Zulipbot will give you an error if you try to claim an issue
+  without one of those labels.
+* You're encouraged to ask questions on how to best implement or debug your
+  changes -- the Zulip maintainers are excited to answer questions to help
+  you stay unblocked and working efficiently. You can ask questions on
+  chat.zulip.org, or on the GitHub issue or pull request.
+* We encourage early pull requests for work in progress. Prefix the title of
+  work in progress pull requests with `[WIP]`, and remove the prefix when
+  you think it might be mergeable and want it to be reviewed.
+* After updating a PR, add a comment to the GitHub thread mentioning that it
+  is ready for another review. GitHub only notifies maintainers of the
+  changes when you post a comment, so if you don't, your PR will likely be
+  neglected by accident!

-For more advice, see [What makes a great Zulip
-contributor?](#what-makes-a-great-zulip-contributor) below. It's OK if your
-first issue takes you a while; that's normal! You'll be able to work a lot
-faster as you build experience.
+### And beyond

-### Submitting a pull request
-
-See the [pull request review
-process](https://zulip.readthedocs.io/en/latest/contributing/review-process.html)
-guide for detailed instructions on how to submit a pull request, and information
-on the stages of review your PR will go through.
-
-### Beyond the first issue
-
-To find a second issue to work on, we recommend looking through issues with the same
+A great place to look for a second issue is to look for issues with the same
 `area:` label as the last issue you resolved. You'll be able to reuse the
 work you did learning how that part of the codebase works. Also, the path to
 becoming a core developer often involves taking ownership of one of these area
 labels.

-### Common questions
-
- **What if somebody is already working on the issue I want do claim?** There
-  are lots of issue to work on! If somebody else is actively working on the
-  issue, you can find a different one, or help with
-  reviewing their work.
- **What if somebody else claims an issue while I'm figuring out whether or not to
-  work on it?** No worries! You can contribute by providing feedback on
-  their pull request. If you've made good progress in understanding part of the
-  codebase, you can also find another "help wanted" issue in the same area to
-  work on.
- **What if there is already a pull request for the issue I want to work on?**
-  Start by reviewing the existing work. If you agree with the approach, you can
-  use the existing pull request (PR) as a starting point for your contribution. If
-  you think a different approach is needed, you can post a new PR, with a comment that clearly
-  explains _why_ you decided to start from scratch.
- **What if I ask if someone is still working on an issue, and they don't
-  respond?** If you don't get a reply within 2-3 days, go ahead and post a comment
-  that you are working on the issue, and submit a pull request. If the original
-  assignee ends up submitting a pull request first, no worries! You can help by
-  providing feedback on their work, or submit your own PR if you think a
-  different approach is needed (as described above).
- **Can I come up with my own feature idea and work on it?** We welcome
-  suggestions of features or other improvements that you feel would be valuable. If you
-  have a new feature you'd like to add, you can start a conversation [in our
-  development community](https://zulip.com/development-community/#where-do-i-send-my-message)
-  explaining the feature idea and the problem that you're hoping to solve.
- **I'm waiting for the next round of review on my PR. Can I pick up
-  another issue in the meantime?** Someone's first Zulip PR often
-  requires quite a bit of iteration, so please [make sure your pull
-  request is reviewable][reviewable-pull-requests] and go through at
-  least one round of feedback from others before picking up a second
-  issue. After that, sure! If
-  [Zulipbot](https://github.com/zulip/zulipbot) does not allow you to
-  claim an issue, you can post a comment describing the status of your
-  other work on the issue you're interested in, and asking for the
-  issue to be assigned to you. Note that addressing feedback on
-  in-progress PRs should always take priority over starting a new PR.
- **I think my PR is done, but it hasn't been merged yet. What's going on?**
-  1. **Double-check that you have addressed all the feedback**, including any comments
-     on [Git commit
-     discipline](https://zulip.readthedocs.io/en/latest/contributing/commit-discipline.html).
-  2. If all the feedback has been addressed, did you [leave a
-     comment](https://zulip.readthedocs.io/en/latest/contributing/review-process.html#how-to-help-move-the-review-process-forward)
-     explaining that you have done so and **requesting another review**? If not,
-     it may not be clear to project maintainers or reviewers that your PR is
-     ready for another look.
-  3. There may be a pause between initial rounds of review for your PR and final
-     review by project maintainers. This is normal, and we encourage you to **work
-     on other issues** while you wait.
-  4. If you think the PR is ready and haven't seen any updates for a couple
-     of weeks, it can be helpful to **leave another comment**. Summarize the
-     overall state of the review process and your work, and indicate that you
-     are waiting for a review.
-  5. Finally, **Zulip project maintainers are people too**! They may be busy
-     with other work, and sometimes they might even take a vacation. ;) It can
-     occasionally take a few weeks for a PR in the final stages of the review
-     process to be merged.
-
-[reviewable-pull-requests]: https://zulip.readthedocs.io/en/latest/contributing/reviewable-prs.html
-
 ## What makes a great Zulip contributor?

-Zulip has a lot of experience working with new contributors. In our
+Zulip has a lot of experience working with new contributors.  In our
 experience, these are the best predictors of success:

- [Asking great questions][great-questions]. It's very hard to answer a general
-  question like, "How do I do this issue?" When asking for help, explain your
-  current understanding, including what you've done or tried so far and where
-  you got stuck. Post tracebacks or other error messages if appropriate. For
-  more advice, check out [our guide][great-questions]!
- Learning and practicing
-  [Git commit discipline](https://zulip.readthedocs.io/en/latest/contributing/commit-discipline.html).
- Submitting carefully tested code. See our [detailed guide on how to review
-  code](https://zulip.readthedocs.io/en/latest/contributing/code-reviewing.html#how-to-review-code)
-  (yours or someone else's).
- Posting
+* Posting good questions. This generally means explaining your current
+  understanding, saying what you've done or tried so far, and including
+  tracebacks or other error messages if appropriate.
+* Learning and practicing
+  [Git commit discipline](https://zulip.readthedocs.io/en/latest/contributing/version-control.html#commit-discipline).
+* Submitting carefully tested code. This generally means checking your work
+  through a combination of automated tests and manually clicking around the
+  UI trying to find bugs in your work. See
+  [things to look for](https://zulip.readthedocs.io/en/latest/contributing/code-reviewing.html#things-to-look-for)
+  for additional ideas.
+* Posting
  [screenshots or GIFs](https://zulip.readthedocs.io/en/latest/tutorials/screenshot-and-gif-software.html)
  for frontend changes.
- Working to [make your pull requests easy to
-  review](https://zulip.readthedocs.io/en/latest/contributing/reviewable-prs.html).
- Clearly describing what you have implemented and why. For example, if your
-  implementation differs from the issue description in some way or is a partial
-  step towards the requirements described in the issue, be sure to call
-  out those differences.
- Being responsive to feedback on pull requests. This means incorporating or
+* Being responsive to feedback on pull requests. This means incorporating or
  responding to all suggested changes, and leaving a note if you won't be
  able to address things within a few days.
- Being helpful and friendly on the [Zulip community
-  server](https://zulip.com/development-community/).
+* Being helpful and friendly on chat.zulip.org.

-[great-questions]: https://zulip.readthedocs.io/en/latest/contributing/asking-great-questions.html
+These are also the main criteria we use to select candidates for all
+of our outreach programs.
+
+## Reporting issues
+
+If you find an easily reproducible bug and/or are experienced in reporting
+bugs, feel free to just open an issue on the relevant project on GitHub.
+
+If you have a feature request or are not yet sure what the underlying bug
+is, the best place to post issues is
+[#issues](https://chat.zulip.org/#narrow/stream/9-issues) (or
+[#mobile](https://chat.zulip.org/#narrow/stream/48-mobile) or
+[#desktop](https://chat.zulip.org/#narrow/stream/16-desktop)) on the
+[Zulip community server](https://zulip.readthedocs.io/en/latest/contributing/chat-zulip-org.html).
+This allows us to interactively figure out what is going on, let you know if
+a similar issue has already been opened, and collect any other information
+we need. Choose a 2-4 word topic that describes the issue, explain the issue
+and how to reproduce it if known, your browser/OS if relevant, and a
+[screenshot or screenGIF](https://zulip.readthedocs.io/en/latest/tutorials/screenshot-and-gif-software.html)
+if appropriate.
+
+**Reporting security issues**. Please do not report security issues
+  publicly, including on public streams on chat.zulip.org. You can
+  email security@zulip.com.  We create a CVE for every security
+  issue in our released software.

 ## User feedback

@@ -334,67 +227,116 @@ hear about your experience with the product. If you're not sure what to
 write, here are some questions we're always very curious to know the answer
 to:

- Evaluation: What is the process by which your organization chose or will
+* Evaluation: What is the process by which your organization chose or will
  choose a group chat product?
- Pros and cons: What are the pros and cons of Zulip for your organization,
+* Pros and cons: What are the pros and cons of Zulip for your organization,
  and the pros and cons of other products you are evaluating?
- Features: What are the features that are most important for your
+* Features: What are the features that are most important for your
  organization? In the best-case scenario, what would your chat solution do
  for you?
- Onboarding: If you remember it, what was your impression during your first
+* Onboarding: If you remember it, what was your impression during your first
  few minutes of using Zulip? What did you notice, and how did you feel? Was
  there anything that stood out to you as confusing, or broken, or great?
- Organization: What does your organization do? How big is the organization?
+* Organization: What does your organization do? How big is the organization?
  A link to your organization's website?

-You can contact us in the [#feedback stream of the Zulip development
-community](https://chat.zulip.org/#narrow/stream/137-feedback) or
-by emailing [support@zulip.com](mailto:support@zulip.com).
-
 ## Outreach programs

-Zulip regularly participates in [Google Summer of Code
-(GSoC)](https://developers.google.com/open-source/gsoc/) and
-[Outreachy](https://www.outreachy.org/). We have been a GSoC mentoring
-organization since 2016, and we accept 15-20 GSoC participants each summer. In
-the past, we’ve also participated in [Google
-Code-In](https://developers.google.com/open-source/gci/), and hosted summer
-interns from Harvard, MIT, and Stanford.
+Zulip participates in [Google Summer of Code
+(GSoC)](https://developers.google.com/open-source/gsoc/) every year.
+In the past, we've also participated in
+[Outreachy](https://www.outreachy.org/), [Google
+Code-In](https://developers.google.com/open-source/gci/), and hosted
+summer interns from Harvard, MIT, and Stanford.

-Check out our [outreach programs
-overview](https://zulip.readthedocs.io/en/latest/outreach/overview.html) to learn
-more about participating in an outreach program with Zulip. Most of our program
-participants end up sticking around the project long-term, and many have become
-core team members, maintaining important parts of the project. We hope you
-apply!
+While each third-party program has its own rules and requirements, the
+Zulip community's approaches all of these programs with these ideas in
+mind:
+* We try to make the application process as valuable for the applicant as
+  possible. Expect high-quality code reviews, a supportive community, and
+  publicly viewable patches you can link to from your resume, regardless of
+  whether you are selected.
+* To apply, you'll have to submit at least one pull request to a Zulip
+  repository.  Most students accepted to one of our programs have
+  several merged pull requests (including at least one larger PR) by
+  the time of the application deadline.
+* The main criteria we use is quality of your best contributions, and
+  the bullets listed at
+  [What makes a great Zulip contributor](#what-makes-a-great-zulip-contributor).
+  Because we focus on evaluating your best work, it doesn't hurt your
+  application to makes mistakes in your first few PRs as long as your
+  work improves.

-## Stay connected
+Most of our outreach program participants end up sticking around the
+project long-term, and many have become core team members, maintaining
+important parts of the project. We hope you apply!

-Even if you are not logging into the development community on a regular basis,
-you can still stay connected with the project.
+### Google Summer of Code

- Follow us [on Twitter](https://twitter.com/zulip).
- Subscribe to [our blog](https://blog.zulip.org/).
- Join or follow the project [on LinkedIn](https://www.linkedin.com/company/zulip-project/).
+The largest outreach program Zulip participates in is GSoC (14
+students in 2017; 11 in 2018; 17 in 2019; 18 in 2020).  While we don't control how
+many slots Google allocates to Zulip, we hope to mentor a similar
+number of students in future summers.

-## Help others find Zulip
+If you're reading this well before the application deadline and want
+to make your application strong, we recommend getting involved in the
+community and fixing issues in Zulip now. Having good contributions
+and building a reputation for doing good work is the best way to have
+a strong application.  About half of Zulip's GSoC students for Summer
+2017 had made significant contributions to the project by February
+2017, and about half had not.  Our
+[GSoC project ideas page][gsoc-guide] has lots more details on how
+Zulip does GSoC, as well as project ideas (though the project idea
+list is maintained only during the GSoC application period, so if
+you're looking at some other time of year, the project list is likely
+out-of-date).

-Here are some ways you can help others find Zulip:
+We also have in some past years run a Zulip Summer of Code (ZSoC)
+program for students who we didn't have enough slots to accept for
+GSoC but were able to find funding for.  Student expectations are the
+same as with GSoC, and it has no separate application process; your
+GSoC application is your ZSoC application.  If we'd like to select you
+for ZSoC, we'll contact you when the GSoC results are announced.

- Star us on GitHub. There are four main repositories:
+[gsoc-guide]: https://zulip.readthedocs.io/en/latest/contributing/gsoc-ideas.html
+[gsoc-faq]: https://developers.google.com/open-source/gsoc/faq
+
+## Zulip outreach
+
+**Upvoting Zulip**. Upvotes and reviews make a big difference in the public
+perception of projects like Zulip. We've collected a few sites below
+where we know Zulip has been discussed. Doing everything in the following
+list typically takes about 15 minutes.
+* Star us on GitHub. There are four main repositories:
  [server/web](https://github.com/zulip/zulip),
  [mobile](https://github.com/zulip/zulip-mobile),
  [desktop](https://github.com/zulip/zulip-desktop), and
  [Python API](https://github.com/zulip/python-zulip-api).
+* [Follow us](https://twitter.com/zulip) on Twitter.

- "Like" and retweet [our tweets](https://twitter.com/zulip).
+For both of the following, you'll need to make an account on the site if you
+don't already have one.

- Upvote and post feedback on Zulip on comparison websites. A couple specific
-  ones to highlight:
+* [Like Zulip](https://alternativeto.net/software/zulip-chat-server/) on
+  AlternativeTo. We recommend upvoting a couple of other products you like
+  as well, both to give back to their community, and since single-upvote
+  accounts are generally given less weight. You can also
+  [upvote Zulip](https://alternativeto.net/software/slack/) on their page
+  for Slack.
+* [Add Zulip to your stack](https://stackshare.io/zulip) on StackShare, star
+  it, and upvote the reasons why people like Zulip that you find most
+  compelling. Again, we recommend adding a few other products that you like
+  as well.

-  - [AlternativeTo](https://alternativeto.net/software/zulip-chat-server/). You can also
-    [upvote Zulip](https://alternativeto.net/software/slack/) on their page
-    for Slack.
-  - [Add Zulip to your stack](https://stackshare.io/zulip) on StackShare, star
-    it, and upvote the reasons why people like Zulip that you find most
-    compelling.
+We have a doc with more detailed instructions and a few other sites, if you
+have been using Zulip for a while and want to contribute more.
+
+**Blog posts**. Writing a blog post about your experiences with Zulip, or
+about a technical aspect of Zulip can be a great way to spread the word
+about Zulip.
+
+We also occasionally [publish](https://blog.zulip.org/) long-form
+articles related to Zulip. Our posts typically get tens of thousands
+of views, and we always have good ideas for blog posts that we can
+outline but don't have time to write. If you are an experienced writer
+or copyeditor, send us a portfolio; we'd love to talk!
--- a/20
+++ b/20
@@ -1,25 +1,15 @@
-# This is a multiarch Dockerfile.  See https://docs.docker.com/desktop/multi-arch/
-#
-# To set up the first time:
-#     docker buildx create --name multiarch --use
-#
-# To build:
-#     docker buildx build --platform linux/amd64,linux/arm64 \
-#       -f ./Dockerfile-postgresql -t zulip/zulip-postgresql:14 --push .
+# To build run `docker build -f Dockerfile-postgresql .` from the root of the
+# zulip repo.

 # Currently the PostgreSQL images do not support automatic upgrading of
-# the on-disk data in volumes. So the base image cannot currently be upgraded
+# the on-disk data in volumes. So the base image can not currently be upgraded
 # without users needing a manual pgdump and restore.

-# https://hub.docker.com/r/groonga/pgroonga/tags
-ARG PGROONGA_VERSION=latest
-ARG POSTGRESQL_VERSION=14
-FROM groonga/pgroonga:$PGROONGA_VERSION-alpine-$POSTGRESQL_VERSION-slim
-
 # Install hunspell, Zulip stop words, and run Zulip database
 # init.
+FROM groonga/pgroonga:latest-alpine-10-slim
 RUN apk add -U --no-cache hunspell-en
-RUN ln -sf /usr/share/hunspell/en_US.dic /usr/local/share/postgresql/tsearch_data/en_us.dict && ln -sf /usr/share/hunspell/en_US.aff /usr/local/share/postgresql/tsearch_data/en_us.affix
+RUN ln -sf /usr/share/hunspell/en_US.dic /usr/local/share/postgresql/tsearch_data/en_us.dict && ln -sf /usr/share/hunspell/en_US.aff /usr/local/share/postgresql/tsearch_data/en_us.affix 
 COPY puppet/zulip/files/postgresql/zulip_english.stop /usr/local/share/postgresql/tsearch_data/zulip_english.stop
 COPY scripts/setup/create-db.sql /docker-entrypoint-initdb.d/zulip-create-db.sql
 COPY scripts/setup/create-pgroonga.sql /docker-entrypoint-initdb.d/zulip-create-pgroonga.sql
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -1,23 +1,16 @@
 # Zulip overview

-[Zulip](https://zulip.com) is an open-source team collaboration tool with unique
-[topic-based threading][why-zulip] that combines the best of email and chat to
-make remote work productive and delightful. Fortune 500 companies, [leading open
-source projects][rust-case-study], and thousands of other organizations use
-Zulip every day. Zulip is the only [modern team chat app][features] that is
-designed for both live and asynchronous conversations.
+Zulip is a powerful, open source group chat application that combines the
+immediacy of real-time chat with the productivity benefits of threaded
+conversations. Zulip is used by open source projects, Fortune 500 companies,
+large standards bodies, and others who need a real-time chat system that
+allows users to easily process hundreds or thousands of messages a day. With
+over 700 contributors merging over 500 commits a month, Zulip is also the
+largest and fastest growing open source group chat project.

-Zulip is built by a distributed community of developers from all around the
-world, with 74+ people who have each contributed 100+ commits. With
-over 1000 contributors merging over 500 commits a month, Zulip is the
-largest and fastest growing open source team chat project.
-
-Come find us on the [development community chat](https://zulip.com/development-community/)!
-
-[![GitHub Actions build status](https://github.com/zulip/zulip/actions/workflows/zulip-ci.yml/badge.svg)](https://github.com/zulip/zulip/actions/workflows/zulip-ci.yml?query=branch%3Amain)
-[![coverage status](https://img.shields.io/codecov/c/github/zulip/zulip/main.svg)](https://codecov.io/gh/zulip/zulip)
+[![GitHub Actions build status](https://github.com/zulip/zulip/actions/workflows/zulip-ci.yml/badge.svg?branch=master)](https://github.com/zulip/zulip/actions/workflows/zulip-ci.yml?query=branch%3Amaster)
+[![coverage status](https://img.shields.io/codecov/c/github/zulip/zulip/master.svg)](https://codecov.io/gh/zulip/zulip/branch/master)
 [![Mypy coverage](https://img.shields.io/badge/mypy-100%25-green.svg)][mypy-coverage]
-[![Ruff](https://img.shields.io/endpoint?url=https://raw.githubusercontent.com/astral-sh/ruff/main/assets/badge/v2.json)](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff)
 [![code style: black](https://img.shields.io/badge/code%20style-black-000000.svg)](https://github.com/psf/black)
 [![code style: prettier](https://img.shields.io/badge/code_style-prettier-ff69b4.svg)](https://github.com/prettier/prettier)
 [![GitHub release](https://img.shields.io/github/release/zulip/zulip.svg)](https://github.com/zulip/zulip/releases/latest)
@@ -27,57 +20,61 @@ Come find us on the [development community chat](https://zulip.com/development-c
 [![GitHub Sponsors](https://img.shields.io/github/sponsors/zulip)](https://github.com/sponsors/zulip)

 [mypy-coverage]: https://blog.zulip.org/2016/10/13/static-types-in-python-oh-mypy/
-[why-zulip]: https://zulip.com/why-zulip/
-[rust-case-study]: https://zulip.com/case-studies/rust/
-[features]: https://zulip.com/features/

 ## Getting started

- **Contributing code**. Check out our [guide for new
-  contributors](https://zulip.readthedocs.io/en/latest/contributing/contributing.html)
-  to get started. We have invested in making Zulip’s code highly
-  readable, thoughtfully tested, and easy to modify. Beyond that, we
-  have written an extraordinary 150K words of documentation for Zulip
-  contributors.
+Click on the appropriate link below. If nothing seems to apply,
+join us on the
+[Zulip community server](https://zulip.readthedocs.io/en/latest/contributing/chat-zulip-org.html)
+and tell us what's up!

- **Contributing non-code**. [Report an
-  issue](https://zulip.readthedocs.io/en/latest/contributing/contributing.html#reporting-issues),
-  [translate](https://zulip.readthedocs.io/en/latest/translating/translating.html)
-  Zulip into your language, or [give us
-  feedback](https://zulip.readthedocs.io/en/latest/contributing/contributing.html#user-feedback).
-  We'd love to hear from you, whether you've been using Zulip for years, or are just
-  trying it out for the first time.
+You might be interested in:

- **Checking Zulip out**. The best way to see Zulip in action is to drop by the
-  [Zulip community server](https://zulip.com/development-community/). We also
-  recommend reading about Zulip's [unique
-  approach](https://zulip.com/why-zulip/) to organizing conversations.
+* **Contributing code**. Check out our
+  [guide for new contributors](https://zulip.readthedocs.io/en/latest/overview/contributing.html)
+  to get started.  Zulip prides itself on maintaining a clean and
+  well-tested codebase, and a stock of hundreds of
+  [beginner-friendly issues][beginner-friendly].

- **Running a Zulip server**. Self-host Zulip directly on Ubuntu or Debian
-  Linux, in [Docker](https://github.com/zulip/docker-zulip), or with prebuilt
-  images for [Digital Ocean](https://marketplace.digitalocean.com/apps/zulip) and
-  [Render](https://render.com/docs/deploy-zulip).
-  Learn more about [self-hosting Zulip](https://zulip.com/self-hosting/).
+* **Contributing non-code**.
+  [Report an issue](https://zulip.readthedocs.io/en/latest/overview/contributing.html#reporting-issues),
+  [translate](https://zulip.readthedocs.io/en/latest/translating/translating.html) Zulip
+  into your language,
+  [write](https://zulip.readthedocs.io/en/latest/overview/contributing.html#zulip-outreach)
+  for the Zulip blog, or
+  [give us feedback](https://zulip.readthedocs.io/en/latest/overview/contributing.html#user-feedback). We
+  would love to hear from you, even if you're just trying the product out.

- **Using Zulip without setting up a server**. Learn about [Zulip
-  Cloud](https://zulip.com/plans/) hosting options. Zulip sponsors free [Zulip
-  Cloud Standard](https://zulip.com/plans/) for hundreds of worthy
-  organizations, including [fellow open-source
-  projects](https://zulip.com/for/open-source/).
+* **Supporting Zulip**. Advocate for your organization to use Zulip, become a [sponsor](https://github.com/sponsors/zulip), write a
+  review in the mobile app stores, or
+  [upvote Zulip](https://zulip.readthedocs.io/en/latest/overview/contributing.html#zulip-outreach) on
+  product comparison sites.

- **Participating in [outreach
-  programs](https://zulip.readthedocs.io/en/latest/contributing/contributing.html#outreach-programs)**
-  like [Google Summer of Code](https://developers.google.com/open-source/gsoc/)
-  and [Outreachy](https://www.outreachy.org/).
+* **Checking Zulip out**. The best way to see Zulip in action is to drop by
+  the
+  [Zulip community server](https://zulip.readthedocs.io/en/latest/contributing/chat-zulip-org.html). We
+  also recommend reading Zulip for
+  [open source](https://zulip.com/for/open-source/), Zulip for
+  [companies](https://zulip.com/for/companies/), or Zulip for
+  [working groups and part time communities](https://zulip.com/for/working-groups-and-communities/).

- **Supporting Zulip**. Advocate for your organization to use Zulip, become a
-  [sponsor](https://github.com/sponsors/zulip), write a review in the mobile app
-  stores, or [help others find
-  Zulip](https://zulip.readthedocs.io/en/latest/contributing/contributing.html#help-others-find-zulip).
+* **Running a Zulip server**. Use a preconfigured [DigitalOcean droplet](https://marketplace.digitalocean.com/apps/zulip),
+  [install Zulip](https://zulip.readthedocs.io/en/stable/production/install.html)
+  directly, or use Zulip's
+  experimental [Docker image](https://zulip.readthedocs.io/en/latest/production/deployment.html#zulip-in-docker).
+  Commercial support is available; see <https://zulip.com/plans> for details.

-You may also be interested in reading our [blog](https://blog.zulip.org/), and
-following us on [Twitter](https://twitter.com/zulip) and
-[LinkedIn](https://www.linkedin.com/company/zulip-project/).
+* **Using Zulip without setting up a server**. <https://zulip.com>
+  offers free and commercial hosting, including providing our paid
+  plan for free to fellow open source projects.

+* **Participating in [outreach
+  programs](https://zulip.readthedocs.io/en/latest/overview/contributing.html#outreach-programs)**
+  like Google Summer of Code.
+
+You may also be interested in reading our [blog](https://blog.zulip.org/) or
+following us on [Twitter](https://twitter.com/zulip).
 Zulip is distributed under the
-[Apache 2.0](https://github.com/zulip/zulip/blob/main/LICENSE) license.
+[Apache 2.0](https://github.com/zulip/zulip/blob/master/LICENSE) license.
+
+[beginner-friendly]: https://github.com/zulip/zulip/issues?q=is%3Aopen+is%3Aissue+label%3A%22good+first+issue%22
--- a/SECURITY.md
+++ b/SECURITY.md
@@ -1,11 +1,14 @@
 # Security policy

+Security announcements are sent to zulip-announce@googlegroups.com,
+so you should subscribe if you are running Zulip in production.
+
 ## Reporting a vulnerability

 We love responsible reports of (potential) security issues in Zulip,
 whether in the latest release or our development branch.

-Our security contact is security@zulip.com. Reporters should expect a
+Our security contact is security@zulip.com.  Reporters should expect a
 response within 24 hours.

 Please include details on the issue and how you'd like to be credited
@@ -14,13 +17,6 @@ in our release notes when we publish the fix.
 Our [security model][security-model] document may be a helpful
 resource.

-## Security announcements
-
-We send security announcements to our [announcement mailing
-list](https://groups.google.com/g/zulip-announce). If you are running
-Zulip in production, you should subscribe, by clicking "Join group" at
-the top of that page.
-
 ## Supported versions

 Zulip provides security support for the latest major release, in the
@@ -29,9 +25,8 @@ form of minor security/maintenance releases.
 We work hard to make [upgrades][upgrades] reliable, so that there's no
 reason to run older major releases.

-See also our documentation on the [Zulip release
-lifecycle][release-lifecycle].
+See also our documentation on the [Zulip release lifecycle][release-lifecycle]

 [security-model]: https://zulip.readthedocs.io/en/latest/production/security-model.html
-[upgrades]: https://zulip.readthedocs.io/en/stable/production/upgrade.html#upgrading-to-a-release
-[release-lifecycle]: https://zulip.readthedocs.io/en/latest/overview/release-lifecycle.html
+[upgrades]: https://zulip.readthedocs.io/en/latest/production/upgrade-or-modify.html#upgrading-to-a-release
+[release-cycle]: https://zulip.readthedocs.io/en/latest/overview/release-lifecycle.html
--- a/112
+++ b/112
@@ -1,8 +1,48 @@
 # -*- mode: ruby -*-

-Vagrant.require_version ">= 2.2.6"
+VAGRANTFILE_API_VERSION = "2"
+
+if Vagrant::VERSION == "1.8.7"
+  path = `command -v curl`
+  if path.include?("/opt/vagrant/embedded/bin/curl")
+    puts "In Vagrant 1.8.7, curl is broken. Please use Vagrant 2.0.2 " \
+         "or run 'sudo rm -f /opt/vagrant/embedded/bin/curl' to fix the " \
+         "issue before provisioning. See " \
+         "https://github.com/mitchellh/vagrant/issues/7997 " \
+         "for reference."
+    exit
+  end
+end
+
+# Workaround: Vagrant removed the atlas.hashicorp.com to
+# vagrantcloud.com redirect in February 2018. The value of
+# DEFAULT_SERVER_URL in Vagrant versions less than 1.9.3 is
+# atlas.hashicorp.com, which means that removal broke the fetching and
+# updating of boxes (since the old URL doesn't work).  See
+# https://github.com/hashicorp/vagrant/issues/9442
+if Vagrant::DEFAULT_SERVER_URL == "atlas.hashicorp.com"
+  Vagrant::DEFAULT_SERVER_URL.replace("https://vagrantcloud.com")
+end
+
+# Monkey patch https://github.com/hashicorp/vagrant/pull/10879 so we
+# can fall back to another provider if docker is not installed.
+begin
+  require Vagrant.source_root.join("plugins", "providers", "docker", "provider")
+rescue LoadError
+else
+  VagrantPlugins::DockerProvider::Provider.class_eval do
+    method(:usable?).owner == singleton_class or def self.usable?(raise_error = false)
+      VagrantPlugins::DockerProvider::Driver.new.execute("docker", "version")
+      true
+    rescue Vagrant::Errors::CommandUnavailable, VagrantPlugins::DockerProvider::Errors::ExecuteError
+      raise if raise_error
+      return false
+    end
+  end
+end
+
+Vagrant.configure(VAGRANTFILE_API_VERSION) do |config|

-Vagrant.configure("2") do |config|
  # The Zulip development environment runs on 9991 on the guest.
  host_port = 9991
  http_proxy = https_proxy = no_proxy = nil
@@ -15,10 +55,8 @@ Vagrant.configure("2") do |config|
  ubuntu_mirror = ""
  vboxadd_version = nil

-  config.vm.box = "bento/ubuntu-20.04"
-
  config.vm.synced_folder ".", "/vagrant", disabled: true
-  config.vm.synced_folder ".", "/srv/zulip", docker_consistency: "z"
+  config.vm.synced_folder ".", "/srv/zulip"

  vagrant_config_file = ENV["HOME"] + "/.zulip-vagrant-config"
  if File.file?(vagrant_config_file)
@@ -63,7 +101,6 @@ Vagrant.configure("2") do |config|
  config.vm.network "forwarded_port", guest: 9994, host: host_port + 3, host_ip: host_ip_addr
  # Specify Docker provider before VirtualBox provider so it's preferred.
  config.vm.provider "docker" do |d, override|
-    override.vm.box = nil
    d.build_dir = File.join(__dir__, "tools", "setup", "dev-vagrant-docker")
    d.build_args = ["--build-arg", "VAGRANT_UID=#{Process.uid}"]
    if !ubuntu_mirror.empty?
@@ -74,6 +111,7 @@ Vagrant.configure("2") do |config|
  end

  config.vm.provider "virtualbox" do |vb, override|
+    override.vm.box = "hashicorp/bionic64"
    # It's possible we can get away with just 1.5GB; more testing needed
    vb.memory = vm_memory
    vb.cpus = vm_num_cpus
@@ -90,19 +128,77 @@ Vagrant.configure("2") do |config|
  end

  config.vm.provider "hyperv" do |h, override|
+    override.vm.box = "bento/ubuntu-18.04"
    h.memory = vm_memory
    h.maxmemory = vm_memory
    h.cpus = vm_num_cpus
  end

  config.vm.provider "parallels" do |prl, override|
+    override.vm.box = "bento/ubuntu-18.04"
+    override.vm.box_version = "202005.21.0"
    prl.memory = vm_memory
    prl.cpus = vm_num_cpus
  end

+  $provision_script = <<SCRIPT
+set -x
+set -e
+set -o pipefail
+
+# Code should go here, rather than tools/provision, only if it is
+# something that we don't want to happen when running provision in a
+# development environment not using Vagrant.
+
+# Set the Ubuntu mirror
+[ ! '#{ubuntu_mirror}' ] || sudo sed -i 's|http://\\(\\w*\\.\\)*archive\\.ubuntu\\.com/ubuntu/\\? |#{ubuntu_mirror} |' /etc/apt/sources.list
+
+# Set the MOTD on the system to have Zulip instructions
+sudo ln -nsf /srv/zulip/tools/setup/dev-motd /etc/update-motd.d/99-zulip-dev
+sudo rm -f /etc/update-motd.d/10-help-text
+sudo dpkg --purge landscape-client landscape-common ubuntu-release-upgrader-core update-manager-core update-notifier-common ubuntu-server
+sudo dpkg-divert --add --rename /etc/default/motd-news
+sudo sh -c 'echo ENABLED=0 > /etc/default/motd-news'
+
+# Set default locale, this prevents errors if the user has another locale set.
+if ! grep -q 'LC_ALL=C.UTF-8' /etc/default/locale; then
+    echo "LC_ALL=C.UTF-8" | sudo tee -a /etc/default/locale
+fi
+
+# Set an environment variable, so that we won't print the virtualenv
+# shell warning (it'll be wrong, since the shell is dying anyway)
+export SKIP_VENV_SHELL_WARNING=1
+
+# End `set -x`, so that the end of provision doesn't look like an error
+# message after a successful run.
+set +x
+
+# Check if the zulip directory is writable
+if [ ! -w /srv/zulip ]; then
+    echo "The vagrant user is unable to write to the zulip directory."
+    echo "To fix this, run the following commands on the host machine:"
+    # sudo is required since our uid is not 1000
+    echo '    vagrant halt -f'
+    echo '    rm -rf /PATH/TO/ZULIP/CLONE/.vagrant'
+    echo '    sudo chown -R 1000:$(id -g) /PATH/TO/ZULIP/CLONE'
+    echo "Replace /PATH/TO/ZULIP/CLONE with the path to where zulip code is cloned."
+    echo "You can resume setting up your vagrant environment by running:"
+    echo "    vagrant up"
+    exit 1
+fi
+# Provision the development environment
+ln -nsf /srv/zulip ~/zulip
+/srv/zulip/tools/provision
+
+# Run any custom provision hooks the user has configured
+if [ -f /srv/zulip/tools/custom_provision ]; then
+    chmod +x /srv/zulip/tools/custom_provision
+    /srv/zulip/tools/custom_provision
+fi
+SCRIPT
+
  config.vm.provision "shell",
    # We want provision to be run with the permissions of the vagrant user.
    privileged: false,
-    path: "tools/setup/vagrant-provision",
-    env: { "UBUNTU_MIRROR" => ubuntu_mirror }
+    inline: $provision_script
 end
--- a/analytics/lib/counts.py
+++ b/analytics/lib/counts.py
@@ -5,10 +5,9 @@ from datetime import datetime, timedelta
 from typing import Callable, Dict, Optional, Sequence, Tuple, Type, Union

 from django.conf import settings
-from django.db import connection, models
+from django.db import connection
 from django.db.models import F
 from psycopg2.sql import SQL, Composable, Identifier, Literal
-from typing_extensions import TypeAlias, override

 from analytics.models import (
    BaseCount,
@@ -21,15 +20,15 @@ from analytics.models import (
 )
 from zerver.lib.logging_util import log_to_file
 from zerver.lib.timestamp import ceiling_to_day, ceiling_to_hour, floor_to_hour, verify_UTC
-from zerver.models import Message, Realm, RealmAuditLog, Stream, UserActivityInterval, UserProfile
-
-if settings.ZILENCER_ENABLED:
-    from zilencer.models import (
-        RemoteInstallationCount,
-        RemoteRealm,
-        RemoteRealmCount,
-        RemoteZulipServer,
-    )
+from zerver.models import (
+    Message,
+    Realm,
+    RealmAuditLog,
+    Stream,
+    UserActivityInterval,
+    UserProfile,
+    models,
+)

 ## Logging setup ##

@@ -71,8 +70,7 @@ class CountStat:
        else:
            self.interval = self.time_increment

-    @override
-    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
        return f"<CountStat: {self.property}>"

    def last_successful_fill(self) -> Optional[datetime]:
@@ -178,7 +176,7 @@ def do_update_fill_state(fill_state: FillState, end_time: datetime, state: int)


 # We assume end_time is valid (e.g. is on a day or hour boundary as appropriate)
-# and is time-zone-aware. It is the caller's responsibility to enforce this!
+# and is timezone aware. It is the caller's responsibility to enforce this!
 def do_fill_count_stat_at_hour(
    stat: CountStat, end_time: datetime, realm: Optional[Realm] = None
 ) -> None:
@@ -216,7 +214,7 @@ def do_aggregate_to_summary_table(
    # Aggregate into RealmCount
    output_table = stat.data_collector.output_table
    if realm is not None:
-        realm_clause: Composable = SQL("AND zerver_realm.id = {}").format(Literal(realm.id))
+        realm_clause = SQL("AND zerver_realm.id = {}").format(Literal(realm.id))
    else:
        realm_clause = SQL("")

@@ -298,10 +296,9 @@ def do_aggregate_to_summary_table(

 ## Utility functions called from outside counts.py ##

-
-# called from zerver.actions; should not throw any errors
+# called from zerver/lib/actions.py; should not throw any errors
 def do_increment_logging_stat(
-    model_object_for_bucket: Union[Realm, UserProfile, Stream, "RemoteRealm", "RemoteZulipServer"],
+    zerver_object: Union[Realm, UserProfile, Stream],
    stat: CountStat,
    subgroup: Optional[Union[str, int, bool]],
    event_time: datetime,
@@ -312,37 +309,18 @@ def do_increment_logging_stat(

    table = stat.data_collector.output_table
    if table == RealmCount:
-        assert isinstance(model_object_for_bucket, Realm)
-        id_args: Dict[
-            str, Optional[Union[Realm, UserProfile, Stream, "RemoteRealm", "RemoteZulipServer"]]
-        ] = {"realm": model_object_for_bucket}
+        id_args = {"realm": zerver_object}
    elif table == UserCount:
-        assert isinstance(model_object_for_bucket, UserProfile)
-        id_args = {"realm": model_object_for_bucket.realm, "user": model_object_for_bucket}
-    elif table == StreamCount:
-        assert isinstance(model_object_for_bucket, Stream)
-        id_args = {"realm": model_object_for_bucket.realm, "stream": model_object_for_bucket}
-    elif table == RemoteInstallationCount:
-        assert isinstance(model_object_for_bucket, RemoteZulipServer)
-        id_args = {"server": model_object_for_bucket, "remote_id": None}
-    elif table == RemoteRealmCount:
-        assert isinstance(model_object_for_bucket, RemoteRealm)
-        id_args = {
-            "server": model_object_for_bucket.server,
-            "remote_realm": model_object_for_bucket,
-            "remote_id": None,
-        }
-    else:
-        raise AssertionError("Unsupported CountStat output_table")
+        id_args = {"realm": zerver_object.realm, "user": zerver_object}
+    else:  # StreamCount
+        id_args = {"realm": zerver_object.realm, "stream": zerver_object}

    if stat.frequency == CountStat.DAY:
        end_time = ceiling_to_day(event_time)
-    elif stat.frequency == CountStat.HOUR:
+    else:  # CountStat.HOUR:
        end_time = ceiling_to_hour(event_time)
-    else:
-        raise AssertionError("Unsupported CountStat frequency")

-    row, created = table._default_manager.get_or_create(
+    row, created = table.objects.get_or_create(
        property=stat.property,
        subgroup=subgroup,
        end_time=end_time,
@@ -372,7 +350,7 @@ def do_drop_single_stat(property: str) -> None:

 ## DataCollector-level operations ##

-QueryFn: TypeAlias = Callable[[Dict[str, Composable]], Composable]
+QueryFn = Callable[[Dict[str, Composable]], Composable]


 def do_pull_by_sql_query(
@@ -380,11 +358,11 @@ def do_pull_by_sql_query(
    start_time: datetime,
    end_time: datetime,
    query: QueryFn,
-    group_by: Optional[Tuple[Type[models.Model], str]],
+    group_by: Optional[Tuple[models.Model, str]],
 ) -> int:
    if group_by is None:
-        subgroup: Composable = SQL("NULL")
-        group_by_clause: Composable = SQL("")
+        subgroup = SQL("NULL")
+        group_by_clause = SQL("")
    else:
        subgroup = Identifier(group_by[0]._meta.db_table, group_by[1])
        group_by_clause = SQL(", {}").format(subgroup)
@@ -416,7 +394,7 @@ def do_pull_by_sql_query(
 def sql_data_collector(
    output_table: Type[BaseCount],
    query: QueryFn,
-    group_by: Optional[Tuple[Type[models.Model], str]],
+    group_by: Optional[Tuple[models.Model, str]],
 ) -> DataCollector:
    def pull_function(
        property: str, start_time: datetime, end_time: datetime, realm: Optional[Realm] = None
@@ -470,15 +448,9 @@ def do_pull_minutes_active(

 def count_message_by_user_query(realm: Optional[Realm]) -> QueryFn:
    if realm is None:
-        realm_clause: Composable = SQL("")
+        realm_clause = SQL("")
    else:
-        # We limit both userprofile and message so that we only see
-        # users from this realm, but also get the performance speedup
-        # of limiting messages by realm.
-        realm_clause = SQL(
-            "zerver_userprofile.realm_id = {} AND zerver_message.realm_id = {} AND"
-        ).format(Literal(realm.id), Literal(realm.id))
-    # Uses index: zerver_message_realm_date_sent (or the only-date index)
+        realm_clause = SQL("zerver_userprofile.realm_id = {} AND").format(Literal(realm.id))
    return lambda kwargs: SQL(
        """
    INSERT INTO analytics_usercount
@@ -503,15 +475,9 @@ def count_message_by_user_query(realm: Optional[Realm]) -> QueryFn:
 # Note: ignores the group_by / group_by_clause.
 def count_message_type_by_user_query(realm: Optional[Realm]) -> QueryFn:
    if realm is None:
-        realm_clause: Composable = SQL("")
+        realm_clause = SQL("")
    else:
-        # We limit both userprofile and message so that we only see
-        # users from this realm, but also get the performance speedup
-        # of limiting messages by realm.
-        realm_clause = SQL(
-            "zerver_userprofile.realm_id = {} AND zerver_message.realm_id = {} AND"
-        ).format(Literal(realm.id), Literal(realm.id))
-    # Uses index: zerver_message_realm_date_sent (or the only-date index)
+        realm_clause = SQL("zerver_userprofile.realm_id = {} AND").format(Literal(realm.id))
    return lambda kwargs: SQL(
        """
    INSERT INTO analytics_usercount
@@ -558,12 +524,9 @@ def count_message_type_by_user_query(realm: Optional[Realm]) -> QueryFn:
 # table, consider writing a new query for efficiency.
 def count_message_by_stream_query(realm: Optional[Realm]) -> QueryFn:
    if realm is None:
-        realm_clause: Composable = SQL("")
+        realm_clause = SQL("")
    else:
-        realm_clause = SQL(
-            "zerver_stream.realm_id = {} AND zerver_message.realm_id = {} AND"
-        ).format(Literal(realm.id), Literal(realm.id))
-    # Uses index: zerver_message_realm_date_sent (or the only-date index)
+        realm_clause = SQL("zerver_stream.realm_id = {} AND").format(Literal(realm.id))
    return lambda kwargs: SQL(
        """
    INSERT INTO analytics_streamcount
@@ -595,7 +558,7 @@ def count_message_by_stream_query(realm: Optional[Realm]) -> QueryFn:
 # currently the only stat that uses this.
 def count_user_by_realm_query(realm: Optional[Realm]) -> QueryFn:
    if realm is None:
-        realm_clause: Composable = SQL("")
+        realm_clause = SQL("")
    else:
        realm_clause = SQL("zerver_userprofile.realm_id = {} AND").format(Literal(realm.id))
    return lambda kwargs: SQL(
@@ -625,7 +588,7 @@ def count_user_by_realm_query(realm: Optional[Realm]) -> QueryFn:
 # In particular, it's important to ensure that migrations don't cause that to happen.
 def check_realmauditlog_by_user_query(realm: Optional[Realm]) -> QueryFn:
    if realm is None:
-        realm_clause: Composable = SQL("")
+        realm_clause = SQL("")
    else:
        realm_clause = SQL("realm_id = {} AND").format(Literal(realm.id))
    return lambda kwargs: SQL(
@@ -665,7 +628,7 @@ def check_realmauditlog_by_user_query(realm: Optional[Realm]) -> QueryFn:

 def check_useractivityinterval_by_user_query(realm: Optional[Realm]) -> QueryFn:
    if realm is None:
-        realm_clause: Composable = SQL("")
+        realm_clause = SQL("")
    else:
        realm_clause = SQL("zerver_userprofile.realm_id = {} AND").format(Literal(realm.id))
    return lambda kwargs: SQL(
@@ -689,7 +652,7 @@ def check_useractivityinterval_by_user_query(realm: Optional[Realm]) -> QueryFn:

 def count_realm_active_humans_query(realm: Optional[Realm]) -> QueryFn:
    if realm is None:
-        realm_clause: Composable = SQL("")
+        realm_clause = SQL("")
    else:
        realm_clause = SQL("realm_id = {} AND").format(Literal(realm.id))
    return lambda kwargs: SQL(
@@ -841,12 +804,6 @@ def get_count_stats(realm: Optional[Realm] = None) -> Dict[str, CountStat]:
        CountStat(
            "minutes_active::day", DataCollector(UserCount, do_pull_minutes_active), CountStat.DAY
        ),
-        # Tracks the number of push notifications requested by the server.
-        LoggingCountStat(
-            "mobile_pushes_sent::day",
-            RealmCount,
-            CountStat.DAY,
-        ),
        # Rate limiting stats
        # Used to limit the number of invitation emails sent by a realm
        LoggingCountStat("invites_sent::day", RealmCount, CountStat.DAY),
@@ -861,65 +818,8 @@ def get_count_stats(realm: Optional[Realm] = None) -> Dict[str, CountStat]:
        ),
    ]

-    if settings.ZILENCER_ENABLED:
-        # See also the remote_installation versions of these in REMOTE_INSTALLATION_COUNT_STATS.
-        count_stats_.append(
-            LoggingCountStat(
-                "mobile_pushes_received::day",
-                RemoteRealmCount,
-                CountStat.DAY,
-            )
-        )
-        count_stats_.append(
-            LoggingCountStat(
-                "mobile_pushes_forwarded::day",
-                RemoteRealmCount,
-                CountStat.DAY,
-            )
-        )
-
    return OrderedDict((stat.property, stat) for stat in count_stats_)


-# These properties are tracked by the bouncer itself and therefore syncing them
-# from a remote server should not be allowed - or the server would be able to interfere
-# with our data.
-BOUNCER_ONLY_REMOTE_COUNT_STAT_PROPERTIES = [
-    "mobile_pushes_received::day",
-    "mobile_pushes_forwarded::day",
-]
-
 # To avoid refactoring for now COUNT_STATS can be used as before
 COUNT_STATS = get_count_stats()
-
-REMOTE_INSTALLATION_COUNT_STATS = OrderedDict()
-
-if settings.ZILENCER_ENABLED:
-    # REMOTE_INSTALLATION_COUNT_STATS contains duplicates of the
-    # RemoteRealmCount stats declared above; it is necessary because
-    # pre-8.0 servers do not send the fields required to identify a
-    # RemoteRealm.
-
-    # Tracks the number of push notifications requested to be sent
-    # by a remote server.
-    REMOTE_INSTALLATION_COUNT_STATS["mobile_pushes_received::day"] = LoggingCountStat(
-        "mobile_pushes_received::day",
-        RemoteInstallationCount,
-        CountStat.DAY,
-    )
-    # Tracks the number of push notifications successfully sent to
-    # mobile devices, as requested by the remote server. Therefore
-    # this should be less than or equal to mobile_pushes_received -
-    # with potential tiny offsets resulting from a request being
-    # *received* by the bouncer right before midnight, but *sent* to
-    # the mobile device right after midnight. This would cause the
-    # increments to happen to CountStat records for different days.
-    REMOTE_INSTALLATION_COUNT_STATS["mobile_pushes_forwarded::day"] = LoggingCountStat(
-        "mobile_pushes_forwarded::day",
-        RemoteInstallationCount,
-        CountStat.DAY,
-    )
-
-ALL_COUNT_STATS = OrderedDict(
-    list(COUNT_STATS.items()) + list(REMOTE_INSTALLATION_COUNT_STATS.items())
-)
--- a/analytics/lib/fixtures.py
+++ b/analytics/lib/fixtures.py
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 from math import sqrt
-from random import Random
+from random import gauss, random, seed
 from typing import List

 from analytics.lib.counts import CountStat
@@ -36,8 +36,6 @@ def generate_time_series_data(
    partial_sum -- If True, return partial sum of the series.
    random_seed -- Seed for random number generator.
    """
-    rng = Random(random_seed)
-
    if frequency == CountStat.HOUR:
        length = days * 24
        seasonality = [non_business_hours_base] * 24 * 7
@@ -46,13 +44,13 @@ def generate_time_series_data(
                seasonality[24 * day + hour] = business_hours_base
        holidays = []
        for i in range(days):
-            holidays.extend([rng.random() < holiday_rate] * 24)
+            holidays.extend([random() < holiday_rate] * 24)
    elif frequency == CountStat.DAY:
        length = days
        seasonality = [8 * business_hours_base + 16 * non_business_hours_base] * 5 + [
            24 * non_business_hours_base
        ] * 2
-        holidays = [rng.random() < holiday_rate for i in range(days)]
+        holidays = [random() < holiday_rate for i in range(days)]
    else:
        raise AssertionError(f"Unknown frequency: {frequency}")
    if length < 2:
@@ -61,13 +59,14 @@ def generate_time_series_data(
        )
    growth_base = growth ** (1.0 / (length - 1))
    values_no_noise = [
-        seasonality[i % len(seasonality)] * (growth_base**i) for i in range(length)
+        seasonality[i % len(seasonality)] * (growth_base ** i) for i in range(length)
    ]

-    noise_scalars = [rng.gauss(0, 1)]
+    seed(random_seed)
+    noise_scalars = [gauss(0, 1)]
    for i in range(1, length):
        noise_scalars.append(
-            noise_scalars[-1] * autocorrelation + rng.gauss(0, 1) * (1 - autocorrelation)
+            noise_scalars[-1] * autocorrelation + gauss(0, 1) * (1 - autocorrelation)
        )

    values = [
--- a/analytics/lib/time_utils.py
+++ b/analytics/lib/time_utils.py
@@ -30,5 +30,4 @@ def time_range(
    while current >= start:
        times.append(current)
        current -= step
-    times.reverse()
-    return times
+    return list(reversed(times))
--- a/analytics/management/commands/check_analytics_state.py
+++ b/analytics/management/commands/check_analytics_state.py
@@ -5,11 +5,10 @@ from typing import Any, Dict

 from django.core.management.base import BaseCommand
 from django.utils.timezone import now as timezone_now
-from typing_extensions import override

-from analytics.lib.counts import ALL_COUNT_STATS, CountStat
+from analytics.lib.counts import COUNT_STATS, CountStat
 from analytics.models import installation_epoch
-from zerver.lib.timestamp import TimeZoneNotUTCError, floor_to_day, floor_to_hour, verify_UTC
+from zerver.lib.timestamp import TimezoneNotUTCException, floor_to_day, floor_to_hour, verify_UTC
 from zerver.models import Realm

 states = {
@@ -25,7 +24,6 @@ class Command(BaseCommand):

    Run as a cron job that runs every hour."""

-    @override
    def handle(self, *args: Any, **options: Any) -> None:
        fill_state = self.get_fill_state()
        status = fill_state["status"]
@@ -44,13 +42,13 @@ class Command(BaseCommand):

        warning_unfilled_properties = []
        critical_unfilled_properties = []
-        for property, stat in ALL_COUNT_STATS.items():
+        for property, stat in COUNT_STATS.items():
            last_fill = stat.last_successful_fill()
            if last_fill is None:
                last_fill = installation_epoch()
            try:
                verify_UTC(last_fill)
-            except TimeZoneNotUTCError:
+            except TimezoneNotUTCException:
                return {"status": 2, "message": f"FillState not in UTC for {property}"}

            if stat.frequency == CountStat.DAY:
--- a/analytics/management/commands/clear_analytics_tables.py
+++ b/analytics/management/commands/clear_analytics_tables.py
@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@ from argparse import ArgumentParser
 from typing import Any

 from django.core.management.base import BaseCommand, CommandError
-from typing_extensions import override

 from analytics.lib.counts import do_drop_all_analytics_tables

@@ -10,11 +9,9 @@ from analytics.lib.counts import do_drop_all_analytics_tables
 class Command(BaseCommand):
    help = """Clear analytics tables."""

-    @override
    def add_arguments(self, parser: ArgumentParser) -> None:
        parser.add_argument("--force", action="store_true", help="Clear analytics tables.")

-    @override
    def handle(self, *args: Any, **options: Any) -> None:
        if options["force"]:
            do_drop_all_analytics_tables()
--- a/analytics/management/commands/clear_single_stat.py
+++ b/analytics/management/commands/clear_single_stat.py
@@ -2,23 +2,20 @@ from argparse import ArgumentParser
 from typing import Any

 from django.core.management.base import BaseCommand, CommandError
-from typing_extensions import override

-from analytics.lib.counts import ALL_COUNT_STATS, do_drop_single_stat
+from analytics.lib.counts import COUNT_STATS, do_drop_single_stat


 class Command(BaseCommand):
    help = """Clear analytics tables."""

-    @override
    def add_arguments(self, parser: ArgumentParser) -> None:
        parser.add_argument("--force", action="store_true", help="Actually do it.")
        parser.add_argument("--property", help="The property of the stat to be cleared.")

-    @override
    def handle(self, *args: Any, **options: Any) -> None:
        property = options["property"]
-        if property not in ALL_COUNT_STATS:
+        if property not in COUNT_STATS:
            raise CommandError(f"Invalid property: {property}")
        if not options["force"]:
            raise CommandError("No action taken. Use --force.")
--- a/analytics/management/commands/populate_analytics_db.py
+++ b/analytics/management/commands/populate_analytics_db.py
@@ -1,11 +1,9 @@
-import os
 from datetime import timedelta
-from typing import Any, Dict, List, Mapping, Type, Union
+from typing import Any, Dict, List, Mapping, Optional, Type
+from unittest import mock

-from django.core.files.uploadedfile import UploadedFile
 from django.core.management.base import BaseCommand
 from django.utils.timezone import now as timezone_now
-from typing_extensions import TypeAlias, override

 from analytics.lib.counts import COUNT_STATS, CountStat, do_drop_all_analytics_tables
 from analytics.lib.fixtures import generate_time_series_data
@@ -18,24 +16,10 @@ from analytics.models import (
    StreamCount,
    UserCount,
 )
-from zerver.actions.create_realm import do_create_realm
-from zerver.actions.users import do_change_user_role
+from zerver.lib.actions import STREAM_ASSIGNMENT_COLORS, do_change_user_role, do_create_realm
 from zerver.lib.create_user import create_user
-from zerver.lib.storage import static_path
-from zerver.lib.stream_color import STREAM_ASSIGNMENT_COLORS
 from zerver.lib.timestamp import floor_to_day
-from zerver.lib.upload import upload_message_attachment_from_request
-from zerver.models import (
-    Client,
-    Realm,
-    RealmAuditLog,
-    Recipient,
-    Stream,
-    Subscription,
-    SystemGroups,
-    UserGroup,
-    UserProfile,
-)
+from zerver.models import Client, Realm, Recipient, Stream, Subscription, UserProfile


 class Command(BaseCommand):
@@ -69,7 +53,6 @@ class Command(BaseCommand):
            random_seed=self.random_seed,
        )

-    @override
    def handle(self, *args: Any, **options: Any) -> None:
        # TODO: This should arguably only delete the objects
        # associated with the "analytics" realm.
@@ -94,71 +77,37 @@ class Command(BaseCommand):
            string_id="analytics", name="Analytics", date_created=installation_time
        )

-        shylock = create_user(
-            "shylock@analytics.ds",
-            "Shylock",
-            realm,
-            full_name="Shylock",
-            role=UserProfile.ROLE_REALM_OWNER,
-            force_date_joined=installation_time,
-        )
+        with mock.patch("zerver.lib.create_user.timezone_now", return_value=installation_time):
+            shylock = create_user(
+                "shylock@analytics.ds",
+                "Shylock",
+                realm,
+                full_name="Shylock",
+                role=UserProfile.ROLE_REALM_OWNER,
+            )
        do_change_user_role(shylock, UserProfile.ROLE_REALM_OWNER, acting_user=None)
-
-        # Create guest user for set_guest_users_statistic.
-        create_user(
-            "bassanio@analytics.ds",
-            "Bassanio",
-            realm,
-            full_name="Bassanio",
-            role=UserProfile.ROLE_GUEST,
-            force_date_joined=installation_time,
-        )
-
-        administrators_user_group = UserGroup.objects.get(
-            name=SystemGroups.ADMINISTRATORS, realm=realm, is_system_group=True
-        )
-        stream = Stream.objects.create(
-            name="all",
-            realm=realm,
-            date_created=installation_time,
-            can_remove_subscribers_group=administrators_user_group,
-        )
+        stream = Stream.objects.create(name="all", realm=realm, date_created=installation_time)
        recipient = Recipient.objects.create(type_id=stream.id, type=Recipient.STREAM)
        stream.recipient = recipient
        stream.save(update_fields=["recipient"])

        # Subscribe shylock to the stream to avoid invariant failures.
-        Subscription.objects.create(
-            recipient=recipient,
-            user_profile=shylock,
-            is_user_active=shylock.is_active,
-            color=STREAM_ASSIGNMENT_COLORS[0],
-        )
-        RealmAuditLog.objects.create(
-            realm=realm,
-            modified_user=shylock,
-            modified_stream=stream,
-            event_last_message_id=0,
-            event_type=RealmAuditLog.SUBSCRIPTION_CREATED,
-            event_time=installation_time,
-        )
-
-        # Create an attachment in the database for set_storage_space_used_statistic.
-        IMAGE_FILE_PATH = static_path("images/test-images/checkbox.png")
-        file_info = os.stat(IMAGE_FILE_PATH)
-        file_size = file_info.st_size
-        with open(IMAGE_FILE_PATH, "rb") as fp:
-            upload_message_attachment_from_request(UploadedFile(fp), shylock, file_size)
-
-        FixtureData: TypeAlias = Mapping[Union[str, int, None], List[int]]
+        # TODO: This should use subscribe_users_to_streams from populate_db.
+        subs = [
+            Subscription(
+                recipient=recipient,
+                user_profile=shylock,
+                is_user_active=shylock.is_active,
+                color=STREAM_ASSIGNMENT_COLORS[0],
+            ),
+        ]
+        Subscription.objects.bulk_create(subs)

        def insert_fixture_data(
-            stat: CountStat,
-            fixture_data: FixtureData,
-            table: Type[BaseCount],
+            stat: CountStat, fixture_data: Mapping[Optional[str], List[int]], table: Type[BaseCount]
        ) -> None:
            end_times = time_range(
-                last_end_time, last_end_time, stat.frequency, len(next(iter(fixture_data.values())))
+                last_end_time, last_end_time, stat.frequency, len(list(fixture_data.values())[0])
            )
            if table == InstallationCount:
                id_args: Dict[str, Any] = {}
@@ -170,7 +119,7 @@ class Command(BaseCommand):
                id_args = {"stream": stream, "realm": realm}

            for subgroup, values in fixture_data.items():
-                table._default_manager.bulk_create(
+                table.objects.bulk_create(
                    table(
                        property=stat.property,
                        subgroup=subgroup,
@@ -183,11 +132,11 @@ class Command(BaseCommand):
                )

        stat = COUNT_STATS["1day_actives::day"]
-        realm_data: FixtureData = {
+        realm_data: Mapping[Optional[str], List[int]] = {
            None: self.generate_fixture_data(stat, 0.08, 0.02, 3, 0.3, 6, partial_sum=True),
        }
        insert_fixture_data(stat, realm_data, RealmCount)
-        installation_data: FixtureData = {
+        installation_data: Mapping[Optional[str], List[int]] = {
            None: self.generate_fixture_data(stat, 0.8, 0.2, 4, 0.3, 6, partial_sum=True),
        }
        insert_fixture_data(stat, installation_data, InstallationCount)
@@ -237,7 +186,7 @@ class Command(BaseCommand):
        )

        stat = COUNT_STATS["messages_sent:is_bot:hour"]
-        user_data: FixtureData = {
+        user_data: Mapping[Optional[str], List[int]] = {
            "false": self.generate_fixture_data(stat, 2, 1, 1.5, 0.6, 8, holiday_rate=0.1),
        }
        insert_fixture_data(stat, user_data, UserCount)
@@ -330,7 +279,7 @@ class Command(BaseCommand):
            "true": self.generate_fixture_data(stat, 20, 2, 3, 0.2, 3),
        }
        insert_fixture_data(stat, realm_data, RealmCount)
-        stream_data: Mapping[Union[int, str, None], List[int]] = {
+        stream_data: Mapping[Optional[str], List[int]] = {
            "false": self.generate_fixture_data(stat, 10, 7, 5, 0.6, 4),
            "true": self.generate_fixture_data(stat, 5, 3, 2, 0.4, 2),
        }
--- a/analytics/management/commands/stream_stats.py
+++ b/analytics/management/commands/stream_stats.py
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+from argparse import ArgumentParser
+from typing import Any
+
+from django.core.management.base import BaseCommand, CommandError
+from django.db.models import Q
+
+from zerver.models import Message, Realm, Recipient, Stream, Subscription, get_realm
+
+
+class Command(BaseCommand):
+    help = "Generate statistics on the streams for a realm."
+
+    def add_arguments(self, parser: ArgumentParser) -> None:
+        parser.add_argument(
+            "realms", metavar="<realm>", nargs="*", help="realm to generate statistics for"
+        )
+
+    def handle(self, *args: Any, **options: str) -> None:
+        if options["realms"]:
+            try:
+                realms = [get_realm(string_id) for string_id in options["realms"]]
+            except Realm.DoesNotExist as e:
+                raise CommandError(e)
+        else:
+            realms = Realm.objects.all()
+
+        for realm in realms:
+            streams = Stream.objects.filter(realm=realm).exclude(Q(name__istartswith="tutorial-"))
+            # private stream count
+            private_count = 0
+            # public stream count
+            public_count = 0
+            for stream in streams:
+                if stream.invite_only:
+                    private_count += 1
+                else:
+                    public_count += 1
+            print("------------")
+            print(realm.string_id, end=" ")
+            print("{:>10} {} public streams and".format("(", public_count), end=" ")
+            print(f"{private_count} private streams )")
+            print("------------")
+            print("{:>25} {:>15} {:>10} {:>12}".format("stream", "subscribers", "messages", "type"))
+
+            for stream in streams:
+                if stream.invite_only:
+                    stream_type = "private"
+                else:
+                    stream_type = "public"
+                print(f"{stream.name:>25}", end=" ")
+                recipient = Recipient.objects.filter(type=Recipient.STREAM, type_id=stream.id)
+                print(
+                    "{:10}".format(
+                        len(Subscription.objects.filter(recipient=recipient, active=True))
+                    ),
+                    end=" ",
+                )
+                num_messages = len(Message.objects.filter(recipient=recipient))
+                print(f"{num_messages:12}", end=" ")
+                print(f"{stream_type:>15}")
+            print("")
--- a/analytics/management/commands/update_analytics_counts.py
+++ b/analytics/management/commands/update_analytics_counts.py
@@ -8,11 +8,10 @@ from django.conf import settings
 from django.core.management.base import BaseCommand
 from django.utils.dateparse import parse_datetime
 from django.utils.timezone import now as timezone_now
-from typing_extensions import override

-from analytics.lib.counts import ALL_COUNT_STATS, logger, process_count_stat
+from analytics.lib.counts import COUNT_STATS, logger, process_count_stat
 from scripts.lib.zulip_tools import ENDC, WARNING
-from zerver.lib.remote_server import send_analytics_to_push_bouncer
+from zerver.lib.remote_server import send_analytics_to_remote_server
 from zerver.lib.timestamp import floor_to_hour
 from zerver.models import Realm

@@ -22,7 +21,6 @@ class Command(BaseCommand):

    Run as a cron job that runs every hour."""

-    @override
    def add_arguments(self, parser: ArgumentParser) -> None:
        parser.add_argument(
            "--time",
@@ -39,7 +37,6 @@ class Command(BaseCommand):
            "--verbose", action="store_true", help="Print timing information to stdout."
        )

-    @override
    def handle(self, *args: Any, **options: Any) -> None:
        try:
            os.mkdir(settings.ANALYTICS_LOCK_DIR)
@@ -63,20 +60,19 @@ class Command(BaseCommand):
            return

        fill_to_time = parse_datetime(options["time"])
-        assert fill_to_time is not None
        if options["utc"]:
            fill_to_time = fill_to_time.replace(tzinfo=timezone.utc)
        if fill_to_time.tzinfo is None:
            raise ValueError(
-                "--time must be time-zone-aware. Maybe you meant to use the --utc option?"
+                "--time must be timezone aware. Maybe you meant to use the --utc option?"
            )

        fill_to_time = floor_to_hour(fill_to_time.astimezone(timezone.utc))

        if options["stat"] is not None:
-            stats = [ALL_COUNT_STATS[options["stat"]]]
+            stats = [COUNT_STATS[options["stat"]]]
        else:
-            stats = list(ALL_COUNT_STATS.values())
+            stats = list(COUNT_STATS.values())

        logger.info("Starting updating analytics counts through %s", fill_to_time)
        if options["verbose"]:
@@ -96,4 +92,4 @@ class Command(BaseCommand):
        logger.info("Finished updating analytics counts through %s", fill_to_time)

        if settings.PUSH_NOTIFICATION_BOUNCER_URL and settings.SUBMIT_USAGE_STATISTICS:
-            send_analytics_to_push_bouncer()
+            send_analytics_to_remote_server()
--- a/analytics/migrations/0001_initial.py
+++ b/analytics/migrations/0001_initial.py
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ from django.db import migrations, models


 class Migration(migrations.Migration):
+
    dependencies = [
        ("zerver", "0030_realm_org_type"),
        migrations.swappable_dependency(settings.AUTH_USER_MODEL),
--- a/analytics/migrations/0002_remove_huddlecount.py
+++ b/analytics/migrations/0002_remove_huddlecount.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ from django.db import migrations


 class Migration(migrations.Migration):
+
    dependencies = [
        ("analytics", "0001_initial"),
    ]
--- a/analytics/migrations/0003_fillstate.py
+++ b/analytics/migrations/0003_fillstate.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ from django.db import migrations, models


 class Migration(migrations.Migration):
+
    dependencies = [
        ("analytics", "0002_remove_huddlecount"),
    ]
--- a/analytics/migrations/0004_add_subgroup.py
+++ b/analytics/migrations/0004_add_subgroup.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ from django.db import migrations, models


 class Migration(migrations.Migration):
+
    dependencies = [
        ("analytics", "0003_fillstate"),
    ]
--- a/analytics/migrations/0005_alter_field_size.py
+++ b/analytics/migrations/0005_alter_field_size.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ from django.db import migrations, models


 class Migration(migrations.Migration):
+
    dependencies = [
        ("analytics", "0004_add_subgroup"),
    ]
--- a/analytics/migrations/0006_add_subgroup_to_unique_constraints.py
+++ b/analytics/migrations/0006_add_subgroup_to_unique_constraints.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ from django.db import migrations


 class Migration(migrations.Migration):
+
    dependencies = [
        ("analytics", "0005_alter_field_size"),
    ]
--- a/analytics/migrations/0007_remove_interval.py
+++ b/analytics/migrations/0007_remove_interval.py
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ from django.db import migrations


 class Migration(migrations.Migration):
+
    dependencies = [
        ("analytics", "0006_add_subgroup_to_unique_constraints"),
    ]
--- a/analytics/migrations/0008_add_count_indexes.py
+++ b/analytics/migrations/0008_add_count_indexes.py
@@ -1,33 +1,25 @@
 # Generated by Django 1.10.5 on 2017-02-01 22:28
-from django.db import migrations, models
+from django.db import migrations


 class Migration(migrations.Migration):
+
    dependencies = [
        ("zerver", "0050_userprofile_avatar_version"),
        ("analytics", "0007_remove_interval"),
    ]

    operations = [
-        migrations.AddIndex(
-            model_name="realmcount",
-            index=models.Index(
-                fields=["property", "end_time"],
-                name="analytics_realmcount_property_end_time_3b60396b_idx",
-            ),
+        migrations.AlterIndexTogether(
+            name="realmcount",
+            index_together={("property", "end_time")},
        ),
-        migrations.AddIndex(
-            model_name="streamcount",
-            index=models.Index(
-                fields=["property", "realm", "end_time"],
-                name="analytics_streamcount_property_realm_id_end_time_155ae930_idx",
-            ),
+        migrations.AlterIndexTogether(
+            name="streamcount",
+            index_together={("property", "realm", "end_time")},
        ),
-        migrations.AddIndex(
-            model_name="usercount",
-            index=models.Index(
-                fields=["property", "realm", "end_time"],
-                name="analytics_usercount_property_realm_id_end_time_591dbec1_idx",
-            ),
+        migrations.AlterIndexTogether(
+            name="usercount",
+            index_together={("property", "realm", "end_time")},
        ),
    ]
--- a/analytics/migrations/0009_remove_messages_to_stream_stat.py
+++ b/analytics/migrations/0009_remove_messages_to_stream_stat.py
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 from django.db import migrations
-from django.db.backends.base.schema import BaseDatabaseSchemaEditor
+from django.db.backends.postgresql.schema import DatabaseSchemaEditor
 from django.db.migrations.state import StateApps


 def delete_messages_sent_to_stream_stat(
-    apps: StateApps, schema_editor: BaseDatabaseSchemaEditor
+    apps: StateApps, schema_editor: DatabaseSchemaEditor
 ) -> None:
    UserCount = apps.get_model("analytics", "UserCount")
    StreamCount = apps.get_model("analytics", "StreamCount")
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ def delete_messages_sent_to_stream_stat(


 class Migration(migrations.Migration):
+
    dependencies = [
        ("analytics", "0008_add_count_indexes"),
    ]
--- a/analytics/migrations/0010_clear_messages_sent_values.py
+++ b/analytics/migrations/0010_clear_messages_sent_values.py
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 from django.db import migrations
-from django.db.backends.base.schema import BaseDatabaseSchemaEditor
+from django.db.backends.postgresql.schema import DatabaseSchemaEditor
 from django.db.migrations.state import StateApps


 def clear_message_sent_by_message_type_values(
-    apps: StateApps, schema_editor: BaseDatabaseSchemaEditor
+    apps: StateApps, schema_editor: DatabaseSchemaEditor
 ) -> None:
    UserCount = apps.get_model("analytics", "UserCount")
    StreamCount = apps.get_model("analytics", "StreamCount")
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ def clear_message_sent_by_message_type_values(


 class Migration(migrations.Migration):
+
    dependencies = [("analytics", "0009_remove_messages_to_stream_stat")]

    operations = [
--- a/analytics/migrations/0011_clear_analytics_tables.py
+++ b/analytics/migrations/0011_clear_analytics_tables.py
@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 from django.db import migrations
-from django.db.backends.base.schema import BaseDatabaseSchemaEditor
+from django.db.backends.postgresql.schema import DatabaseSchemaEditor
 from django.db.migrations.state import StateApps


-def clear_analytics_tables(apps: StateApps, schema_editor: BaseDatabaseSchemaEditor) -> None:
+def clear_analytics_tables(apps: StateApps, schema_editor: DatabaseSchemaEditor) -> None:
    UserCount = apps.get_model("analytics", "UserCount")
    StreamCount = apps.get_model("analytics", "StreamCount")
    RealmCount = apps.get_model("analytics", "RealmCount")
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ def clear_analytics_tables(apps: StateApps, schema_editor: BaseDatabaseSchemaEdi


 class Migration(migrations.Migration):
+
    dependencies = [
        ("analytics", "0010_clear_messages_sent_values"),
    ]
--- a/analytics/migrations/0012_add_on_delete.py
+++ b/analytics/migrations/0012_add_on_delete.py
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ from django.db import migrations, models


 class Migration(migrations.Migration):
+
    dependencies = [
        ("analytics", "0011_clear_analytics_tables"),
    ]
--- a/analytics/migrations/0013_remove_anomaly.py
+++ b/analytics/migrations/0013_remove_anomaly.py
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ from django.db import migrations


 class Migration(migrations.Migration):
+
    dependencies = [
        ("analytics", "0012_add_on_delete"),
    ]
--- a/analytics/migrations/0014_remove_fillstate_last_modified.py
+++ b/analytics/migrations/0014_remove_fillstate_last_modified.py
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ from django.db import migrations


 class Migration(migrations.Migration):
+
    dependencies = [
        ("analytics", "0013_remove_anomaly"),
    ]
--- a/analytics/migrations/0015_clear_duplicate_counts.py
+++ b/analytics/migrations/0015_clear_duplicate_counts.py
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 from django.db import migrations
-from django.db.backends.base.schema import BaseDatabaseSchemaEditor
+from django.db.backends.postgresql.schema import DatabaseSchemaEditor
 from django.db.migrations.state import StateApps
 from django.db.models import Count, Sum


-def clear_duplicate_counts(apps: StateApps, schema_editor: BaseDatabaseSchemaEditor) -> None:
+def clear_duplicate_counts(apps: StateApps, schema_editor: DatabaseSchemaEditor) -> None:
    """This is a preparatory migration for our Analytics tables.

    The backstory is that Django's unique_together indexes do not properly
@@ -55,6 +55,7 @@ def clear_duplicate_counts(apps: StateApps, schema_editor: BaseDatabaseSchemaEdi


 class Migration(migrations.Migration):
+
    dependencies = [
        ("analytics", "0014_remove_fillstate_last_modified"),
    ]
--- a/analytics/migrations/0016_unique_constraint_when_subgroup_null.py
+++ b/analytics/migrations/0016_unique_constraint_when_subgroup_null.py
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ from django.db import migrations, models


 class Migration(migrations.Migration):
+
    dependencies = [
        ("analytics", "0015_clear_duplicate_counts"),
    ]
--- a/analytics/migrations/0017_regenerate_partial_indexes.py
+++ b/analytics/migrations/0017_regenerate_partial_indexes.py
@@ -1,114 +0,0 @@
-from django.db import migrations, models
-
-
-class Migration(migrations.Migration):
-    dependencies = [
-        ("analytics", "0016_unique_constraint_when_subgroup_null"),
-    ]
-
-    # If the server was installed between 7.0 and 7.4 (or main between
-    # 2c20028aa451 and 7807bff52635), it contains indexes which (when
-    # running 7.5 or 7807bff52635 or higher) are never used, because
-    # they contain an improper cast
-    # (https://code.djangoproject.com/ticket/34840).
-    #
-    # We regenerate the indexes here, by dropping and re-creating
-    # them, so that we know that they are properly formed.
-    operations = [
-        migrations.RemoveConstraint(
-            model_name="installationcount",
-            name="unique_installation_count",
-        ),
-        migrations.AddConstraint(
-            model_name="installationcount",
-            constraint=models.UniqueConstraint(
-                condition=models.Q(subgroup__isnull=False),
-                fields=("property", "subgroup", "end_time"),
-                name="unique_installation_count",
-            ),
-        ),
-        migrations.RemoveConstraint(
-            model_name="installationcount",
-            name="unique_installation_count_null_subgroup",
-        ),
-        migrations.AddConstraint(
-            model_name="installationcount",
-            constraint=models.UniqueConstraint(
-                condition=models.Q(subgroup__isnull=True),
-                fields=("property", "end_time"),
-                name="unique_installation_count_null_subgroup",
-            ),
-        ),
-        migrations.RemoveConstraint(
-            model_name="realmcount",
-            name="unique_realm_count",
-        ),
-        migrations.AddConstraint(
-            model_name="realmcount",
-            constraint=models.UniqueConstraint(
-                condition=models.Q(subgroup__isnull=False),
-                fields=("realm", "property", "subgroup", "end_time"),
-                name="unique_realm_count",
-            ),
-        ),
-        migrations.RemoveConstraint(
-            model_name="realmcount",
-            name="unique_realm_count_null_subgroup",
-        ),
-        migrations.AddConstraint(
-            model_name="realmcount",
-            constraint=models.UniqueConstraint(
-                condition=models.Q(subgroup__isnull=True),
-                fields=("realm", "property", "end_time"),
-                name="unique_realm_count_null_subgroup",
-            ),
-        ),
-        migrations.RemoveConstraint(
-            model_name="streamcount",
-            name="unique_stream_count",
-        ),
-        migrations.AddConstraint(
-            model_name="streamcount",
-            constraint=models.UniqueConstraint(
-                condition=models.Q(subgroup__isnull=False),
-                fields=("stream", "property", "subgroup", "end_time"),
-                name="unique_stream_count",
-            ),
-        ),
-        migrations.RemoveConstraint(
-            model_name="streamcount",
-            name="unique_stream_count_null_subgroup",
-        ),
-        migrations.AddConstraint(
-            model_name="streamcount",
-            constraint=models.UniqueConstraint(
-                condition=models.Q(subgroup__isnull=True),
-                fields=("stream", "property", "end_time"),
-                name="unique_stream_count_null_subgroup",
-            ),
-        ),
-        migrations.RemoveConstraint(
-            model_name="usercount",
-            name="unique_user_count",
-        ),
-        migrations.AddConstraint(
-            model_name="usercount",
-            constraint=models.UniqueConstraint(
-                condition=models.Q(subgroup__isnull=False),
-                fields=("user", "property", "subgroup", "end_time"),
-                name="unique_user_count",
-            ),
-        ),
-        migrations.RemoveConstraint(
-            model_name="usercount",
-            name="unique_user_count_null_subgroup",
-        ),
-        migrations.AddConstraint(
-            model_name="usercount",
-            constraint=models.UniqueConstraint(
-                condition=models.Q(subgroup__isnull=True),
-                fields=("user", "property", "end_time"),
-                name="unique_user_count_null_subgroup",
-            ),
-        ),
-    ]
--- a/analytics/models.py
+++ b/analytics/models.py
@@ -1,28 +1,24 @@
-# https://github.com/typeddjango/django-stubs/issues/1698
-# mypy: disable-error-code="explicit-override"
-
 import datetime
+from typing import Optional

 from django.db import models
 from django.db.models import Q, UniqueConstraint
-from typing_extensions import override

 from zerver.lib.timestamp import floor_to_day
 from zerver.models import Realm, Stream, UserProfile


 class FillState(models.Model):
-    property = models.CharField(max_length=40, unique=True)
-    end_time = models.DateTimeField()
+    property: str = models.CharField(max_length=40, unique=True)
+    end_time: datetime.datetime = models.DateTimeField()

    # Valid states are {DONE, STARTED}
    DONE = 1
    STARTED = 2
-    state = models.PositiveSmallIntegerField()
+    state: int = models.PositiveSmallIntegerField()

-    @override
    def __str__(self) -> str:
-        return f"{self.property} {self.end_time} {self.state}"
+        return f"<FillState: {self.property} {self.end_time} {self.state}>"


 # The earliest/starting end_time in FillState
@@ -38,10 +34,10 @@ class BaseCount(models.Model):
    # Note: When inheriting from BaseCount, you may want to rearrange
    # the order of the columns in the migration to make sure they
    # match how you'd like the table to be arranged.
-    property = models.CharField(max_length=32)
-    subgroup = models.CharField(max_length=16, null=True)
-    end_time = models.DateTimeField()
-    value = models.BigIntegerField()
+    property: str = models.CharField(max_length=32)
+    subgroup: Optional[str] = models.CharField(max_length=16, null=True)
+    end_time: datetime.datetime = models.DateTimeField()
+    value: int = models.BigIntegerField()

    class Meta:
        abstract = True
@@ -63,9 +59,8 @@ class InstallationCount(BaseCount):
            ),
        ]

-    @override
    def __str__(self) -> str:
-        return f"{self.property} {self.subgroup} {self.value}"
+        return f"<InstallationCount: {self.property} {self.subgroup} {self.value}>"


 class RealmCount(BaseCount):
@@ -85,16 +80,10 @@ class RealmCount(BaseCount):
                name="unique_realm_count_null_subgroup",
            ),
        ]
-        indexes = [
-            models.Index(
-                fields=["property", "end_time"],
-                name="analytics_realmcount_property_end_time_3b60396b_idx",
-            )
-        ]
+        index_together = ["property", "end_time"]

-    @override
    def __str__(self) -> str:
-        return f"{self.realm!r} {self.property} {self.subgroup} {self.value}"
+        return f"<RealmCount: {self.realm} {self.property} {self.subgroup} {self.value}>"


 class UserCount(BaseCount):
@@ -117,16 +106,10 @@ class UserCount(BaseCount):
        ]
        # This index dramatically improves the performance of
        # aggregating from users to realms
-        indexes = [
-            models.Index(
-                fields=["property", "realm", "end_time"],
-                name="analytics_usercount_property_realm_id_end_time_591dbec1_idx",
-            )
-        ]
+        index_together = ["property", "realm", "end_time"]

-    @override
    def __str__(self) -> str:
-        return f"{self.user!r} {self.property} {self.subgroup} {self.value}"
+        return f"<UserCount: {self.user} {self.property} {self.subgroup} {self.value}>"


 class StreamCount(BaseCount):
@@ -149,13 +132,9 @@ class StreamCount(BaseCount):
        ]
        # This index dramatically improves the performance of
        # aggregating from streams to realms
-        indexes = [
-            models.Index(
-                fields=["property", "realm", "end_time"],
-                name="analytics_streamcount_property_realm_id_end_time_155ae930_idx",
-            )
-        ]
+        index_together = ["property", "realm", "end_time"]

-    @override
    def __str__(self) -> str:
-        return f"{self.stream!r} {self.property} {self.subgroup} {self.value} {self.id}"
+        return (
+            f"<StreamCount: {self.stream} {self.property} {self.subgroup} {self.value} {self.id}>"
+        )
--- a/analytics/tests/test_activity_views.py
+++ b/analytics/tests/test_activity_views.py
@@ -1,53 +0,0 @@
-from unittest import mock
-
-from django.utils.timezone import now as timezone_now
-
-from zerver.lib.test_classes import ZulipTestCase
-from zerver.models import Client, UserActivity, UserProfile
-
-
-class ActivityTest(ZulipTestCase):
-    @mock.patch("stripe.Customer.list", return_value=[])
-    def test_activity(self, unused_mock: mock.Mock) -> None:
-        self.login("hamlet")
-        client, _ = Client.objects.get_or_create(name="website")
-        query = "/json/messages/flags"
-        last_visit = timezone_now()
-        count = 150
-        for activity_user_profile in UserProfile.objects.all():
-            UserActivity.objects.get_or_create(
-                user_profile=activity_user_profile,
-                client=client,
-                query=query,
-                count=count,
-                last_visit=last_visit,
-            )
-
-        # Fails when not staff
-        result = self.client_get("/activity")
-        self.assertEqual(result.status_code, 302)
-
-        user_profile = self.example_user("hamlet")
-        user_profile.is_staff = True
-        user_profile.save(update_fields=["is_staff"])
-
-        with self.assert_database_query_count(11):
-            result = self.client_get("/activity")
-            self.assertEqual(result.status_code, 200)
-
-        with self.assert_database_query_count(4):
-            result = self.client_get("/activity/remote")
-            self.assertEqual(result.status_code, 200)
-
-        with self.assert_database_query_count(4):
-            result = self.client_get("/activity/integrations")
-            self.assertEqual(result.status_code, 200)
-
-        with self.assert_database_query_count(8):
-            result = self.client_get("/realm_activity/zulip/")
-            self.assertEqual(result.status_code, 200)
-
-        iago = self.example_user("iago")
-        with self.assert_database_query_count(5):
-            result = self.client_get(f"/user_activity/{iago.id}/")
-            self.assertEqual(result.status_code, 200)
--- a/analytics/tests/test_counts.py
+++ b/analytics/tests/test_counts.py
@@ -3,14 +3,11 @@ from typing import Any, Dict, List, Optional, Tuple, Type
 from unittest import mock

 import orjson
-import time_machine
 from django.apps import apps
 from django.db import models
 from django.db.models import Sum
-from django.test import override_settings
 from django.utils.timezone import now as timezone_now
 from psycopg2.sql import SQL, Literal
-from typing_extensions import override

 from analytics.lib.counts import (
    COUNT_STATS,
@@ -35,61 +32,39 @@ from analytics.models import (
    UserCount,
    installation_epoch,
 )
-from zerver.actions.create_realm import do_create_realm
-from zerver.actions.create_user import (
-    do_activate_mirror_dummy_user,
+from zerver.lib.actions import (
+    InvitationError,
+    do_activate_user,
+    do_create_realm,
    do_create_user,
-    do_reactivate_user,
-)
-from zerver.actions.invites import (
+    do_deactivate_user,
    do_invite_users,
-    do_resend_user_invite_email,
-    do_revoke_user_invite,
-)
-from zerver.actions.message_flags import (
    do_mark_all_as_read,
    do_mark_stream_messages_as_read,
+    do_reactivate_user,
+    do_resend_user_invite_email,
+    do_revoke_user_invite,
    do_update_message_flags,
+    update_user_activity_interval,
 )
-from zerver.actions.user_activity import update_user_activity_interval
-from zerver.actions.users import do_deactivate_user
 from zerver.lib.create_user import create_user
-from zerver.lib.exceptions import InvitationError
-from zerver.lib.push_notifications import (
-    get_message_payload_apns,
-    get_message_payload_gcm,
-    hex_to_b64,
-)
 from zerver.lib.test_classes import ZulipTestCase
-from zerver.lib.timestamp import TimeZoneNotUTCError, ceiling_to_day, floor_to_day
+from zerver.lib.timestamp import TimezoneNotUTCException, floor_to_day
 from zerver.lib.topic import DB_TOPIC_NAME
-from zerver.lib.utils import assert_is_not_none
 from zerver.models import (
    Client,
    Huddle,
    Message,
-    NotificationTriggers,
    PreregistrationUser,
    Realm,
    RealmAuditLog,
    Recipient,
    Stream,
-    SystemGroups,
    UserActivityInterval,
-    UserGroup,
    UserProfile,
    get_client,
    get_user,
-    is_cross_realm_bot_email,
 )
-from zilencer.models import (
-    RemoteInstallationCount,
-    RemotePushDeviceToken,
-    RemoteRealm,
-    RemoteRealmCount,
-    RemoteZulipServer,
-)
-from zilencer.views import get_last_id_from_server


 class AnalyticsTestCase(ZulipTestCase):
@@ -99,21 +74,15 @@ class AnalyticsTestCase(ZulipTestCase):
    TIME_ZERO = datetime(1988, 3, 14, tzinfo=timezone.utc)
    TIME_LAST_HOUR = TIME_ZERO - HOUR

-    @override
    def setUp(self) -> None:
        super().setUp()
        self.default_realm = do_create_realm(
            string_id="realmtest", name="Realm Test", date_created=self.TIME_ZERO - 2 * self.DAY
        )
-        self.administrators_user_group = UserGroup.objects.get(
-            name=SystemGroups.ADMINISTRATORS,
-            realm=self.default_realm,
-            is_system_group=True,
-        )

        # used to generate unique names in self.create_*
        self.name_counter = 100
-        # used as defaults in self.assert_table_count
+        # used as defaults in self.assertCountEquals
        self.current_property: Optional[str] = None

    # Lightweight creation of users, streams, and messages
@@ -151,7 +120,6 @@ class AnalyticsTestCase(ZulipTestCase):
            "name": f"stream name {self.name_counter}",
            "realm": self.default_realm,
            "date_created": self.TIME_LAST_HOUR,
-            "can_remove_subscribers_group": self.administrators_user_group,
        }
        for key, value in defaults.items():
            kwargs[key] = kwargs.get(key, value)
@@ -180,18 +148,13 @@ class AnalyticsTestCase(ZulipTestCase):
            "content": "hi",
            "date_sent": self.TIME_LAST_HOUR,
            "sending_client": get_client("website"),
-            "realm_id": sender.realm_id,
        }
-        # For simplicity, this helper doesn't support creating cross-realm messages
-        # since it'd require adding an additional realm argument.
-        assert not is_cross_realm_bot_email(sender.delivery_email)
-
        for key, value in defaults.items():
            kwargs[key] = kwargs.get(key, value)
        return Message.objects.create(**kwargs)

    # kwargs should only ever be a UserProfile or Stream.
-    def assert_table_count(
+    def assertCountEquals(
        self,
        table: Type[BaseCount],
        value: int,
@@ -203,9 +166,7 @@ class AnalyticsTestCase(ZulipTestCase):
    ) -> None:
        if property is None:
            property = self.current_property
-        queryset = table._default_manager.filter(property=property, end_time=end_time).filter(
-            **kwargs
-        )
+        queryset = table.objects.filter(property=property, end_time=end_time).filter(**kwargs)
        if table is not InstallationCount:
            if realm is None:
                realm = self.default_realm
@@ -250,18 +211,16 @@ class AnalyticsTestCase(ZulipTestCase):
                kwargs[arg_keys[i]] = values[i]
            for key, value in defaults.items():
                kwargs[key] = kwargs.get(key, value)
-            if (
-                table not in [InstallationCount, RemoteInstallationCount, RemoteRealmCount]
-                and "realm" not in kwargs
-            ):
-                if "user" in kwargs:
-                    kwargs["realm"] = kwargs["user"].realm
-                elif "stream" in kwargs:
-                    kwargs["realm"] = kwargs["stream"].realm
-                else:
-                    kwargs["realm"] = self.default_realm
-            self.assertEqual(table._default_manager.filter(**kwargs).count(), 1)
-        self.assert_length(arg_values, table._default_manager.count())
+            if table is not InstallationCount:
+                if "realm" not in kwargs:
+                    if "user" in kwargs:
+                        kwargs["realm"] = kwargs["user"].realm
+                    elif "stream" in kwargs:
+                        kwargs["realm"] = kwargs["stream"].realm
+                    else:
+                        kwargs["realm"] = self.default_realm
+            self.assertEqual(table.objects.filter(**kwargs).count(), 1)
+        self.assertEqual(table.objects.count(), len(arg_values))


 class TestProcessCountStat(AnalyticsTestCase):
@@ -281,7 +240,6 @@ class TestProcessCountStat(AnalyticsTestCase):
        self, stat: CountStat, end_time: datetime, state: int = FillState.DONE
    ) -> None:
        fill_state = FillState.objects.filter(property=stat.property).first()
-        assert fill_state is not None
        self.assertEqual(fill_state.end_time, end_time)
        self.assertEqual(fill_state.state, state)

@@ -315,7 +273,7 @@ class TestProcessCountStat(AnalyticsTestCase):
        stat = self.make_dummy_count_stat("test stat")
        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
            process_count_stat(stat, installation_epoch() + 65 * self.MINUTE)
-        with self.assertRaises(TimeZoneNotUTCError):
+        with self.assertRaises(TimezoneNotUTCException):
            process_count_stat(stat, installation_epoch().replace(tzinfo=None))

    # This tests the LoggingCountStat branch of the code in do_delete_counts_at_hour.
@@ -479,7 +437,6 @@ class TestProcessCountStat(AnalyticsTestCase):


 class TestCountStats(AnalyticsTestCase):
-    @override
    def setUp(self) -> None:
        super().setUp()
        # This tests two things for each of the queries/CountStats: Handling
@@ -684,7 +641,7 @@ class TestCountStats(AnalyticsTestCase):
        self.create_message(user1, recipient_huddle1)
        self.create_message(user2, recipient_huddle2)

-        # direct messages
+        # private messages
        recipient_user1 = Recipient.objects.get(type_id=user1.id, type=Recipient.PERSONAL)
        recipient_user2 = Recipient.objects.get(type_id=user2.id, type=Recipient.PERSONAL)
        recipient_user3 = Recipient.objects.get(type_id=user3.id, type=Recipient.PERSONAL)
@@ -800,9 +757,9 @@ class TestCountStats(AnalyticsTestCase):

        do_fill_count_stat_at_hour(stat, self.TIME_ZERO)

-        self.assert_table_count(UserCount, 1, subgroup="private_message")
-        self.assert_table_count(UserCount, 1, subgroup="huddle_message")
-        self.assert_table_count(UserCount, 1, subgroup="public_stream")
+        self.assertCountEquals(UserCount, 1, subgroup="private_message")
+        self.assertCountEquals(UserCount, 1, subgroup="huddle_message")
+        self.assertCountEquals(UserCount, 1, subgroup="public_stream")

    def test_messages_sent_by_client(self) -> None:
        stat = COUNT_STATS["messages_sent:client:day"]
@@ -1372,7 +1329,7 @@ class TestLoggingCountStats(AnalyticsTestCase):
                "value__sum"
            ],
        )
-        do_activate_mirror_dummy_user(user, acting_user=None)
+        do_activate_user(user, acting_user=None)
        self.assertEqual(
            1,
            RealmCount.objects.filter(property=property, subgroup=False).aggregate(Sum("value"))[
@@ -1394,249 +1351,6 @@ class TestLoggingCountStats(AnalyticsTestCase):
            ],
        )

-    @override_settings(PUSH_NOTIFICATION_BOUNCER_URL="https://push.zulip.org.example.com")
-    def test_mobile_pushes_received_count(self) -> None:
-        self.server_uuid = "6cde5f7a-1f7e-4978-9716-49f69ebfc9fe"
-        self.server = RemoteZulipServer.objects.create(
-            uuid=self.server_uuid,
-            api_key="magic_secret_api_key",
-            hostname="demo.example.com",
-            last_updated=timezone_now(),
-        )
-
-        hamlet = self.example_user("hamlet")
-        token = "aaaa"
-
-        RemotePushDeviceToken.objects.create(
-            kind=RemotePushDeviceToken.GCM,
-            token=hex_to_b64(token),
-            user_uuid=(hamlet.uuid),
-            server=self.server,
-        )
-        RemotePushDeviceToken.objects.create(
-            kind=RemotePushDeviceToken.GCM,
-            token=hex_to_b64(token + "aa"),
-            user_uuid=(hamlet.uuid),
-            server=self.server,
-        )
-        RemotePushDeviceToken.objects.create(
-            kind=RemotePushDeviceToken.APNS,
-            token=hex_to_b64(token),
-            user_uuid=str(hamlet.uuid),
-            server=self.server,
-        )
-
-        message = Message(
-            sender=hamlet,
-            recipient=self.example_user("othello").recipient,
-            realm_id=hamlet.realm_id,
-            content="This is test content",
-            rendered_content="This is test content",
-            date_sent=timezone_now(),
-            sending_client=get_client("test"),
-        )
-        message.set_topic_name("Test topic")
-        message.save()
-        gcm_payload, gcm_options = get_message_payload_gcm(hamlet, message)
-        apns_payload = get_message_payload_apns(
-            hamlet, message, NotificationTriggers.DIRECT_MESSAGE
-        )
-
-        # First we'll make a request without providing realm_uuid. That means
-        # the bouncer can't increment the RemoteRealmCount stat, and only
-        # RemoteInstallationCount will be incremented.
-        payload = {
-            "user_id": hamlet.id,
-            "user_uuid": str(hamlet.uuid),
-            "gcm_payload": gcm_payload,
-            "apns_payload": apns_payload,
-            "gcm_options": gcm_options,
-        }
-        now = timezone_now()
-        with time_machine.travel(now, tick=False), mock.patch(
-            "zilencer.views.send_android_push_notification", return_value=1
-        ), mock.patch(
-            "zilencer.views.send_apple_push_notification", return_value=1
-        ), self.assertLogs(
-            "zilencer.views", level="INFO"
-        ):
-            result = self.uuid_post(
-                self.server_uuid,
-                "/api/v1/remotes/push/notify",
-                payload,
-                content_type="application/json",
-                subdomain="",
-            )
-            self.assert_json_success(result)
-
-        # There are 3 devices we created for the user:
-        # 1. The mobile_pushes_received increment should match that number.
-        # 2. mobile_pushes_forwarded only counts successful deliveries, and we've set up
-        #    the mocks above to simulate 1 successful android and 1 successful apple delivery.
-        #    Thus the increment should be just 2.
-        self.assertTableState(
-            RemoteInstallationCount,
-            ["property", "value", "subgroup", "server", "remote_id", "end_time"],
-            [
-                [
-                    "mobile_pushes_received::day",
-                    3,
-                    None,
-                    self.server,
-                    None,
-                    ceiling_to_day(now),
-                ],
-                [
-                    "mobile_pushes_forwarded::day",
-                    2,
-                    None,
-                    self.server,
-                    None,
-                    ceiling_to_day(now),
-                ],
-            ],
-        )
-        self.assertFalse(
-            RemoteRealmCount.objects.filter(property="mobile_pushes_received::day").exists()
-        )
-        self.assertFalse(
-            RemoteRealmCount.objects.filter(property="mobile_pushes_forwarded::day").exists()
-        )
-
-        # Now provide the realm_uuid. However, the RemoteRealm record doesn't exist yet, so it'll
-        # still be ignored.
-        payload = {
-            "user_id": hamlet.id,
-            "user_uuid": str(hamlet.uuid),
-            "realm_uuid": str(hamlet.realm.uuid),
-            "gcm_payload": gcm_payload,
-            "apns_payload": apns_payload,
-            "gcm_options": gcm_options,
-        }
-        with time_machine.travel(now, tick=False), mock.patch(
-            "zilencer.views.send_android_push_notification", return_value=1
-        ), mock.patch(
-            "zilencer.views.send_apple_push_notification", return_value=1
-        ), self.assertLogs(
-            "zilencer.views", level="INFO"
-        ):
-            result = self.uuid_post(
-                self.server_uuid,
-                "/api/v1/remotes/push/notify",
-                payload,
-                content_type="application/json",
-                subdomain="",
-            )
-            self.assert_json_success(result)
-
-        # The RemoteInstallationCount records get incremented again, but the RemoteRealmCount
-        # remains ignored due to missing RemoteRealm record.
-        self.assertTableState(
-            RemoteInstallationCount,
-            ["property", "value", "subgroup", "server", "remote_id", "end_time"],
-            [
-                [
-                    "mobile_pushes_received::day",
-                    6,
-                    None,
-                    self.server,
-                    None,
-                    ceiling_to_day(now),
-                ],
-                [
-                    "mobile_pushes_forwarded::day",
-                    4,
-                    None,
-                    self.server,
-                    None,
-                    ceiling_to_day(now),
-                ],
-            ],
-        )
-        self.assertFalse(
-            RemoteRealmCount.objects.filter(property="mobile_pushes_received::day").exists()
-        )
-        self.assertFalse(
-            RemoteRealmCount.objects.filter(property="mobile_pushes_forwarded::day").exists()
-        )
-
-        # Create the RemoteRealm registration and repeat the above. This time RemoteRealmCount
-        # stats should be collected.
-        realm = hamlet.realm
-        remote_realm = RemoteRealm.objects.create(
-            server=self.server,
-            uuid=realm.uuid,
-            uuid_owner_secret=realm.uuid_owner_secret,
-            host=realm.host,
-            realm_deactivated=realm.deactivated,
-            realm_date_created=realm.date_created,
-        )
-
-        with time_machine.travel(now, tick=False), mock.patch(
-            "zilencer.views.send_android_push_notification", return_value=1
-        ), mock.patch(
-            "zilencer.views.send_apple_push_notification", return_value=1
-        ), self.assertLogs(
-            "zilencer.views", level="INFO"
-        ):
-            result = self.uuid_post(
-                self.server_uuid,
-                "/api/v1/remotes/push/notify",
-                payload,
-                content_type="application/json",
-                subdomain="",
-            )
-            self.assert_json_success(result)
-
-        # The RemoteInstallationCount records get incremented again, and the RemoteRealmCount
-        # gets collected.
-        self.assertTableState(
-            RemoteInstallationCount,
-            ["property", "value", "subgroup", "server", "remote_id", "end_time"],
-            [
-                [
-                    "mobile_pushes_received::day",
-                    9,
-                    None,
-                    self.server,
-                    None,
-                    ceiling_to_day(now),
-                ],
-                [
-                    "mobile_pushes_forwarded::day",
-                    6,
-                    None,
-                    self.server,
-                    None,
-                    ceiling_to_day(now),
-                ],
-            ],
-        )
-        self.assertTableState(
-            RemoteRealmCount,
-            ["property", "value", "subgroup", "server", "remote_realm", "remote_id", "end_time"],
-            [
-                [
-                    "mobile_pushes_received::day",
-                    3,
-                    None,
-                    self.server,
-                    remote_realm,
-                    None,
-                    ceiling_to_day(now),
-                ],
-                [
-                    "mobile_pushes_forwarded::day",
-                    2,
-                    None,
-                    self.server,
-                    remote_realm,
-                    None,
-                    ceiling_to_day(now),
-                ],
-            ],
-        )
-
    def test_invites_sent(self) -> None:
        property = "invites_sent::day"

@@ -1650,61 +1364,34 @@ class TestLoggingCountStats(AnalyticsTestCase):

        user = self.create_user(email="first@domain.tld")
        stream, _ = self.create_stream_with_recipient()
-
-        invite_expires_in_minutes = 2 * 24 * 60
-        with mock.patch("zerver.actions.invites.too_many_recent_realm_invites", return_value=False):
-            do_invite_users(
-                user,
-                ["user1@domain.tld", "user2@domain.tld"],
-                [stream],
-                invite_expires_in_minutes=invite_expires_in_minutes,
-            )
+        do_invite_users(user, ["user1@domain.tld", "user2@domain.tld"], [stream])
        assertInviteCountEquals(2)

        # We currently send emails when re-inviting users that haven't
        # turned into accounts, so count them towards the total
-        with mock.patch("zerver.actions.invites.too_many_recent_realm_invites", return_value=False):
-            do_invite_users(
-                user,
-                ["user1@domain.tld", "user2@domain.tld"],
-                [stream],
-                invite_expires_in_minutes=invite_expires_in_minutes,
-            )
+        do_invite_users(user, ["user1@domain.tld", "user2@domain.tld"], [stream])
        assertInviteCountEquals(4)

        # Test mix of good and malformed invite emails
-        with self.assertRaises(InvitationError), mock.patch(
-            "zerver.actions.invites.too_many_recent_realm_invites", return_value=False
-        ):
-            do_invite_users(
-                user,
-                ["user3@domain.tld", "malformed"],
-                [stream],
-                invite_expires_in_minutes=invite_expires_in_minutes,
-            )
+        try:
+            do_invite_users(user, ["user3@domain.tld", "malformed"], [stream])
+        except InvitationError:
+            pass
        assertInviteCountEquals(4)

        # Test inviting existing users
-        with self.assertRaises(InvitationError), mock.patch(
-            "zerver.actions.invites.too_many_recent_realm_invites", return_value=False
-        ):
-            do_invite_users(
-                user,
-                ["first@domain.tld", "user4@domain.tld"],
-                [stream],
-                invite_expires_in_minutes=invite_expires_in_minutes,
-            )
+        try:
+            do_invite_users(user, ["first@domain.tld", "user4@domain.tld"], [stream])
+        except InvitationError:
+            pass
        assertInviteCountEquals(5)

        # Revoking invite should not give you credit
-        do_revoke_user_invite(
-            assert_is_not_none(PreregistrationUser.objects.filter(realm=user.realm).first())
-        )
+        do_revoke_user_invite(PreregistrationUser.objects.filter(realm=user.realm).first())
        assertInviteCountEquals(5)

        # Resending invite should cost you
-        with mock.patch("zerver.actions.invites.too_many_recent_realm_invites", return_value=False):
-            do_resend_user_invite_email(assert_is_not_none(PreregistrationUser.objects.first()))
+        do_resend_user_invite_email(PreregistrationUser.objects.first())
        assertInviteCountEquals(6)

    def test_messages_read_hour(self) -> None:
@@ -1718,7 +1405,8 @@ class TestLoggingCountStats(AnalyticsTestCase):
        self.subscribe(user2, stream.name)

        self.send_personal_message(user1, user2)
-        do_mark_all_as_read(user2)
+        client = get_client("website")
+        do_mark_all_as_read(user2, client)
        self.assertEqual(
            1,
            UserCount.objects.filter(property=read_count_property).aggregate(Sum("value"))[
@@ -1734,7 +1422,7 @@ class TestLoggingCountStats(AnalyticsTestCase):

        self.send_stream_message(user1, stream.name)
        self.send_stream_message(user1, stream.name)
-        do_mark_stream_messages_as_read(user2, assert_is_not_none(stream.recipient_id))
+        do_mark_stream_messages_as_read(user2, stream.recipient_id)
        self.assertEqual(
            3,
            UserCount.objects.filter(property=read_count_property).aggregate(Sum("value"))[
@@ -1749,7 +1437,7 @@ class TestLoggingCountStats(AnalyticsTestCase):
        )

        message = self.send_stream_message(user2, stream.name)
-        do_update_message_flags(user1, "add", "read", [message])
+        do_update_message_flags(user1, client, "add", "read", [message])
        self.assertEqual(
            4,
            UserCount.objects.filter(property=read_count_property).aggregate(Sum("value"))[
@@ -1777,12 +1465,12 @@ class TestDeleteStats(AnalyticsTestCase):
        FillState.objects.create(property="test", end_time=self.TIME_ZERO, state=FillState.DONE)

        analytics = apps.get_app_config("analytics")
-        for table in analytics.models.values():
-            self.assertTrue(table._default_manager.exists())
+        for table in list(analytics.models.values()):
+            self.assertTrue(table.objects.exists())

        do_drop_all_analytics_tables()
-        for table in analytics.models.values():
-            self.assertFalse(table._default_manager.exists())
+        for table in list(analytics.models.values()):
+            self.assertFalse(table.objects.exists())

    def test_do_drop_single_stat(self) -> None:
        user = self.create_user()
@@ -1801,17 +1489,16 @@ class TestDeleteStats(AnalyticsTestCase):
        FillState.objects.create(property="to_save", end_time=self.TIME_ZERO, state=FillState.DONE)

        analytics = apps.get_app_config("analytics")
-        for table in analytics.models.values():
-            self.assertTrue(table._default_manager.exists())
+        for table in list(analytics.models.values()):
+            self.assertTrue(table.objects.exists())

        do_drop_single_stat("to_delete")
-        for table in analytics.models.values():
-            self.assertFalse(table._default_manager.filter(property="to_delete").exists())
-            self.assertTrue(table._default_manager.filter(property="to_save").exists())
+        for table in list(analytics.models.values()):
+            self.assertFalse(table.objects.filter(property="to_delete").exists())
+            self.assertTrue(table.objects.filter(property="to_save").exists())


 class TestActiveUsersAudit(AnalyticsTestCase):
-    @override
    def setUp(self) -> None:
        super().setUp()
        self.user = self.create_user()
@@ -1976,7 +1663,7 @@ class TestActiveUsersAudit(AnalyticsTestCase):
            "email4", "password", self.default_realm, "full_name", acting_user=None
        )
        do_deactivate_user(user2, acting_user=None)
-        do_activate_mirror_dummy_user(user3, acting_user=None)
+        do_activate_user(user3, acting_user=None)
        do_reactivate_user(user4, acting_user=None)
        end_time = floor_to_day(timezone_now()) + self.DAY
        do_fill_count_stat_at_hour(self.stat, end_time)
@@ -1994,7 +1681,6 @@ class TestActiveUsersAudit(AnalyticsTestCase):


 class TestRealmActiveHumans(AnalyticsTestCase):
-    @override
    def setUp(self) -> None:
        super().setUp()
        self.stat = COUNT_STATS["realm_active_humans::day"]
@@ -2114,26 +1800,3 @@ class TestRealmActiveHumans(AnalyticsTestCase):
            1,
        )
        self.assertEqual(RealmCount.objects.filter(property="realm_active_humans::day").count(), 1)
-
-
-class GetLastIdFromServerTest(ZulipTestCase):
-    def test_get_last_id_from_server_ignores_null(self) -> None:
-        """
-        Verifies that get_last_id_from_server ignores null remote_ids, since this goes
-        against the default Postgres ordering behavior, which treats nulls as the largest value.
-        """
-        self.server_uuid = "6cde5f7a-1f7e-4978-9716-49f69ebfc9fe"
-        self.server = RemoteZulipServer.objects.create(
-            uuid=self.server_uuid,
-            api_key="magic_secret_api_key",
-            hostname="demo.example.com",
-            last_updated=timezone_now(),
-        )
-        first = RemoteInstallationCount.objects.create(
-            end_time=timezone_now(), server=self.server, property="test", value=1, remote_id=1
-        )
-        RemoteInstallationCount.objects.create(
-            end_time=timezone_now(), server=self.server, property="test2", value=1, remote_id=None
-        )
-        result = get_last_id_from_server(self.server, RemoteInstallationCount)
-        self.assertEqual(result, first.remote_id)
--- a/analytics/tests/test_fixtures.py
+++ b/analytics/tests/test_fixtures.py
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ class TestFixtures(ZulipTestCase):
            frequency=CountStat.HOUR,
        )
        # test we get an array of the right length with frequency=CountStat.HOUR
-        self.assert_length(data, 24)
+        self.assertEqual(len(data), 24)
        # test that growth doesn't affect the first data point
        self.assertEqual(data[0], 2000)
        # test that the last data point is growth times what it otherwise would be
--- a/analytics/tests/test_stats_views.py
+++ b/analytics/tests/test_stats_views.py
@@ -1,686 +0,0 @@
-from datetime import datetime, timedelta, timezone
-from typing import List, Optional
-
-from django.utils.timezone import now as timezone_now
-from typing_extensions import override
-
-from analytics.lib.counts import COUNT_STATS, CountStat
-from analytics.lib.time_utils import time_range
-from analytics.models import FillState, RealmCount, StreamCount, UserCount
-from analytics.views.stats import rewrite_client_arrays, sort_by_totals, sort_client_labels
-from zerver.lib.test_classes import ZulipTestCase
-from zerver.lib.timestamp import ceiling_to_day, ceiling_to_hour, datetime_to_timestamp
-from zerver.models import Client, get_realm
-
-
-class TestStatsEndpoint(ZulipTestCase):
-    def test_stats(self) -> None:
-        self.user = self.example_user("hamlet")
-        self.login_user(self.user)
-        result = self.client_get("/stats")
-        self.assertEqual(result.status_code, 200)
-        # Check that we get something back
-        self.assert_in_response("Zulip analytics for", result)
-
-    def test_guest_user_cant_access_stats(self) -> None:
-        self.user = self.example_user("polonius")
-        self.login_user(self.user)
-        result = self.client_get("/stats")
-        self.assert_json_error(result, "Not allowed for guest users", 400)
-
-        result = self.client_get("/json/analytics/chart_data")
-        self.assert_json_error(result, "Not allowed for guest users", 400)
-
-    def test_stats_for_realm(self) -> None:
-        user = self.example_user("hamlet")
-        self.login_user(user)
-
-        result = self.client_get("/stats/realm/zulip/")
-        self.assertEqual(result.status_code, 302)
-
-        result = self.client_get("/stats/realm/not_existing_realm/")
-        self.assertEqual(result.status_code, 302)
-
-        user = self.example_user("hamlet")
-        user.is_staff = True
-        user.save(update_fields=["is_staff"])
-
-        result = self.client_get("/stats/realm/not_existing_realm/")
-        self.assertEqual(result.status_code, 404)
-
-        result = self.client_get("/stats/realm/zulip/")
-        self.assertEqual(result.status_code, 200)
-        self.assert_in_response("Zulip analytics for", result)
-
-    def test_stats_for_installation(self) -> None:
-        user = self.example_user("hamlet")
-        self.login_user(user)
-
-        result = self.client_get("/stats/installation")
-        self.assertEqual(result.status_code, 302)
-
-        user = self.example_user("hamlet")
-        user.is_staff = True
-        user.save(update_fields=["is_staff"])
-
-        result = self.client_get("/stats/installation")
-        self.assertEqual(result.status_code, 200)
-        self.assert_in_response("Zulip analytics for", result)
-
-
-class TestGetChartData(ZulipTestCase):
-    @override
-    def setUp(self) -> None:
-        super().setUp()
-        self.realm = get_realm("zulip")
-        self.user = self.example_user("hamlet")
-        self.stream_id = self.get_stream_id(self.get_streams(self.user)[0])
-        self.login_user(self.user)
-        self.end_times_hour = [
-            ceiling_to_hour(self.realm.date_created) + timedelta(hours=i) for i in range(4)
-        ]
-        self.end_times_day = [
-            ceiling_to_day(self.realm.date_created) + timedelta(days=i) for i in range(4)
-        ]
-
-    def data(self, i: int) -> List[int]:
-        return [0, 0, i, 0]
-
-    def insert_data(
-        self, stat: CountStat, realm_subgroups: List[Optional[str]], user_subgroups: List[str]
-    ) -> None:
-        if stat.frequency == CountStat.HOUR:
-            insert_time = self.end_times_hour[2]
-            fill_time = self.end_times_hour[-1]
-        if stat.frequency == CountStat.DAY:
-            insert_time = self.end_times_day[2]
-            fill_time = self.end_times_day[-1]
-
-        RealmCount.objects.bulk_create(
-            RealmCount(
-                property=stat.property,
-                subgroup=subgroup,
-                end_time=insert_time,
-                value=100 + i,
-                realm=self.realm,
-            )
-            for i, subgroup in enumerate(realm_subgroups)
-        )
-        UserCount.objects.bulk_create(
-            UserCount(
-                property=stat.property,
-                subgroup=subgroup,
-                end_time=insert_time,
-                value=200 + i,
-                realm=self.realm,
-                user=self.user,
-            )
-            for i, subgroup in enumerate(user_subgroups)
-        )
-        StreamCount.objects.bulk_create(
-            StreamCount(
-                property=stat.property,
-                subgroup=subgroup,
-                end_time=insert_time,
-                value=100 + i,
-                stream_id=self.stream_id,
-                realm=self.realm,
-            )
-            for i, subgroup in enumerate(realm_subgroups)
-        )
-        FillState.objects.create(property=stat.property, end_time=fill_time, state=FillState.DONE)
-
-    def test_number_of_humans(self) -> None:
-        stat = COUNT_STATS["realm_active_humans::day"]
-        self.insert_data(stat, [None], [])
-        stat = COUNT_STATS["1day_actives::day"]
-        self.insert_data(stat, [None], [])
-        stat = COUNT_STATS["active_users_audit:is_bot:day"]
-        self.insert_data(stat, ["false"], [])
-        result = self.client_get("/json/analytics/chart_data", {"chart_name": "number_of_humans"})
-        data = self.assert_json_success(result)
-        self.assertEqual(
-            data,
-            {
-                "msg": "",
-                "end_times": [datetime_to_timestamp(dt) for dt in self.end_times_day],
-                "frequency": CountStat.DAY,
-                "everyone": {
-                    "_1day": self.data(100),
-                    "_15day": self.data(100),
-                    "all_time": self.data(100),
-                },
-                "display_order": None,
-                "result": "success",
-            },
-        )
-
-    def test_messages_sent_over_time(self) -> None:
-        stat = COUNT_STATS["messages_sent:is_bot:hour"]
-        self.insert_data(stat, ["true", "false"], ["false"])
-        result = self.client_get(
-            "/json/analytics/chart_data", {"chart_name": "messages_sent_over_time"}
-        )
-        data = self.assert_json_success(result)
-        self.assertEqual(
-            data,
-            {
-                "msg": "",
-                "end_times": [datetime_to_timestamp(dt) for dt in self.end_times_hour],
-                "frequency": CountStat.HOUR,
-                "everyone": {"bot": self.data(100), "human": self.data(101)},
-                "user": {"bot": self.data(0), "human": self.data(200)},
-                "display_order": None,
-                "result": "success",
-            },
-        )
-
-    def test_messages_sent_by_message_type(self) -> None:
-        stat = COUNT_STATS["messages_sent:message_type:day"]
-        self.insert_data(
-            stat, ["public_stream", "private_message"], ["public_stream", "private_stream"]
-        )
-        result = self.client_get(
-            "/json/analytics/chart_data", {"chart_name": "messages_sent_by_message_type"}
-        )
-        data = self.assert_json_success(result)
-        self.assertEqual(
-            data,
-            {
-                "msg": "",
-                "end_times": [datetime_to_timestamp(dt) for dt in self.end_times_day],
-                "frequency": CountStat.DAY,
-                "everyone": {
-                    "Public streams": self.data(100),
-                    "Private streams": self.data(0),
-                    "Direct messages": self.data(101),
-                    "Group direct messages": self.data(0),
-                },
-                "user": {
-                    "Public streams": self.data(200),
-                    "Private streams": self.data(201),
-                    "Direct messages": self.data(0),
-                    "Group direct messages": self.data(0),
-                },
-                "display_order": [
-                    "Direct messages",
-                    "Public streams",
-                    "Private streams",
-                    "Group direct messages",
-                ],
-                "result": "success",
-            },
-        )
-
-    def test_messages_sent_by_client(self) -> None:
-        stat = COUNT_STATS["messages_sent:client:day"]
-        client1 = Client.objects.create(name="client 1")
-        client2 = Client.objects.create(name="client 2")
-        client3 = Client.objects.create(name="client 3")
-        client4 = Client.objects.create(name="client 4")
-        self.insert_data(
-            stat,
-            [str(client4.id), str(client3.id), str(client2.id)],
-            [str(client3.id), str(client1.id)],
-        )
-        result = self.client_get(
-            "/json/analytics/chart_data", {"chart_name": "messages_sent_by_client"}
-        )
-        data = self.assert_json_success(result)
-        self.assertEqual(
-            data,
-            {
-                "msg": "",
-                "end_times": [datetime_to_timestamp(dt) for dt in self.end_times_day],
-                "frequency": CountStat.DAY,
-                "everyone": {
-                    "client 4": self.data(100),
-                    "client 3": self.data(101),
-                    "client 2": self.data(102),
-                },
-                "user": {"client 3": self.data(200), "client 1": self.data(201)},
-                "display_order": ["client 1", "client 2", "client 3", "client 4"],
-                "result": "success",
-            },
-        )
-
-    def test_messages_read_over_time(self) -> None:
-        stat = COUNT_STATS["messages_read::hour"]
-        self.insert_data(stat, [None], [])
-        result = self.client_get(
-            "/json/analytics/chart_data", {"chart_name": "messages_read_over_time"}
-        )
-        data = self.assert_json_success(result)
-        self.assertEqual(
-            data,
-            {
-                "msg": "",
-                "end_times": [datetime_to_timestamp(dt) for dt in self.end_times_hour],
-                "frequency": CountStat.HOUR,
-                "everyone": {"read": self.data(100)},
-                "user": {"read": self.data(0)},
-                "display_order": None,
-                "result": "success",
-            },
-        )
-
-    def test_messages_sent_by_stream(self) -> None:
-        stat = COUNT_STATS["messages_in_stream:is_bot:day"]
-        self.insert_data(stat, ["true", "false"], [])
-
-        result = self.client_get(
-            f"/json/analytics/chart_data/stream/{self.stream_id}",
-            {
-                "chart_name": "messages_sent_by_stream",
-            },
-        )
-        data = self.assert_json_success(result)
-        self.assertEqual(
-            data,
-            {
-                "msg": "",
-                "end_times": [datetime_to_timestamp(dt) for dt in self.end_times_day],
-                "frequency": CountStat.DAY,
-                "everyone": {"bot": self.data(100), "human": self.data(101)},
-                "display_order": None,
-                "result": "success",
-            },
-        )
-
-        result = self.api_get(
-            self.example_user("polonius"),
-            f"/api/v1/analytics/chart_data/stream/{self.stream_id}",
-            {
-                "chart_name": "messages_sent_by_stream",
-            },
-        )
-        self.assert_json_error(result, "Not allowed for guest users")
-
-        # Verify we correctly forbid access to stats of streams in other realms.
-        result = self.api_get(
-            self.mit_user("sipbtest"),
-            f"/api/v1/analytics/chart_data/stream/{self.stream_id}",
-            {
-                "chart_name": "messages_sent_by_stream",
-            },
-            subdomain="zephyr",
-        )
-        self.assert_json_error(result, "Invalid stream ID")
-
-    def test_include_empty_subgroups(self) -> None:
-        FillState.objects.create(
-            property="realm_active_humans::day",
-            end_time=self.end_times_day[0],
-            state=FillState.DONE,
-        )
-        result = self.client_get("/json/analytics/chart_data", {"chart_name": "number_of_humans"})
-        data = self.assert_json_success(result)
-        self.assertEqual(data["everyone"], {"_1day": [0], "_15day": [0], "all_time": [0]})
-        self.assertFalse("user" in data)
-
-        FillState.objects.create(
-            property="messages_sent:is_bot:hour",
-            end_time=self.end_times_hour[0],
-            state=FillState.DONE,
-        )
-        result = self.client_get(
-            "/json/analytics/chart_data", {"chart_name": "messages_sent_over_time"}
-        )
-        data = self.assert_json_success(result)
-        self.assertEqual(data["everyone"], {"human": [0], "bot": [0]})
-        self.assertEqual(data["user"], {"human": [0], "bot": [0]})
-
-        FillState.objects.create(
-            property="messages_sent:message_type:day",
-            end_time=self.end_times_day[0],
-            state=FillState.DONE,
-        )
-        result = self.client_get(
-            "/json/analytics/chart_data", {"chart_name": "messages_sent_by_message_type"}
-        )
-        data = self.assert_json_success(result)
-        self.assertEqual(
-            data["everyone"],
-            {
-                "Public streams": [0],
-                "Private streams": [0],
-                "Direct messages": [0],
-                "Group direct messages": [0],
-            },
-        )
-        self.assertEqual(
-            data["user"],
-            {
-                "Public streams": [0],
-                "Private streams": [0],
-                "Direct messages": [0],
-                "Group direct messages": [0],
-            },
-        )
-
-        FillState.objects.create(
-            property="messages_sent:client:day",
-            end_time=self.end_times_day[0],
-            state=FillState.DONE,
-        )
-        result = self.client_get(
-            "/json/analytics/chart_data", {"chart_name": "messages_sent_by_client"}
-        )
-        data = self.assert_json_success(result)
-        self.assertEqual(data["everyone"], {})
-        self.assertEqual(data["user"], {})
-
-    def test_start_and_end(self) -> None:
-        stat = COUNT_STATS["realm_active_humans::day"]
-        self.insert_data(stat, [None], [])
-        stat = COUNT_STATS["1day_actives::day"]
-        self.insert_data(stat, [None], [])
-        stat = COUNT_STATS["active_users_audit:is_bot:day"]
-        self.insert_data(stat, ["false"], [])
-        end_time_timestamps = [datetime_to_timestamp(dt) for dt in self.end_times_day]
-
-        # valid start and end
-        result = self.client_get(
-            "/json/analytics/chart_data",
-            {
-                "chart_name": "number_of_humans",
-                "start": end_time_timestamps[1],
-                "end": end_time_timestamps[2],
-            },
-        )
-        data = self.assert_json_success(result)
-        self.assertEqual(data["end_times"], end_time_timestamps[1:3])
-        self.assertEqual(
-            data["everyone"], {"_1day": [0, 100], "_15day": [0, 100], "all_time": [0, 100]}
-        )
-
-        # start later then end
-        result = self.client_get(
-            "/json/analytics/chart_data",
-            {
-                "chart_name": "number_of_humans",
-                "start": end_time_timestamps[2],
-                "end": end_time_timestamps[1],
-            },
-        )
-        self.assert_json_error_contains(result, "Start time is later than")
-
-    def test_min_length(self) -> None:
-        stat = COUNT_STATS["realm_active_humans::day"]
-        self.insert_data(stat, [None], [])
-        stat = COUNT_STATS["1day_actives::day"]
-        self.insert_data(stat, [None], [])
-        stat = COUNT_STATS["active_users_audit:is_bot:day"]
-        self.insert_data(stat, ["false"], [])
-        # test min_length is too short to change anything
-        result = self.client_get(
-            "/json/analytics/chart_data", {"chart_name": "number_of_humans", "min_length": 2}
-        )
-        data = self.assert_json_success(result)
-        self.assertEqual(
-            data["end_times"], [datetime_to_timestamp(dt) for dt in self.end_times_day]
-        )
-        self.assertEqual(
-            data["everyone"],
-            {"_1day": self.data(100), "_15day": self.data(100), "all_time": self.data(100)},
-        )
-        # test min_length larger than filled data
-        result = self.client_get(
-            "/json/analytics/chart_data", {"chart_name": "number_of_humans", "min_length": 5}
-        )
-        data = self.assert_json_success(result)
-        end_times = [
-            ceiling_to_day(self.realm.date_created) + timedelta(days=i) for i in range(-1, 4)
-        ]
-        self.assertEqual(data["end_times"], [datetime_to_timestamp(dt) for dt in end_times])
-        self.assertEqual(
-            data["everyone"],
-            {
-                "_1day": [0, *self.data(100)],
-                "_15day": [0, *self.data(100)],
-                "all_time": [0, *self.data(100)],
-            },
-        )
-
-    def test_non_existent_chart(self) -> None:
-        result = self.client_get("/json/analytics/chart_data", {"chart_name": "does_not_exist"})
-        self.assert_json_error_contains(result, "Unknown chart name")
-
-    def test_analytics_not_running(self) -> None:
-        realm = get_realm("zulip")
-
-        self.assertEqual(FillState.objects.count(), 0)
-
-        realm.date_created = timezone_now() - timedelta(days=3)
-        realm.save(update_fields=["date_created"])
-        with self.assertLogs(level="WARNING") as m:
-            result = self.client_get(
-                "/json/analytics/chart_data", {"chart_name": "messages_sent_over_time"}
-            )
-            self.assertEqual(
-                m.output,
-                [
-                    f"WARNING:root:User from realm zulip attempted to access /stats, but the computed start time: {realm.date_created} (creation of realm or installation) is later than the computed end time: 0001-01-01 00:00:00+00:00 (last successful analytics update). Is the analytics cron job running?"
-                ],
-            )
-
-        self.assert_json_error_contains(result, "No analytics data available")
-
-        realm.date_created = timezone_now() - timedelta(days=1, hours=2)
-        realm.save(update_fields=["date_created"])
-        with self.assertLogs(level="WARNING") as m:
-            result = self.client_get(
-                "/json/analytics/chart_data", {"chart_name": "messages_sent_over_time"}
-            )
-            self.assertEqual(
-                m.output,
-                [
-                    f"WARNING:root:User from realm zulip attempted to access /stats, but the computed start time: {realm.date_created} (creation of realm or installation) is later than the computed end time: 0001-01-01 00:00:00+00:00 (last successful analytics update). Is the analytics cron job running?"
-                ],
-            )
-
-        self.assert_json_error_contains(result, "No analytics data available")
-
-        realm.date_created = timezone_now() - timedelta(days=1, minutes=10)
-        realm.save(update_fields=["date_created"])
-        result = self.client_get(
-            "/json/analytics/chart_data", {"chart_name": "messages_sent_over_time"}
-        )
-        self.assert_json_success(result)
-
-        realm.date_created = timezone_now() - timedelta(hours=10)
-        realm.save(update_fields=["date_created"])
-        result = self.client_get(
-            "/json/analytics/chart_data", {"chart_name": "messages_sent_over_time"}
-        )
-        self.assert_json_success(result)
-
-        end_time = timezone_now() - timedelta(days=5)
-        fill_state = FillState.objects.create(
-            property="messages_sent:is_bot:hour", end_time=end_time, state=FillState.DONE
-        )
-
-        realm.date_created = timezone_now() - timedelta(days=3)
-        realm.save(update_fields=["date_created"])
-        with self.assertLogs(level="WARNING") as m:
-            result = self.client_get(
-                "/json/analytics/chart_data", {"chart_name": "messages_sent_over_time"}
-            )
-            self.assertEqual(
-                m.output,
-                [
-                    f"WARNING:root:User from realm zulip attempted to access /stats, but the computed start time: {realm.date_created} (creation of realm or installation) is later than the computed end time: {end_time} (last successful analytics update). Is the analytics cron job running?"
-                ],
-            )
-
-        self.assert_json_error_contains(result, "No analytics data available")
-
-        realm.date_created = timezone_now() - timedelta(days=1, minutes=10)
-        realm.save(update_fields=["date_created"])
-        result = self.client_get(
-            "/json/analytics/chart_data", {"chart_name": "messages_sent_over_time"}
-        )
-        self.assert_json_success(result)
-
-        end_time = timezone_now() - timedelta(days=2)
-        fill_state.end_time = end_time
-        fill_state.save(update_fields=["end_time"])
-
-        realm.date_created = timezone_now() - timedelta(days=3)
-        realm.save(update_fields=["date_created"])
-        result = self.client_get(
-            "/json/analytics/chart_data", {"chart_name": "messages_sent_over_time"}
-        )
-        self.assert_json_success(result)
-
-        realm.date_created = timezone_now() - timedelta(days=1, hours=2)
-        realm.save(update_fields=["date_created"])
-        with self.assertLogs(level="WARNING") as m:
-            result = self.client_get(
-                "/json/analytics/chart_data", {"chart_name": "messages_sent_over_time"}
-            )
-            self.assertEqual(
-                m.output,
-                [
-                    f"WARNING:root:User from realm zulip attempted to access /stats, but the computed start time: {realm.date_created} (creation of realm or installation) is later than the computed end time: {end_time} (last successful analytics update). Is the analytics cron job running?"
-                ],
-            )
-
-        self.assert_json_error_contains(result, "No analytics data available")
-
-        realm.date_created = timezone_now() - timedelta(days=1, minutes=10)
-        realm.save(update_fields=["date_created"])
-        result = self.client_get(
-            "/json/analytics/chart_data", {"chart_name": "messages_sent_over_time"}
-        )
-        self.assert_json_success(result)
-
-    def test_get_chart_data_for_realm(self) -> None:
-        user = self.example_user("hamlet")
-        self.login_user(user)
-
-        result = self.client_get(
-            "/json/analytics/chart_data/realm/zulip", {"chart_name": "number_of_humans"}
-        )
-        self.assert_json_error(result, "Must be an server administrator", 400)
-
-        user = self.example_user("hamlet")
-        user.is_staff = True
-        user.save(update_fields=["is_staff"])
-        stat = COUNT_STATS["realm_active_humans::day"]
-        self.insert_data(stat, [None], [])
-
-        result = self.client_get(
-            "/json/analytics/chart_data/realm/not_existing_realm",
-            {"chart_name": "number_of_humans"},
-        )
-        self.assert_json_error(result, "Invalid organization", 400)
-
-        result = self.client_get(
-            "/json/analytics/chart_data/realm/zulip", {"chart_name": "number_of_humans"}
-        )
-        self.assert_json_success(result)
-
-    def test_get_chart_data_for_installation(self) -> None:
-        user = self.example_user("hamlet")
-        self.login_user(user)
-
-        result = self.client_get(
-            "/json/analytics/chart_data/installation", {"chart_name": "number_of_humans"}
-        )
-        self.assert_json_error(result, "Must be an server administrator", 400)
-
-        user = self.example_user("hamlet")
-        user.is_staff = True
-        user.save(update_fields=["is_staff"])
-        stat = COUNT_STATS["realm_active_humans::day"]
-        self.insert_data(stat, [None], [])
-
-        result = self.client_get(
-            "/json/analytics/chart_data/installation", {"chart_name": "number_of_humans"}
-        )
-        self.assert_json_success(result)
-
-
-class TestGetChartDataHelpers(ZulipTestCase):
-    def test_sort_by_totals(self) -> None:
-        empty: List[int] = []
-        value_arrays = {"c": [0, 1], "a": [9], "b": [1, 1, 1], "d": empty}
-        self.assertEqual(sort_by_totals(value_arrays), ["a", "b", "c", "d"])
-
-    def test_sort_client_labels(self) -> None:
-        data = {
-            "everyone": {"a": [16], "c": [15], "b": [14], "e": [13], "d": [12], "h": [11]},
-            "user": {"a": [6], "b": [5], "d": [4], "e": [3], "f": [2], "g": [1]},
-        }
-        self.assertEqual(sort_client_labels(data), ["a", "b", "c", "d", "e", "f", "g", "h"])
-
-
-class TestTimeRange(ZulipTestCase):
-    def test_time_range(self) -> None:
-        HOUR = timedelta(hours=1)
-        DAY = timedelta(days=1)
-
-        a_time = datetime(2016, 3, 14, 22, 59, tzinfo=timezone.utc)
-        floor_hour = datetime(2016, 3, 14, 22, tzinfo=timezone.utc)
-        floor_day = datetime(2016, 3, 14, tzinfo=timezone.utc)
-
-        # test start == end
-        self.assertEqual(time_range(a_time, a_time, CountStat.HOUR, None), [])
-        self.assertEqual(time_range(a_time, a_time, CountStat.DAY, None), [])
-        # test start == end == boundary, and min_length == 0
-        self.assertEqual(time_range(floor_hour, floor_hour, CountStat.HOUR, 0), [floor_hour])
-        self.assertEqual(time_range(floor_day, floor_day, CountStat.DAY, 0), [floor_day])
-        # test start and end on different boundaries
-        self.assertEqual(
-            time_range(floor_hour, floor_hour + HOUR, CountStat.HOUR, None),
-            [floor_hour, floor_hour + HOUR],
-        )
-        self.assertEqual(
-            time_range(floor_day, floor_day + DAY, CountStat.DAY, None),
-            [floor_day, floor_day + DAY],
-        )
-        # test min_length
-        self.assertEqual(
-            time_range(floor_hour, floor_hour + HOUR, CountStat.HOUR, 4),
-            [floor_hour - 2 * HOUR, floor_hour - HOUR, floor_hour, floor_hour + HOUR],
-        )
-        self.assertEqual(
-            time_range(floor_day, floor_day + DAY, CountStat.DAY, 4),
-            [floor_day - 2 * DAY, floor_day - DAY, floor_day, floor_day + DAY],
-        )
-
-
-class TestMapArrays(ZulipTestCase):
-    def test_map_arrays(self) -> None:
-        a = {
-            "desktop app 1.0": [1, 2, 3],
-            "desktop app 2.0": [10, 12, 13],
-            "desktop app 3.0": [21, 22, 23],
-            "website": [1, 2, 3],
-            "ZulipiOS": [1, 2, 3],
-            "ZulipElectron": [2, 5, 7],
-            "ZulipMobile": [1, 5, 7],
-            "ZulipPython": [1, 2, 3],
-            "API: Python": [1, 2, 3],
-            "SomethingRandom": [4, 5, 6],
-            "ZulipGitHubWebhook": [7, 7, 9],
-            "ZulipAndroid": [64, 63, 65],
-            "ZulipTerminal": [9, 10, 11],
-        }
-        result = rewrite_client_arrays(a)
-        self.assertEqual(
-            result,
-            {
-                "Old desktop app": [32, 36, 39],
-                "Old iOS app": [1, 2, 3],
-                "Desktop app": [2, 5, 7],
-                "Mobile app": [1, 5, 7],
-                "Web app": [1, 2, 3],
-                "Python API": [2, 4, 6],
-                "SomethingRandom": [4, 5, 6],
-                "GitHub webhook": [7, 7, 9],
-                "Old Android app": [64, 63, 65],
-                "Terminal app": [9, 10, 11],
-            },
-        )
--- a/analytics/tests/test_support_views.py
+++ b/analytics/tests/test_support_views.py
@@ -1,806 +0,0 @@
-from datetime import datetime, timedelta, timezone
-from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Optional
-from unittest import mock
-
-import orjson
-from django.utils.timezone import now as timezone_now
-from typing_extensions import override
-
-from corporate.lib.stripe import add_months
-from corporate.lib.support import update_realm_sponsorship_status
-from corporate.models import Customer, CustomerPlan, LicenseLedger, get_customer_by_realm
-from zerver.actions.invites import do_create_multiuse_invite_link
-from zerver.actions.realm_settings import do_change_realm_org_type, do_send_realm_reactivation_email
-from zerver.actions.user_settings import do_change_user_setting
-from zerver.lib.test_classes import ZulipTestCase
-from zerver.lib.test_helpers import reset_email_visibility_to_everyone_in_zulip_realm
-from zerver.models import (
-    MultiuseInvite,
-    PreregistrationUser,
-    Realm,
-    UserMessage,
-    UserProfile,
-    get_org_type_display_name,
-    get_realm,
-)
-from zilencer.lib.remote_counts import MissingDataError
-
-if TYPE_CHECKING:
-    from django.test.client import _MonkeyPatchedWSGIResponse as TestHttpResponse
-
-import uuid
-
-from zilencer.models import RemoteZulipServer
-
-
-class TestRemoteServerSupportEndpoint(ZulipTestCase):
-    @override
-    def setUp(self) -> None:
-        super().setUp()
-
-        # Set up some initial example data.
-        for i in range(20):
-            hostname = f"zulip-{i}.example.com"
-            RemoteZulipServer.objects.create(
-                hostname=hostname, contact_email=f"admin@{hostname}", plan_type=1, uuid=uuid.uuid4()
-            )
-
-    def test_search(self) -> None:
-        self.login("cordelia")
-
-        result = self.client_get("/activity/remote/support")
-        self.assertEqual(result.status_code, 302)
-        self.assertEqual(result["Location"], "/login/")
-
-        # Iago is the user with the appropriate permissions to access this page.
-        self.login("iago")
-        assert self.example_user("iago").is_staff
-
-        result = self.client_get("/activity/remote/support")
-        self.assert_in_success_response(
-            [
-                'input type="text" name="q" class="input-xxlarge search-query" placeholder="hostname or contact email"'
-            ],
-            result,
-        )
-
-        with mock.patch("analytics.views.support.compute_max_monthly_messages", return_value=1000):
-            result = self.client_get("/activity/remote/support", {"q": "zulip-1.example.com"})
-        self.assert_in_success_response(["<h3>zulip-1.example.com</h3>"], result)
-        self.assert_in_success_response(["<b>Max monthly messages</b>: 1000"], result)
-        self.assert_not_in_success_response(["<h3>zulip-2.example.com</h3>"], result)
-
-        with mock.patch(
-            "analytics.views.support.compute_max_monthly_messages", side_effect=MissingDataError
-        ):
-            result = self.client_get("/activity/remote/support", {"q": "zulip-1.example.com"})
-        self.assert_in_success_response(["<h3>zulip-1.example.com</h3>"], result)
-        self.assert_in_success_response(
-            ["<b>Max monthly messages</b>: Recent data missing"], result
-        )
-        self.assert_not_in_success_response(["<h3>zulip-2.example.com</h3>"], result)
-
-        result = self.client_get("/activity/remote/support", {"q": "example.com"})
-        for i in range(20):
-            self.assert_in_success_response([f"<h3>zulip-{i}.example.com</h3>"], result)
-
-        result = self.client_get("/activity/remote/support", {"q": "admin@zulip-2.example.com"})
-        self.assert_in_success_response(["<h3>zulip-2.example.com</h3>"], result)
-        self.assert_in_success_response(["<b>Contact email</b>: admin@zulip-2.example.com"], result)
-        self.assert_not_in_success_response(["<h3>zulip-1.example.com</h3>"], result)
-
-
-class TestSupportEndpoint(ZulipTestCase):
-    def test_search(self) -> None:
-        reset_email_visibility_to_everyone_in_zulip_realm()
-        lear_user = self.lear_user("king")
-        lear_user.is_staff = True
-        lear_user.save(update_fields=["is_staff"])
-        lear_realm = get_realm("lear")
-
-        def assert_user_details_in_html_response(
-            html_response: "TestHttpResponse", full_name: str, email: str, role: str
-        ) -> None:
-            self.assert_in_success_response(
-                [
-                    '<span class="label">user</span>\n',
-                    f"<h3>{full_name}</h3>",
-                    f"<b>Email</b>: {email}",
-                    "<b>Is active</b>: True<br />",
-                    f"<b>Role</b>: {role}<br />",
-                ],
-                html_response,
-            )
-
-        def create_invitation(
-            stream: str, invitee_email: str, realm: Optional[Realm] = None
-        ) -> None:
-            invite_expires_in_minutes = 10 * 24 * 60
-            self.client_post(
-                "/json/invites",
-                {
-                    "invitee_emails": [invitee_email],
-                    "stream_ids": orjson.dumps([self.get_stream_id(stream, realm)]).decode(),
-                    "invite_expires_in_minutes": invite_expires_in_minutes,
-                    "invite_as": PreregistrationUser.INVITE_AS["MEMBER"],
-                },
-                subdomain=realm.string_id if realm is not None else "zulip",
-            )
-
-        def check_hamlet_user_query_result(result: "TestHttpResponse") -> None:
-            assert_user_details_in_html_response(
-                result, "King Hamlet", self.example_email("hamlet"), "Member"
-            )
-            self.assert_in_success_response(
-                [
-                    f"<b>Admins</b>: {self.example_email('iago')}\n",
-                    f"<b>Owners</b>: {self.example_email('desdemona')}\n",
-                    'class="copy-button" data-copytext="{}">'.format(self.example_email("iago")),
-                    'class="copy-button" data-copytext="{}">'.format(
-                        self.example_email("desdemona")
-                    ),
-                ],
-                result,
-            )
-
-        def check_lear_user_query_result(result: "TestHttpResponse") -> None:
-            assert_user_details_in_html_response(
-                result, lear_user.full_name, lear_user.email, "Member"
-            )
-
-        def check_othello_user_query_result(result: "TestHttpResponse") -> None:
-            assert_user_details_in_html_response(
-                result, "Othello, the Moor of Venice", self.example_email("othello"), "Member"
-            )
-
-        def check_polonius_user_query_result(result: "TestHttpResponse") -> None:
-            assert_user_details_in_html_response(
-                result, "Polonius", self.example_email("polonius"), "Guest"
-            )
-
-        def check_zulip_realm_query_result(result: "TestHttpResponse") -> None:
-            zulip_realm = get_realm("zulip")
-            first_human_user = zulip_realm.get_first_human_user()
-            assert first_human_user is not None
-            self.assert_in_success_response(
-                [
-                    f"<b>First human user</b>: {first_human_user.delivery_email}\n",
-                    f'<input type="hidden" name="realm_id" value="{zulip_realm.id}"',
-                    "Zulip Dev</h3>",
-                    '<option value="1" selected>Self-hosted</option>',
-                    '<option value="2" >Limited</option>',
-                    'input type="number" name="discount" value="None"',
-                    '<option value="active" selected>Active</option>',
-                    '<option value="deactivated" >Deactivated</option>',
-                    f'<option value="{zulip_realm.org_type}" selected>',
-                    'scrub-realm-button">',
-                    'data-string-id="zulip"',
-                ],
-                result,
-            )
-
-        def check_lear_realm_query_result(result: "TestHttpResponse") -> None:
-            self.assert_in_success_response(
-                [
-                    f'<input type="hidden" name="realm_id" value="{lear_realm.id}"',
-                    "Lear &amp; Co.</h3>",
-                    '<option value="1" selected>Self-hosted</option>',
-                    '<option value="2" >Limited</option>',
-                    'input type="number" name="discount" value="None"',
-                    '<option value="active" selected>Active</option>',
-                    '<option value="deactivated" >Deactivated</option>',
-                    'scrub-realm-button">',
-                    'data-string-id="lear"',
-                    "<b>Name</b>: Zulip Cloud Standard",
-                    "<b>Status</b>: Active",
-                    "<b>Billing schedule</b>: Annual",
-                    "<b>Licenses</b>: 2/10 (Manual)",
-                    "<b>Price per license</b>: $80.0",
-                    "<b>Next invoice date</b>: 02 January 2017",
-                    '<option value="send_invoice" selected>',
-                    '<option value="charge_automatically" >',
-                ],
-                result,
-            )
-
-        def check_preregistration_user_query_result(
-            result: "TestHttpResponse", email: str, invite: bool = False
-        ) -> None:
-            self.assert_in_success_response(
-                [
-                    '<span class="label">preregistration user</span>\n',
-                    f"<b>Email</b>: {email}",
-                ],
-                result,
-            )
-            if invite:
-                self.assert_in_success_response(['<span class="label">invite</span>'], result)
-                self.assert_in_success_response(
-                    [
-                        "<b>Expires in</b>: 1\xa0week, 3\xa0days",
-                        "<b>Status</b>: Link has not been used",
-                    ],
-                    result,
-                )
-                self.assert_in_success_response([], result)
-            else:
-                self.assert_not_in_success_response(['<span class="label">invite</span>'], result)
-                self.assert_in_success_response(
-                    [
-                        "<b>Expires in</b>: 1\xa0day",
-                        "<b>Status</b>: Link has not been used",
-                    ],
-                    result,
-                )
-
-        def check_realm_creation_query_result(result: "TestHttpResponse", email: str) -> None:
-            self.assert_in_success_response(
-                [
-                    '<span class="label">preregistration user</span>\n',
-                    '<span class="label">realm creation</span>\n',
-                    "<b>Link</b>: http://testserver/accounts/do_confirm/",
-                    "<b>Expires in</b>: 1\xa0day",
-                ],
-                result,
-            )
-
-        def check_multiuse_invite_link_query_result(result: "TestHttpResponse") -> None:
-            self.assert_in_success_response(
-                [
-                    '<span class="label">multiuse invite</span>\n',
-                    "<b>Link</b>: http://zulip.testserver/join/",
-                    "<b>Expires in</b>: 1\xa0week, 3\xa0days",
-                ],
-                result,
-            )
-
-        def check_realm_reactivation_link_query_result(result: "TestHttpResponse") -> None:
-            self.assert_in_success_response(
-                [
-                    '<span class="label">realm reactivation</span>\n',
-                    "<b>Link</b>: http://zulip.testserver/reactivate/",
-                    "<b>Expires in</b>: 1\xa0day",
-                ],
-                result,
-            )
-
-        def get_check_query_result(
-            query: str, count: int, subdomain: str = "zulip"
-        ) -> "TestHttpResponse":
-            result = self.client_get("/activity/support", {"q": query}, subdomain=subdomain)
-            self.assertEqual(result.content.decode().count("support-query-result"), count)
-            return result
-
-        self.login("cordelia")
-
-        result = self.client_get("/activity/support")
-        self.assertEqual(result.status_code, 302)
-        self.assertEqual(result["Location"], "/login/")
-
-        self.login("iago")
-
-        do_change_user_setting(
-            self.example_user("hamlet"),
-            "email_address_visibility",
-            UserProfile.EMAIL_ADDRESS_VISIBILITY_NOBODY,
-            acting_user=None,
-        )
-
-        customer = Customer.objects.create(realm=lear_realm, stripe_customer_id="cus_123")
-        now = datetime(2016, 1, 2, tzinfo=timezone.utc)
-        plan = CustomerPlan.objects.create(
-            customer=customer,
-            billing_cycle_anchor=now,
-            billing_schedule=CustomerPlan.ANNUAL,
-            tier=CustomerPlan.STANDARD,
-            price_per_license=8000,
-            next_invoice_date=add_months(now, 12),
-        )
-        LicenseLedger.objects.create(
-            licenses=10,
-            licenses_at_next_renewal=10,
-            event_time=timezone_now(),
-            is_renewal=True,
-            plan=plan,
-        )
-
-        result = self.client_get("/activity/support")
-        self.assert_in_success_response(
-            ['<input type="text" name="q" class="input-xxlarge search-query"'], result
-        )
-
-        result = get_check_query_result(self.example_email("hamlet"), 1)
-        check_hamlet_user_query_result(result)
-        check_zulip_realm_query_result(result)
-
-        # Search should be case-insensitive:
-        assert self.example_email("hamlet") != self.example_email("hamlet").upper()
-        result = get_check_query_result(self.example_email("hamlet").upper(), 1)
-        check_hamlet_user_query_result(result)
-        check_zulip_realm_query_result(result)
-
-        result = get_check_query_result(lear_user.email, 1)
-        check_lear_user_query_result(result)
-        check_lear_realm_query_result(result)
-
-        result = get_check_query_result(self.example_email("polonius"), 1)
-        check_polonius_user_query_result(result)
-        check_zulip_realm_query_result(result)
-
-        result = get_check_query_result("lear", 1)
-        check_lear_realm_query_result(result)
-
-        result = get_check_query_result("http://lear.testserver", 1)
-        check_lear_realm_query_result(result)
-
-        with self.settings(REALM_HOSTS={"zulip": "localhost"}):
-            result = get_check_query_result("http://localhost", 1)
-            check_zulip_realm_query_result(result)
-
-        result = get_check_query_result("hamlet@zulip.com, lear", 2)
-        check_hamlet_user_query_result(result)
-        check_zulip_realm_query_result(result)
-        check_lear_realm_query_result(result)
-
-        result = get_check_query_result("King hamlet,lear", 2)
-        check_hamlet_user_query_result(result)
-        check_zulip_realm_query_result(result)
-        check_lear_realm_query_result(result)
-
-        result = get_check_query_result("Othello, the Moor of Venice", 1)
-        check_othello_user_query_result(result)
-        check_zulip_realm_query_result(result)
-
-        result = get_check_query_result("lear, Hamlet <hamlet@zulip.com>", 2)
-        check_hamlet_user_query_result(result)
-        check_zulip_realm_query_result(result)
-        check_lear_realm_query_result(result)
-
-        with mock.patch(
-            "analytics.views.support.timezone_now",
-            return_value=timezone_now() - timedelta(minutes=50),
-        ):
-            self.client_post("/accounts/home/", {"email": self.nonreg_email("test")})
-            self.login("iago")
-            result = get_check_query_result(self.nonreg_email("test"), 1)
-            check_preregistration_user_query_result(result, self.nonreg_email("test"))
-            check_zulip_realm_query_result(result)
-
-            create_invitation("Denmark", self.nonreg_email("test1"))
-            result = get_check_query_result(self.nonreg_email("test1"), 1)
-            check_preregistration_user_query_result(result, self.nonreg_email("test1"), invite=True)
-            check_zulip_realm_query_result(result)
-
-            email = self.nonreg_email("alice")
-            self.submit_realm_creation_form(
-                email, realm_subdomain="custom-test", realm_name="Zulip test"
-            )
-            result = get_check_query_result(email, 1)
-            check_realm_creation_query_result(result, email)
-
-            invite_expires_in_minutes = 10 * 24 * 60
-            do_create_multiuse_invite_link(
-                self.example_user("hamlet"),
-                invited_as=1,
-                invite_expires_in_minutes=invite_expires_in_minutes,
-            )
-            result = get_check_query_result("zulip", 2)
-            check_multiuse_invite_link_query_result(result)
-            check_zulip_realm_query_result(result)
-            MultiuseInvite.objects.all().delete()
-
-            do_send_realm_reactivation_email(get_realm("zulip"), acting_user=None)
-            result = get_check_query_result("zulip", 2)
-            check_realm_reactivation_link_query_result(result)
-            check_zulip_realm_query_result(result)
-
-            lear_nonreg_email = "newguy@lear.org"
-            self.client_post("/accounts/home/", {"email": lear_nonreg_email}, subdomain="lear")
-            result = get_check_query_result(lear_nonreg_email, 1)
-            check_preregistration_user_query_result(result, lear_nonreg_email)
-            check_lear_realm_query_result(result)
-
-            self.login_user(lear_user)
-            create_invitation("general", "newguy2@lear.org", lear_realm)
-            result = get_check_query_result("newguy2@lear.org", 1, lear_realm.string_id)
-            check_preregistration_user_query_result(result, "newguy2@lear.org", invite=True)
-            check_lear_realm_query_result(result)
-
-    def test_get_org_type_display_name(self) -> None:
-        self.assertEqual(get_org_type_display_name(Realm.ORG_TYPES["business"]["id"]), "Business")
-        self.assertEqual(get_org_type_display_name(883), "")
-
-    def test_unspecified_org_type_correctly_displayed(self) -> None:
-        """
-        Unspecified org type is special in that it is marked to not be shown
-        on the registration page (because organitions are not meant to be able to choose it),
-        but should be correctly shown at the /support/ endpoint.
-        """
-        realm = get_realm("zulip")
-
-        do_change_realm_org_type(realm, 0, acting_user=None)
-        self.assertEqual(realm.org_type, 0)
-
-        self.login("iago")
-
-        result = self.client_get("/activity/support", {"q": "zulip"}, subdomain="zulip")
-        self.assert_in_success_response(
-            [
-                f'<input type="hidden" name="realm_id" value="{realm.id}"',
-                '<option value="0" selected>',
-            ],
-            result,
-        )
-
-    @mock.patch("analytics.views.support.update_realm_billing_method")
-    def test_change_billing_method(self, m: mock.Mock) -> None:
-        cordelia = self.example_user("cordelia")
-        self.login_user(cordelia)
-
-        result = self.client_post(
-            "/activity/support", {"realm_id": f"{cordelia.realm_id}", "plan_type": "2"}
-        )
-        self.assertEqual(result.status_code, 302)
-        self.assertEqual(result["Location"], "/login/")
-
-        iago = self.example_user("iago")
-        self.login_user(iago)
-
-        result = self.client_post(
-            "/activity/support",
-            {"realm_id": f"{iago.realm_id}", "billing_method": "charge_automatically"},
-        )
-        m.assert_called_once_with(get_realm("zulip"), charge_automatically=True, acting_user=iago)
-        self.assert_in_success_response(
-            ["Billing method of zulip updated to charge automatically"], result
-        )
-
-        m.reset_mock()
-
-        result = self.client_post(
-            "/activity/support", {"realm_id": f"{iago.realm_id}", "billing_method": "send_invoice"}
-        )
-        m.assert_called_once_with(get_realm("zulip"), charge_automatically=False, acting_user=iago)
-        self.assert_in_success_response(
-            ["Billing method of zulip updated to pay by invoice"], result
-        )
-
-    def test_change_realm_plan_type(self) -> None:
-        cordelia = self.example_user("cordelia")
-        self.login_user(cordelia)
-
-        result = self.client_post(
-            "/activity/support", {"realm_id": f"{cordelia.realm_id}", "plan_type": "2"}
-        )
-        self.assertEqual(result.status_code, 302)
-        self.assertEqual(result["Location"], "/login/")
-
-        iago = self.example_user("iago")
-        self.login_user(iago)
-
-        with mock.patch("analytics.views.support.do_change_realm_plan_type") as m:
-            result = self.client_post(
-                "/activity/support", {"realm_id": f"{iago.realm_id}", "plan_type": "2"}
-            )
-            m.assert_called_once_with(get_realm("zulip"), 2, acting_user=iago)
-            self.assert_in_success_response(
-                ["Plan type of zulip changed from self-hosted to limited"], result
-            )
-
-        with mock.patch("analytics.views.support.do_change_realm_plan_type") as m:
-            result = self.client_post(
-                "/activity/support", {"realm_id": f"{iago.realm_id}", "plan_type": "10"}
-            )
-            m.assert_called_once_with(get_realm("zulip"), 10, acting_user=iago)
-            self.assert_in_success_response(
-                ["Plan type of zulip changed from self-hosted to plus"], result
-            )
-
-    def test_change_org_type(self) -> None:
-        cordelia = self.example_user("cordelia")
-        self.login_user(cordelia)
-
-        result = self.client_post(
-            "/activity/support", {"realm_id": f"{cordelia.realm_id}", "org_type": "70"}
-        )
-        self.assertEqual(result.status_code, 302)
-        self.assertEqual(result["Location"], "/login/")
-
-        iago = self.example_user("iago")
-        self.login_user(iago)
-
-        with mock.patch("analytics.views.support.do_change_realm_org_type") as m:
-            result = self.client_post(
-                "/activity/support", {"realm_id": f"{iago.realm_id}", "org_type": "70"}
-            )
-            m.assert_called_once_with(get_realm("zulip"), 70, acting_user=iago)
-            self.assert_in_success_response(
-                ["Org type of zulip changed from Business to Government"], result
-            )
-
-    def test_attach_discount(self) -> None:
-        cordelia = self.example_user("cordelia")
-        lear_realm = get_realm("lear")
-        self.login_user(cordelia)
-
-        result = self.client_post(
-            "/activity/support", {"realm_id": f"{lear_realm.id}", "discount": "25"}
-        )
-        self.assertEqual(result.status_code, 302)
-        self.assertEqual(result["Location"], "/login/")
-
-        iago = self.example_user("iago")
-        self.login("iago")
-
-        with mock.patch("analytics.views.support.attach_discount_to_realm") as m:
-            result = self.client_post(
-                "/activity/support", {"realm_id": f"{lear_realm.id}", "discount": "25"}
-            )
-            m.assert_called_once_with(get_realm("lear"), 25, acting_user=iago)
-            self.assert_in_success_response(["Discount of lear changed to 25% from 0%"], result)
-
-    def test_change_sponsorship_status(self) -> None:
-        lear_realm = get_realm("lear")
-        self.assertIsNone(get_customer_by_realm(lear_realm))
-
-        cordelia = self.example_user("cordelia")
-        self.login_user(cordelia)
-
-        result = self.client_post(
-            "/activity/support", {"realm_id": f"{lear_realm.id}", "sponsorship_pending": "true"}
-        )
-        self.assertEqual(result.status_code, 302)
-        self.assertEqual(result["Location"], "/login/")
-
-        iago = self.example_user("iago")
-        self.login_user(iago)
-
-        result = self.client_post(
-            "/activity/support", {"realm_id": f"{lear_realm.id}", "sponsorship_pending": "true"}
-        )
-        self.assert_in_success_response(["lear marked as pending sponsorship."], result)
-        customer = get_customer_by_realm(lear_realm)
-        assert customer is not None
-        self.assertTrue(customer.sponsorship_pending)
-
-        result = self.client_post(
-            "/activity/support", {"realm_id": f"{lear_realm.id}", "sponsorship_pending": "false"}
-        )
-        self.assert_in_success_response(["lear is no longer pending sponsorship."], result)
-        customer = get_customer_by_realm(lear_realm)
-        assert customer is not None
-        self.assertFalse(customer.sponsorship_pending)
-
-    def test_approve_sponsorship(self) -> None:
-        support_admin = self.example_user("iago")
-        lear_realm = get_realm("lear")
-        update_realm_sponsorship_status(lear_realm, True, acting_user=support_admin)
-        king_user = self.lear_user("king")
-        king_user.role = UserProfile.ROLE_REALM_OWNER
-        king_user.save()
-
-        cordelia = self.example_user("cordelia")
-        self.login_user(cordelia)
-
-        result = self.client_post(
-            "/activity/support",
-            {"realm_id": f"{lear_realm.id}", "approve_sponsorship": "true"},
-        )
-        self.assertEqual(result.status_code, 302)
-        self.assertEqual(result["Location"], "/login/")
-
-        iago = self.example_user("iago")
-        self.login_user(iago)
-
-        result = self.client_post(
-            "/activity/support",
-            {"realm_id": f"{lear_realm.id}", "approve_sponsorship": "true"},
-        )
-        self.assert_in_success_response(["Sponsorship approved for lear"], result)
-        lear_realm.refresh_from_db()
-        self.assertEqual(lear_realm.plan_type, Realm.PLAN_TYPE_STANDARD_FREE)
-        customer = get_customer_by_realm(lear_realm)
-        assert customer is not None
-        self.assertFalse(customer.sponsorship_pending)
-        messages = UserMessage.objects.filter(user_profile=king_user)
-        self.assertIn(
-            "request for sponsored hosting has been approved", messages[0].message.content
-        )
-        self.assert_length(messages, 1)
-
-    def test_activate_or_deactivate_realm(self) -> None:
-        cordelia = self.example_user("cordelia")
-        lear_realm = get_realm("lear")
-        self.login_user(cordelia)
-
-        result = self.client_post(
-            "/activity/support", {"realm_id": f"{lear_realm.id}", "status": "deactivated"}
-        )
-        self.assertEqual(result.status_code, 302)
-        self.assertEqual(result["Location"], "/login/")
-
-        self.login("iago")
-
-        with mock.patch("analytics.views.support.do_deactivate_realm") as m:
-            result = self.client_post(
-                "/activity/support", {"realm_id": f"{lear_realm.id}", "status": "deactivated"}
-            )
-            m.assert_called_once_with(lear_realm, acting_user=self.example_user("iago"))
-            self.assert_in_success_response(["lear deactivated"], result)
-
-        with mock.patch("analytics.views.support.do_send_realm_reactivation_email") as m:
-            result = self.client_post(
-                "/activity/support", {"realm_id": f"{lear_realm.id}", "status": "active"}
-            )
-            m.assert_called_once_with(lear_realm, acting_user=self.example_user("iago"))
-            self.assert_in_success_response(
-                ["Realm reactivation email sent to admins of lear"], result
-            )
-
-    def test_change_subdomain(self) -> None:
-        cordelia = self.example_user("cordelia")
-        lear_realm = get_realm("lear")
-        self.login_user(cordelia)
-
-        result = self.client_post(
-            "/activity/support", {"realm_id": f"{lear_realm.id}", "new_subdomain": "new_name"}
-        )
-        self.assertEqual(result.status_code, 302)
-        self.assertEqual(result["Location"], "/login/")
-        self.login("iago")
-
-        result = self.client_post(
-            "/activity/support", {"realm_id": f"{lear_realm.id}", "new_subdomain": "new-name"}
-        )
-        self.assertEqual(result.status_code, 302)
-        self.assertEqual(result["Location"], "/activity/support?q=new-name")
-        realm_id = lear_realm.id
-        lear_realm = get_realm("new-name")
-        self.assertEqual(lear_realm.id, realm_id)
-        self.assertTrue(Realm.objects.filter(string_id="lear").exists())
-        self.assertTrue(Realm.objects.filter(string_id="lear")[0].deactivated)
-
-        result = self.client_post(
-            "/activity/support", {"realm_id": f"{lear_realm.id}", "new_subdomain": "new-name"}
-        )
-        self.assert_in_success_response(
-            ["Subdomain already in use. Please choose a different one."], result
-        )
-
-        result = self.client_post(
-            "/activity/support", {"realm_id": f"{lear_realm.id}", "new_subdomain": "zulip"}
-        )
-        self.assert_in_success_response(
-            ["Subdomain already in use. Please choose a different one."], result
-        )
-
-        result = self.client_post(
-            "/activity/support", {"realm_id": f"{lear_realm.id}", "new_subdomain": "lear"}
-        )
-        self.assert_in_success_response(
-            ["Subdomain already in use. Please choose a different one."], result
-        )
-
-        # Test renaming to a "reserved" subdomain
-        result = self.client_post(
-            "/activity/support", {"realm_id": f"{lear_realm.id}", "new_subdomain": "your-org"}
-        )
-        self.assert_in_success_response(
-            ["Subdomain reserved. Please choose a different one."], result
-        )
-
-    def test_downgrade_realm(self) -> None:
-        cordelia = self.example_user("cordelia")
-        self.login_user(cordelia)
-        result = self.client_post(
-            "/activity/support", {"realm_id": f"{cordelia.realm_id}", "plan_type": "2"}
-        )
-        self.assertEqual(result.status_code, 302)
-        self.assertEqual(result["Location"], "/login/")
-
-        iago = self.example_user("iago")
-        self.login_user(iago)
-
-        with mock.patch("analytics.views.support.downgrade_at_the_end_of_billing_cycle") as m:
-            result = self.client_post(
-                "/activity/support",
-                {
-                    "realm_id": f"{iago.realm_id}",
-                    "modify_plan": "downgrade_at_billing_cycle_end",
-                },
-            )
-            m.assert_called_once_with(get_realm("zulip"))
-            self.assert_in_success_response(
-                ["zulip marked for downgrade at the end of billing cycle"], result
-            )
-
-        with mock.patch(
-            "analytics.views.support.downgrade_now_without_creating_additional_invoices"
-        ) as m:
-            result = self.client_post(
-                "/activity/support",
-                {
-                    "realm_id": f"{iago.realm_id}",
-                    "modify_plan": "downgrade_now_without_additional_licenses",
-                },
-            )
-            m.assert_called_once_with(get_realm("zulip"))
-            self.assert_in_success_response(
-                ["zulip downgraded without creating additional invoices"], result
-            )
-
-        with mock.patch(
-            "analytics.views.support.downgrade_now_without_creating_additional_invoices"
-        ) as m1:
-            with mock.patch("analytics.views.support.void_all_open_invoices", return_value=1) as m2:
-                result = self.client_post(
-                    "/activity/support",
-                    {
-                        "realm_id": f"{iago.realm_id}",
-                        "modify_plan": "downgrade_now_void_open_invoices",
-                    },
-                )
-                m1.assert_called_once_with(get_realm("zulip"))
-                m2.assert_called_once_with(get_realm("zulip"))
-                self.assert_in_success_response(
-                    ["zulip downgraded and voided 1 open invoices"], result
-                )
-
-        with mock.patch("analytics.views.support.switch_realm_from_standard_to_plus_plan") as m:
-            result = self.client_post(
-                "/activity/support",
-                {
-                    "realm_id": f"{iago.realm_id}",
-                    "modify_plan": "upgrade_to_plus",
-                },
-            )
-            m.assert_called_once_with(get_realm("zulip"))
-            self.assert_in_success_response(["zulip upgraded to Plus"], result)
-
-    def test_scrub_realm(self) -> None:
-        cordelia = self.example_user("cordelia")
-        lear_realm = get_realm("lear")
-        self.login_user(cordelia)
-
-        result = self.client_post(
-            "/activity/support", {"realm_id": f"{lear_realm.id}", "discount": "25"}
-        )
-        self.assertEqual(result.status_code, 302)
-        self.assertEqual(result["Location"], "/login/")
-
-        self.login("iago")
-
-        with mock.patch("analytics.views.support.do_scrub_realm") as m:
-            result = self.client_post(
-                "/activity/support", {"realm_id": f"{lear_realm.id}", "scrub_realm": "true"}
-            )
-            m.assert_called_once_with(lear_realm, acting_user=self.example_user("iago"))
-            self.assert_in_success_response(["lear scrubbed"], result)
-
-        with mock.patch("analytics.views.support.do_scrub_realm") as m:
-            result = self.client_post("/activity/support", {"realm_id": f"{lear_realm.id}"})
-            self.assert_json_error(result, "Invalid parameters")
-            m.assert_not_called()
-
-    def test_delete_user(self) -> None:
-        cordelia = self.example_user("cordelia")
-        hamlet = self.example_user("hamlet")
-        hamlet_email = hamlet.delivery_email
-        realm = get_realm("zulip")
-        self.login_user(cordelia)
-
-        result = self.client_post(
-            "/activity/support", {"realm_id": f"{realm.id}", "delete_user_by_id": hamlet.id}
-        )
-        self.assertEqual(result.status_code, 302)
-        self.assertEqual(result["Location"], "/login/")
-
-        self.login("iago")
-
-        with mock.patch("analytics.views.support.do_delete_user_preserving_messages") as m:
-            result = self.client_post(
-                "/activity/support",
-                {"realm_id": f"{realm.id}", "delete_user_by_id": hamlet.id},
-            )
-            m.assert_called_once_with(hamlet)
-            self.assert_in_success_response([f"{hamlet_email} in zulip deleted"], result)
--- a/analytics/tests/test_views.py
+++ b/analytics/tests/test_views.py
--- a/analytics/urls.py
+++ b/analytics/urls.py
@@ -1,41 +1,30 @@
-from typing import List, Union
-
 from django.conf.urls import include
 from django.urls import path
-from django.urls.resolvers import URLPattern, URLResolver

-from analytics.views.installation_activity import (
-    get_installation_activity,
-    get_integrations_activity,
-)
-from analytics.views.realm_activity import get_realm_activity
-from analytics.views.remote_activity import get_remote_server_activity
-from analytics.views.stats import (
+from analytics.views import (
+    get_activity,
    get_chart_data,
    get_chart_data_for_installation,
    get_chart_data_for_realm,
    get_chart_data_for_remote_installation,
    get_chart_data_for_remote_realm,
-    get_chart_data_for_stream,
+    get_realm_activity,
+    get_user_activity,
    stats,
    stats_for_installation,
    stats_for_realm,
    stats_for_remote_installation,
    stats_for_remote_realm,
+    support,
 )
-from analytics.views.support import remote_servers_support, support
-from analytics.views.user_activity import get_user_activity
 from zerver.lib.rest import rest_path

-i18n_urlpatterns: List[Union[URLPattern, URLResolver]] = [
+i18n_urlpatterns = [
    # Server admin (user_profile.is_staff) visible stats pages
-    path("activity", get_installation_activity),
-    path("activity/remote", get_remote_server_activity),
-    path("activity/integrations", get_integrations_activity),
+    path("activity", get_activity),
    path("activity/support", support, name="support"),
-    path("activity/remote/support", remote_servers_support, name="remote_servers_support"),
    path("realm_activity/<realm_str>/", get_realm_activity),
-    path("user_activity/<user_profile_id>/", get_user_activity),
+    path("user_activity/<email>/", get_user_activity),
    path("stats/realm/<realm_str>/", stats_for_realm),
    path("stats/installation", stats_for_installation),
    path("stats/remote/<int:remote_server_id>/installation", stats_for_remote_installation),
@@ -57,7 +46,6 @@ i18n_urlpatterns: List[Union[URLPattern, URLResolver]] = [
 v1_api_and_json_patterns = [
    # get data for the graphs at /stats
    rest_path("analytics/chart_data", GET=get_chart_data),
-    rest_path("analytics/chart_data/stream/<stream_id>", GET=get_chart_data_for_stream),
    rest_path("analytics/chart_data/realm/<realm_str>", GET=get_chart_data_for_realm),
    rest_path("analytics/chart_data/installation", GET=get_chart_data_for_installation),
    rest_path(
--- a/analytics/views.py
+++ b/analytics/views.py
--- a/analytics/views/activity_common.py
+++ b/analytics/views/activity_common.py
@@ -1,200 +0,0 @@
-import re
-import sys
-from datetime import datetime
-from typing import Any, Callable, Collection, Dict, List, Optional, Sequence, Union
-from urllib.parse import urlencode
-
-from django.conf import settings
-from django.db import connection
-from django.db.backends.utils import CursorWrapper
-from django.template import loader
-from django.urls import reverse
-from markupsafe import Markup
-from psycopg2.sql import Composable
-
-from zerver.lib.pysa import mark_sanitized
-from zerver.lib.url_encoding import append_url_query_string
-from zerver.models import Realm, UserActivity
-
-if sys.version_info < (3, 9):  # nocoverage
-    from backports import zoneinfo
-else:  # nocoverage
-    import zoneinfo
-
-eastern_tz = zoneinfo.ZoneInfo("America/New_York")
-
-
-if settings.BILLING_ENABLED:
-    pass
-
-
-def make_table(
-    title: str, cols: Sequence[str], rows: Sequence[Any], has_row_class: bool = False
-) -> str:
-    if not has_row_class:
-
-        def fix_row(row: Any) -> Dict[str, Any]:
-            return dict(cells=row, row_class=None)
-
-        rows = list(map(fix_row, rows))
-
-    data = dict(title=title, cols=cols, rows=rows)
-
-    content = loader.render_to_string(
-        "analytics/ad_hoc_query.html",
-        dict(data=data),
-    )
-
-    return content
-
-
-def get_page(
-    query: Composable, cols: Sequence[str], title: str, totals_columns: Sequence[int] = []
-) -> Dict[str, str]:
-    cursor = connection.cursor()
-    cursor.execute(query)
-    rows = cursor.fetchall()
-    rows = list(map(list, rows))
-    cursor.close()
-
-    def fix_rows(
-        i: int, fixup_func: Union[Callable[[str], Markup], Callable[[datetime], str]]
-    ) -> None:
-        for row in rows:
-            row[i] = fixup_func(row[i])
-
-    total_row = []
-    for i, col in enumerate(cols):
-        if col == "Realm":
-            fix_rows(i, realm_activity_link)
-        elif col in ["Last time", "Last visit"]:
-            fix_rows(i, format_date_for_activity_reports)
-        elif col == "Hostname":
-            for row in rows:
-                row[i] = remote_installation_stats_link(row[0], row[i])
-        if len(totals_columns) > 0:
-            if i == 0:
-                total_row.append("Total")
-            elif i in totals_columns:
-                total_row.append(str(sum(row[i] for row in rows if row[i] is not None)))
-            else:
-                total_row.append("")
-    if len(totals_columns) > 0:
-        rows.insert(0, total_row)
-
-    content = make_table(title, cols, rows)
-
-    return dict(
-        content=content,
-        title=title,
-    )
-
-
-def dictfetchall(cursor: CursorWrapper) -> List[Dict[str, Any]]:
-    """Returns all rows from a cursor as a dict"""
-    desc = cursor.description
-    return [dict(zip((col[0] for col in desc), row)) for row in cursor.fetchall()]
-
-
-def format_date_for_activity_reports(date: Optional[datetime]) -> str:
-    if date:
-        return date.astimezone(eastern_tz).strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M")
-    else:
-        return ""
-
-
-def user_activity_link(email: str, user_profile_id: int) -> Markup:
-    from analytics.views.user_activity import get_user_activity
-
-    url = reverse(get_user_activity, kwargs=dict(user_profile_id=user_profile_id))
-    return Markup('<a href="{url}">{email}</a>').format(url=url, email=email)
-
-
-def realm_activity_link(realm_str: str) -> Markup:
-    from analytics.views.realm_activity import get_realm_activity
-
-    url = reverse(get_realm_activity, kwargs=dict(realm_str=realm_str))
-    return Markup('<a href="{url}">{realm_str}</a>').format(url=url, realm_str=realm_str)
-
-
-def realm_stats_link(realm_str: str) -> Markup:
-    from analytics.views.stats import stats_for_realm
-
-    url = reverse(stats_for_realm, kwargs=dict(realm_str=realm_str))
-    return Markup('<a href="{url}"><i class="fa fa-pie-chart"></i></a>').format(url=url)
-
-
-def realm_support_link(realm_str: str) -> Markup:
-    support_url = reverse("support")
-    query = urlencode({"q": realm_str})
-    url = append_url_query_string(support_url, query)
-    return Markup('<a href="{url}">{realm_str}</a>').format(url=url, realm_str=realm_str)
-
-
-def realm_url_link(realm_str: str) -> Markup:
-    host = Realm.host_for_subdomain(realm_str)
-    url = settings.EXTERNAL_URI_SCHEME + mark_sanitized(host)
-    return Markup('<a href="{url}"><i class="fa fa-home"></i></a>').format(url=url)
-
-
-def remote_installation_stats_link(server_id: int, hostname: str) -> Markup:
-    from analytics.views.stats import stats_for_remote_installation
-
-    url = reverse(stats_for_remote_installation, kwargs=dict(remote_server_id=server_id))
-    return Markup('<a href="{url}"><i class="fa fa-pie-chart"></i></a> {hostname}').format(
-        url=url, hostname=hostname
-    )
-
-
-def get_user_activity_summary(records: Collection[UserActivity]) -> Dict[str, Any]:
-    #: The type annotation used above is clearly overly permissive.
-    #: We should perhaps use TypedDict to clearly lay out the schema
-    #: for the user activity summary.
-    summary: Dict[str, Any] = {}
-
-    def update(action: str, record: UserActivity) -> None:
-        if action not in summary:
-            summary[action] = dict(
-                count=record.count,
-                last_visit=record.last_visit,
-            )
-        else:
-            summary[action]["count"] += record.count
-            summary[action]["last_visit"] = max(
-                summary[action]["last_visit"],
-                record.last_visit,
-            )
-
-    if records:
-        first_record = next(iter(records))
-        summary["name"] = first_record.user_profile.full_name
-        summary["user_profile_id"] = first_record.user_profile.id
-
-    for record in records:
-        client = record.client.name
-        query = str(record.query)
-
-        update("use", record)
-
-        if client == "API":
-            m = re.match("/api/.*/external/(.*)", query)
-            if m:
-                client = m.group(1)
-                update(client, record)
-
-        if client.startswith("desktop"):
-            update("desktop", record)
-        if client == "website":
-            update("website", record)
-        if ("send_message" in query) or re.search("/api/.*/external/.*", query):
-            update("send", record)
-        if query in [
-            "/json/update_pointer",
-            "/json/users/me/pointer",
-            "/api/v1/update_pointer",
-            "update_pointer_backend",
-        ]:
-            update("pointer", record)
-        update(client, record)
-
-    return summary
--- a/analytics/views/installation_activity.py
+++ b/analytics/views/installation_activity.py
@@ -1,340 +0,0 @@
-from collections import defaultdict
-from typing import Dict, Optional
-
-from django.conf import settings
-from django.db import connection
-from django.http import HttpRequest, HttpResponse
-from django.shortcuts import render
-from django.template import loader
-from django.utils.timezone import now as timezone_now
-from markupsafe import Markup
-from psycopg2.sql import SQL
-
-from analytics.lib.counts import COUNT_STATS
-from analytics.views.activity_common import (
-    dictfetchall,
-    get_page,
-    realm_activity_link,
-    realm_stats_link,
-    realm_support_link,
-    realm_url_link,
-)
-from analytics.views.support import get_plan_name
-from zerver.decorator import require_server_admin
-from zerver.lib.request import has_request_variables
-from zerver.models import Realm, get_org_type_display_name
-
-if settings.BILLING_ENABLED:
-    from corporate.lib.analytics import (
-        estimate_annual_recurring_revenue_by_realm,
-        get_realms_with_default_discount_dict,
-    )
-
-
-def get_realm_day_counts() -> Dict[str, Dict[str, Markup]]:
-    # To align with UTC days, we subtract an hour from end_time to
-    # get the start_time, since the hour that starts at midnight was
-    # on the previous day.
-    query = SQL(
-        """
-        select
-            r.string_id,
-            (now()::date - (end_time - interval '1 hour')::date) age,
-            coalesce(sum(value), 0) cnt
-        from zerver_realm r
-        join analytics_realmcount rc on r.id = rc.realm_id
-        where
-            property = 'messages_sent:is_bot:hour'
-        and
-            subgroup = 'false'
-        and
-            end_time > now()::date - interval '8 day' - interval '1 hour'
-        group by
-            r.string_id,
-            age
-    """
-    )
-    cursor = connection.cursor()
-    cursor.execute(query)
-    rows = dictfetchall(cursor)
-    cursor.close()
-
-    counts: Dict[str, Dict[int, int]] = defaultdict(dict)
-    for row in rows:
-        counts[row["string_id"]][row["age"]] = row["cnt"]
-
-    def format_count(cnt: int, style: Optional[str] = None) -> Markup:
-        if style is not None:
-            good_bad = style
-        elif cnt == min_cnt:
-            good_bad = "bad"
-        elif cnt == max_cnt:
-            good_bad = "good"
-        else:
-            good_bad = "neutral"
-
-        return Markup('<td class="number {good_bad}">{cnt}</td>').format(good_bad=good_bad, cnt=cnt)
-
-    result = {}
-    for string_id in counts:
-        raw_cnts = [counts[string_id].get(age, 0) for age in range(8)]
-        min_cnt = min(raw_cnts[1:])
-        max_cnt = max(raw_cnts[1:])
-
-        cnts = format_count(raw_cnts[0], "neutral") + Markup().join(map(format_count, raw_cnts[1:]))
-        result[string_id] = dict(cnts=cnts)
-
-    return result
-
-
-def realm_summary_table() -> str:
-    now = timezone_now()
-
-    query = SQL(
-        """
-        SELECT
-            realm.string_id,
-            realm.date_created,
-            realm.plan_type,
-            realm.org_type,
-            coalesce(wau_table.value, 0) wau_count,
-            coalesce(dau_table.value, 0) dau_count,
-            coalesce(user_count_table.value, 0) user_profile_count,
-            coalesce(bot_count_table.value, 0) bot_count
-        FROM
-            zerver_realm as realm
-            LEFT OUTER JOIN (
-                SELECT
-                    value _14day_active_humans,
-                    realm_id
-                from
-                    analytics_realmcount
-                WHERE
-                    property = 'realm_active_humans::day'
-                    AND end_time = %(realm_active_humans_end_time)s
-            ) as _14day_active_humans_table ON realm.id = _14day_active_humans_table.realm_id
-            LEFT OUTER JOIN (
-                SELECT
-                    value,
-                    realm_id
-                from
-                    analytics_realmcount
-                WHERE
-                    property = '7day_actives::day'
-                    AND end_time = %(seven_day_actives_end_time)s
-            ) as wau_table ON realm.id = wau_table.realm_id
-            LEFT OUTER JOIN (
-                SELECT
-                    value,
-                    realm_id
-                from
-                    analytics_realmcount
-                WHERE
-                    property = '1day_actives::day'
-                    AND end_time = %(one_day_actives_end_time)s
-            ) as dau_table ON realm.id = dau_table.realm_id
-            LEFT OUTER JOIN (
-                SELECT
-                    value,
-                    realm_id
-                from
-                    analytics_realmcount
-                WHERE
-                    property = 'active_users_audit:is_bot:day'
-                    AND subgroup = 'false'
-                    AND end_time = %(active_users_audit_end_time)s
-            ) as user_count_table ON realm.id = user_count_table.realm_id
-            LEFT OUTER JOIN (
-                SELECT
-                    value,
-                    realm_id
-                from
-                    analytics_realmcount
-                WHERE
-                    property = 'active_users_audit:is_bot:day'
-                    AND subgroup = 'true'
-                    AND end_time = %(active_users_audit_end_time)s
-            ) as bot_count_table ON realm.id = bot_count_table.realm_id
-        WHERE
-            _14day_active_humans IS NOT NULL
-            or realm.plan_type = 3
-        ORDER BY
-            dau_count DESC,
-            string_id ASC
-    """
-    )
-
-    cursor = connection.cursor()
-    cursor.execute(
-        query,
-        {
-            "realm_active_humans_end_time": COUNT_STATS[
-                "realm_active_humans::day"
-            ].last_successful_fill(),
-            "seven_day_actives_end_time": COUNT_STATS["7day_actives::day"].last_successful_fill(),
-            "one_day_actives_end_time": COUNT_STATS["1day_actives::day"].last_successful_fill(),
-            "active_users_audit_end_time": COUNT_STATS[
-                "active_users_audit:is_bot:day"
-            ].last_successful_fill(),
-        },
-    )
-    rows = dictfetchall(cursor)
-    cursor.close()
-
-    for row in rows:
-        row["date_created_day"] = row["date_created"].strftime("%Y-%m-%d")
-        row["age_days"] = int((now - row["date_created"]).total_seconds() / 86400)
-        row["is_new"] = row["age_days"] < 12 * 7
-
-    # get messages sent per day
-    counts = get_realm_day_counts()
-    for row in rows:
-        try:
-            row["history"] = counts[row["string_id"]]["cnts"]
-        except Exception:
-            row["history"] = ""
-
-    # estimate annual subscription revenue
-    total_arr = 0
-    if settings.BILLING_ENABLED:
-        estimated_arrs = estimate_annual_recurring_revenue_by_realm()
-        realms_with_default_discount = get_realms_with_default_discount_dict()
-
-        for row in rows:
-            row["plan_type_string"] = get_plan_name(row["plan_type"])
-
-            string_id = row["string_id"]
-
-            if string_id in estimated_arrs:
-                row["arr"] = estimated_arrs[string_id]
-
-            if row["plan_type"] in [Realm.PLAN_TYPE_STANDARD, Realm.PLAN_TYPE_PLUS]:
-                row["effective_rate"] = 100 - int(realms_with_default_discount.get(string_id, 0))
-            elif row["plan_type"] == Realm.PLAN_TYPE_STANDARD_FREE:
-                row["effective_rate"] = 0
-            elif (
-                row["plan_type"] == Realm.PLAN_TYPE_LIMITED
-                and string_id in realms_with_default_discount
-            ):
-                row["effective_rate"] = 100 - int(realms_with_default_discount[string_id])
-            else:
-                row["effective_rate"] = ""
-
-        total_arr += sum(estimated_arrs.values())
-
-    for row in rows:
-        row["org_type_string"] = get_org_type_display_name(row["org_type"])
-
-    # formatting
-    for row in rows:
-        row["realm_url"] = realm_url_link(row["string_id"])
-        row["stats_link"] = realm_stats_link(row["string_id"])
-        row["support_link"] = realm_support_link(row["string_id"])
-        row["string_id"] = realm_activity_link(row["string_id"])
-
-    # Count active sites
-    num_active_sites = sum(row["dau_count"] >= 5 for row in rows)
-
-    # create totals
-    total_dau_count = 0
-    total_user_profile_count = 0
-    total_bot_count = 0
-    total_wau_count = 0
-    for row in rows:
-        total_dau_count += int(row["dau_count"])
-        total_user_profile_count += int(row["user_profile_count"])
-        total_bot_count += int(row["bot_count"])
-        total_wau_count += int(row["wau_count"])
-
-    total_row = dict(
-        string_id="Total",
-        plan_type_string="",
-        org_type_string="",
-        effective_rate="",
-        arr=total_arr,
-        realm_url="",
-        stats_link="",
-        support_link="",
-        date_created_day="",
-        dau_count=total_dau_count,
-        user_profile_count=total_user_profile_count,
-        bot_count=total_bot_count,
-        wau_count=total_wau_count,
-    )
-
-    rows.insert(0, total_row)
-
-    content = loader.render_to_string(
-        "analytics/realm_summary_table.html",
-        dict(
-            rows=rows,
-            num_active_sites=num_active_sites,
-            utctime=now.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M %Z"),
-            billing_enabled=settings.BILLING_ENABLED,
-        ),
-    )
-    return content
-
-
-@require_server_admin
-@has_request_variables
-def get_installation_activity(request: HttpRequest) -> HttpResponse:
-    content: str = realm_summary_table()
-    title = "Installation activity"
-
-    return render(
-        request,
-        "analytics/activity_details_template.html",
-        context=dict(data=content, title=title, is_home=True),
-    )
-
-
-@require_server_admin
-def get_integrations_activity(request: HttpRequest) -> HttpResponse:
-    title = "Integrations by client"
-
-    query = SQL(
-        """
-        select
-            case
-                when query like '%%external%%' then split_part(query, '/', 5)
-                else client.name
-            end client_name,
-            realm.string_id,
-            sum(count) as hits,
-            max(last_visit) as last_time
-        from zerver_useractivity ua
-        join zerver_client client on client.id = ua.client_id
-        join zerver_userprofile up on up.id = ua.user_profile_id
-        join zerver_realm realm on realm.id = up.realm_id
-        where
-            (query in ('send_message_backend', '/api/v1/send_message')
-            and client.name not in ('Android', 'ZulipiOS')
-            and client.name not like 'test: Zulip%%'
-            )
-        or
-            query like '%%external%%'
-        group by client_name, string_id
-        having max(last_visit) > now() - interval '2 week'
-        order by client_name, string_id
-    """
-    )
-
-    cols = [
-        "Client",
-        "Realm",
-        "Hits",
-        "Last time",
-    ]
-
-    integrations_activity = get_page(query, cols, title)
-
-    return render(
-        request,
-        "analytics/activity_details_template.html",
-        context=dict(
-            data=integrations_activity["content"],
-            title=integrations_activity["title"],
-            is_home=False,
-        ),
-    )
--- a/analytics/views/realm_activity.py
+++ b/analytics/views/realm_activity.py
@@ -1,245 +0,0 @@
-import itertools
-from datetime import datetime
-from typing import Any, Dict, List, Optional, Set, Tuple
-
-from django.db import connection
-from django.db.models import QuerySet
-from django.http import HttpRequest, HttpResponse, HttpResponseNotFound
-from django.shortcuts import render
-from django.utils.timezone import now as timezone_now
-from psycopg2.sql import SQL
-
-from analytics.views.activity_common import (
-    format_date_for_activity_reports,
-    get_user_activity_summary,
-    make_table,
-    realm_stats_link,
-    user_activity_link,
-)
-from zerver.decorator import require_server_admin
-from zerver.models import Realm, UserActivity
-
-
-def get_user_activity_records_for_realm(realm: str, is_bot: bool) -> QuerySet[UserActivity]:
-    fields = [
-        "user_profile__full_name",
-        "user_profile__delivery_email",
-        "query",
-        "client__name",
-        "count",
-        "last_visit",
-    ]
-
-    records = UserActivity.objects.filter(
-        user_profile__realm__string_id=realm,
-        user_profile__is_active=True,
-        user_profile__is_bot=is_bot,
-    )
-    records = records.order_by("user_profile__delivery_email", "-last_visit")
-    records = records.select_related("user_profile", "client").only(*fields)
-    return records
-
-
-def realm_user_summary_table(
-    all_records: QuerySet[UserActivity], admin_emails: Set[str]
-) -> Tuple[Dict[str, Any], str]:
-    user_records = {}
-
-    def by_email(record: UserActivity) -> str:
-        return record.user_profile.delivery_email
-
-    for email, records in itertools.groupby(all_records, by_email):
-        user_records[email] = get_user_activity_summary(list(records))
-
-    def get_last_visit(user_summary: Dict[str, Dict[str, datetime]], k: str) -> Optional[datetime]:
-        if k in user_summary:
-            return user_summary[k]["last_visit"]
-        else:
-            return None
-
-    def get_count(user_summary: Dict[str, Dict[str, str]], k: str) -> str:
-        if k in user_summary:
-            return user_summary[k]["count"]
-        else:
-            return ""
-
-    def is_recent(val: datetime) -> bool:
-        age = timezone_now() - val
-        return age.total_seconds() < 5 * 60
-
-    rows = []
-    for email, user_summary in user_records.items():
-        email_link = user_activity_link(email, user_summary["user_profile_id"])
-        sent_count = get_count(user_summary, "send")
-        cells = [user_summary["name"], email_link, sent_count]
-        row_class = ""
-        for field in ["use", "send", "pointer", "desktop", "ZulipiOS", "Android"]:
-            visit = get_last_visit(user_summary, field)
-            if field == "use":
-                if visit and is_recent(visit):
-                    row_class += " recently_active"
-                if email in admin_emails:
-                    row_class += " admin"
-            val = format_date_for_activity_reports(visit)
-            cells.append(val)
-        row = dict(cells=cells, row_class=row_class)
-        rows.append(row)
-
-    def by_used_time(row: Dict[str, Any]) -> str:
-        return row["cells"][3]
-
-    rows = sorted(rows, key=by_used_time, reverse=True)
-
-    cols = [
-        "Name",
-        "Email",
-        "Total sent",
-        "Heard from",
-        "Message sent",
-        "Pointer motion",
-        "Desktop",
-        "ZulipiOS",
-        "Android",
-    ]
-
-    title = "Summary"
-
-    content = make_table(title, cols, rows, has_row_class=True)
-    return user_records, content
-
-
-def realm_client_table(user_summaries: Dict[str, Dict[str, Any]]) -> str:
-    exclude_keys = [
-        "internal",
-        "name",
-        "user_profile_id",
-        "use",
-        "send",
-        "pointer",
-        "website",
-        "desktop",
-    ]
-
-    rows = []
-    for email, user_summary in user_summaries.items():
-        email_link = user_activity_link(email, user_summary["user_profile_id"])
-        name = user_summary["name"]
-        for k, v in user_summary.items():
-            if k in exclude_keys:
-                continue
-            client = k
-            count = v["count"]
-            last_visit = v["last_visit"]
-            row = [
-                format_date_for_activity_reports(last_visit),
-                client,
-                name,
-                email_link,
-                count,
-            ]
-            rows.append(row)
-
-    rows = sorted(rows, key=lambda r: r[0], reverse=True)
-
-    cols = [
-        "Last visit",
-        "Client",
-        "Name",
-        "Email",
-        "Count",
-    ]
-
-    title = "Clients"
-
-    return make_table(title, cols, rows)
-
-
-def sent_messages_report(realm: str) -> str:
-    title = "Recently sent messages for " + realm
-
-    cols = [
-        "Date",
-        "Humans",
-        "Bots",
-    ]
-
-    # Uses index: zerver_message_realm_date_sent
-    query = SQL(
-        """
-        select
-            series.day::date,
-            user_messages.humans,
-            user_messages.bots
-        from (
-            select generate_series(
-                (now()::date - interval '2 week'),
-                now()::date,
-                interval '1 day'
-            ) as day
-        ) as series
-        left join (
-            select
-                date_sent::date date_sent,
-                count(*) filter (where not up.is_bot) as humans,
-                count(*) filter (where up.is_bot) as bots
-            from zerver_message m
-            join zerver_userprofile up on up.id = m.sender_id
-            join zerver_realm r on r.id = up.realm_id
-            where
-                r.string_id = %s
-            and
-                date_sent > now() - interval '2 week'
-            and
-                m.realm_id = r.id
-            group by
-                date_sent::date
-            order by
-                date_sent::date
-        ) user_messages on
-            series.day = user_messages.date_sent
-    """
-    )
-    cursor = connection.cursor()
-    cursor.execute(query, [realm])
-    rows = cursor.fetchall()
-    cursor.close()
-
-    return make_table(title, cols, rows)
-
-
-@require_server_admin
-def get_realm_activity(request: HttpRequest, realm_str: str) -> HttpResponse:
-    data: List[Tuple[str, str]] = []
-    all_user_records: Dict[str, Any] = {}
-
-    try:
-        admins = Realm.objects.get(string_id=realm_str).get_human_admin_users()
-    except Realm.DoesNotExist:
-        return HttpResponseNotFound()
-
-    admin_emails = {admin.delivery_email for admin in admins}
-
-    for is_bot, page_title in [(False, "Humans"), (True, "Bots")]:
-        all_records = get_user_activity_records_for_realm(realm_str, is_bot)
-
-        user_records, content = realm_user_summary_table(all_records, admin_emails)
-        all_user_records.update(user_records)
-
-        data += [(page_title, content)]
-
-    page_title = "Clients"
-    content = realm_client_table(all_user_records)
-    data += [(page_title, content)]
-
-    page_title = "History"
-    content = sent_messages_report(realm_str)
-    data += [(page_title, content)]
-
-    title = realm_str
-    realm_stats = realm_stats_link(realm_str)
-
-    return render(
-        request,
-        "analytics/activity.html",
-        context=dict(data=data, realm_stats_link=realm_stats, title=title),
-    )
--- a/analytics/views/remote_activity.py
+++ b/analytics/views/remote_activity.py
@@ -1,59 +0,0 @@
-from django.http import HttpRequest, HttpResponse
-from django.shortcuts import render
-from psycopg2.sql import SQL
-
-from analytics.views.activity_common import get_page
-from zerver.decorator import require_server_admin
-
-
-@require_server_admin
-def get_remote_server_activity(request: HttpRequest) -> HttpResponse:
-    title = "Remote servers"
-
-    query = SQL(
-        """
-        with icount as (
-            select
-                server_id,
-                max(value) as max_value,
-                max(end_time) as max_end_time
-            from zilencer_remoteinstallationcount
-            where
-                property='active_users:is_bot:day'
-                and subgroup='false'
-            group by server_id
-            ),
-        remote_push_devices as (
-            select server_id, count(distinct(user_id)) as push_user_count from zilencer_remotepushdevicetoken
-            group by server_id
-        )
-        select
-            rserver.id,
-            rserver.hostname,
-            rserver.contact_email,
-            max_value,
-            push_user_count,
-            max_end_time
-        from zilencer_remotezulipserver rserver
-        left join icount on icount.server_id = rserver.id
-        left join remote_push_devices on remote_push_devices.server_id = rserver.id
-        order by max_value DESC NULLS LAST, push_user_count DESC NULLS LAST
-    """
-    )
-
-    cols = [
-        "ID",
-        "Hostname",
-        "Contact email",
-        "Analytics users",
-        "Mobile users",
-        "Last update time",
-    ]
-
-    remote_servers = get_page(query, cols, title, totals_columns=[3, 4])
-
-    return render(
-        request,
-        "analytics/activity_details_template.html",
-        context=dict(data=remote_servers["content"], title=remote_servers["title"], is_home=False),
-    )
--- a/analytics/views/stats.py
+++ b/analytics/views/stats.py
@@ -1,578 +0,0 @@
-import logging
-from collections import defaultdict
-from datetime import datetime, timedelta, timezone
-from typing import Any, Dict, List, Optional, Tuple, Type, TypeVar, Union, cast
-
-from django.conf import settings
-from django.db.models import QuerySet
-from django.http import HttpRequest, HttpResponse, HttpResponseNotFound
-from django.shortcuts import render
-from django.utils import translation
-from django.utils.timezone import now as timezone_now
-from django.utils.translation import gettext as _
-from typing_extensions import TypeAlias
-
-from analytics.lib.counts import COUNT_STATS, CountStat
-from analytics.lib.time_utils import time_range
-from analytics.models import (
-    BaseCount,
-    InstallationCount,
-    RealmCount,
-    StreamCount,
-    UserCount,
-    installation_epoch,
-)
-from zerver.decorator import (
-    require_non_guest_user,
-    require_server_admin,
-    require_server_admin_api,
-    to_utc_datetime,
-    zulip_login_required,
-)
-from zerver.lib.exceptions import JsonableError
-from zerver.lib.i18n import get_and_set_request_language, get_language_translation_data
-from zerver.lib.request import REQ, has_request_variables
-from zerver.lib.response import json_success
-from zerver.lib.streams import access_stream_by_id
-from zerver.lib.timestamp import convert_to_UTC
-from zerver.lib.validator import to_non_negative_int
-from zerver.models import Client, Realm, Stream, UserProfile, get_realm
-
-if settings.ZILENCER_ENABLED:
-    from zilencer.models import RemoteInstallationCount, RemoteRealmCount, RemoteZulipServer
-
-MAX_TIME_FOR_FULL_ANALYTICS_GENERATION = timedelta(days=1, minutes=30)
-
-
-def is_analytics_ready(realm: Realm) -> bool:
-    return (timezone_now() - realm.date_created) > MAX_TIME_FOR_FULL_ANALYTICS_GENERATION
-
-
-def render_stats(
-    request: HttpRequest,
-    data_url_suffix: str,
-    realm: Optional[Realm],
-    *,
-    title: Optional[str] = None,
-    for_installation: bool = False,
-    remote: bool = False,
-    analytics_ready: bool = True,
-) -> HttpResponse:
-    assert request.user.is_authenticated
-
-    if realm is not None:
-        # Same query to get guest user count as in get_seat_count in corporate/lib/stripe.py.
-        guest_users = UserProfile.objects.filter(
-            realm=realm, is_active=True, is_bot=False, role=UserProfile.ROLE_GUEST
-        ).count()
-        space_used = realm.currently_used_upload_space_bytes()
-        if title:
-            pass
-        else:
-            title = realm.name or realm.string_id
-    else:
-        assert title
-        guest_users = None
-        space_used = None
-
-    page_params = dict(
-        data_url_suffix=data_url_suffix,
-        for_installation=for_installation,
-        remote=remote,
-        upload_space_used=space_used,
-        guest_users=guest_users,
-    )
-
-    request_language = get_and_set_request_language(
-        request,
-        request.user.default_language,
-        translation.get_language_from_path(request.path_info),
-    )
-
-    page_params["translation_data"] = get_language_translation_data(request_language)
-
-    return render(
-        request,
-        "analytics/stats.html",
-        context=dict(
-            target_name=title,
-            page_params=page_params,
-            analytics_ready=analytics_ready,
-        ),
-    )
-
-
-@zulip_login_required
-def stats(request: HttpRequest) -> HttpResponse:
-    assert request.user.is_authenticated
-    realm = request.user.realm
-    if request.user.is_guest:
-        # TODO: Make @zulip_login_required pass the UserProfile so we
-        # can use @require_member_or_admin
-        raise JsonableError(_("Not allowed for guest users"))
-    return render_stats(request, "", realm, analytics_ready=is_analytics_ready(realm))
-
-
-@require_server_admin
-@has_request_variables
-def stats_for_realm(request: HttpRequest, realm_str: str) -> HttpResponse:
-    try:
-        realm = get_realm(realm_str)
-    except Realm.DoesNotExist:
-        return HttpResponseNotFound()
-
-    return render_stats(
-        request,
-        f"/realm/{realm_str}",
-        realm,
-        analytics_ready=is_analytics_ready(realm),
-    )
-
-
-@require_server_admin
-@has_request_variables
-def stats_for_remote_realm(
-    request: HttpRequest, remote_server_id: int, remote_realm_id: int
-) -> HttpResponse:
-    assert settings.ZILENCER_ENABLED
-    server = RemoteZulipServer.objects.get(id=remote_server_id)
-    return render_stats(
-        request,
-        f"/remote/{server.id}/realm/{remote_realm_id}",
-        None,
-        title=f"Realm {remote_realm_id} on server {server.hostname}",
-    )
-
-
-@require_server_admin_api
-@has_request_variables
-def get_chart_data_for_realm(
-    request: HttpRequest, /, user_profile: UserProfile, realm_str: str, **kwargs: Any
-) -> HttpResponse:
-    try:
-        realm = get_realm(realm_str)
-    except Realm.DoesNotExist:
-        raise JsonableError(_("Invalid organization"))
-
-    return get_chart_data(request, user_profile, realm=realm, **kwargs)
-
-
-@require_non_guest_user
-@has_request_variables
-def get_chart_data_for_stream(
-    request: HttpRequest, /, user_profile: UserProfile, stream_id: int
-) -> HttpResponse:
-    stream, ignored_sub = access_stream_by_id(
-        user_profile,
-        stream_id,
-        require_active=True,
-        allow_realm_admin=True,
-    )
-
-    return get_chart_data(request, user_profile, stream=stream)
-
-
-@require_server_admin_api
-@has_request_variables
-def get_chart_data_for_remote_realm(
-    request: HttpRequest,
-    /,
-    user_profile: UserProfile,
-    remote_server_id: int,
-    remote_realm_id: int,
-    **kwargs: Any,
-) -> HttpResponse:
-    assert settings.ZILENCER_ENABLED
-    server = RemoteZulipServer.objects.get(id=remote_server_id)
-    return get_chart_data(
-        request,
-        user_profile,
-        server=server,
-        remote=True,
-        remote_realm_id=int(remote_realm_id),
-        **kwargs,
-    )
-
-
-@require_server_admin
-def stats_for_installation(request: HttpRequest) -> HttpResponse:
-    assert request.user.is_authenticated
-    return render_stats(request, "/installation", None, title="installation", for_installation=True)
-
-
-@require_server_admin
-def stats_for_remote_installation(request: HttpRequest, remote_server_id: int) -> HttpResponse:
-    assert settings.ZILENCER_ENABLED
-    server = RemoteZulipServer.objects.get(id=remote_server_id)
-    return render_stats(
-        request,
-        f"/remote/{server.id}/installation",
-        None,
-        title=f"remote installation {server.hostname}",
-        for_installation=True,
-        remote=True,
-    )
-
-
-@require_server_admin_api
-@has_request_variables
-def get_chart_data_for_installation(
-    request: HttpRequest, /, user_profile: UserProfile, chart_name: str = REQ(), **kwargs: Any
-) -> HttpResponse:
-    return get_chart_data(request, user_profile, for_installation=True, **kwargs)
-
-
-@require_server_admin_api
-@has_request_variables
-def get_chart_data_for_remote_installation(
-    request: HttpRequest,
-    /,
-    user_profile: UserProfile,
-    remote_server_id: int,
-    chart_name: str = REQ(),
-    **kwargs: Any,
-) -> HttpResponse:
-    assert settings.ZILENCER_ENABLED
-    server = RemoteZulipServer.objects.get(id=remote_server_id)
-    return get_chart_data(
-        request,
-        user_profile,
-        for_installation=True,
-        remote=True,
-        server=server,
-        **kwargs,
-    )
-
-
-@require_non_guest_user
-@has_request_variables
-def get_chart_data(
-    request: HttpRequest,
-    user_profile: UserProfile,
-    chart_name: str = REQ(),
-    min_length: Optional[int] = REQ(converter=to_non_negative_int, default=None),
-    start: Optional[datetime] = REQ(converter=to_utc_datetime, default=None),
-    end: Optional[datetime] = REQ(converter=to_utc_datetime, default=None),
-    # These last several parameters are only used by functions
-    # wrapping get_chart_data; the callers are responsible for
-    # parsing/validation/authorization for them.
-    realm: Optional[Realm] = None,
-    for_installation: bool = False,
-    remote: bool = False,
-    remote_realm_id: Optional[int] = None,
-    server: Optional["RemoteZulipServer"] = None,
-    stream: Optional[Stream] = None,
-) -> HttpResponse:
-    TableType: TypeAlias = Union[
-        Type["RemoteInstallationCount"],
-        Type[InstallationCount],
-        Type["RemoteRealmCount"],
-        Type[RealmCount],
-    ]
-    if for_installation:
-        if remote:
-            assert settings.ZILENCER_ENABLED
-            aggregate_table: TableType = RemoteInstallationCount
-            assert server is not None
-        else:
-            aggregate_table = InstallationCount
-    else:
-        if remote:
-            assert settings.ZILENCER_ENABLED
-            aggregate_table = RemoteRealmCount
-            assert server is not None
-            assert remote_realm_id is not None
-        else:
-            aggregate_table = RealmCount
-
-    tables: Union[
-        Tuple[TableType], Tuple[TableType, Type[UserCount]], Tuple[TableType, Type[StreamCount]]
-    ]
-
-    if chart_name == "number_of_humans":
-        stats = [
-            COUNT_STATS["1day_actives::day"],
-            COUNT_STATS["realm_active_humans::day"],
-            COUNT_STATS["active_users_audit:is_bot:day"],
-        ]
-        tables = (aggregate_table,)
-        subgroup_to_label: Dict[CountStat, Dict[Optional[str], str]] = {
-            stats[0]: {None: "_1day"},
-            stats[1]: {None: "_15day"},
-            stats[2]: {"false": "all_time"},
-        }
-        labels_sort_function = None
-        include_empty_subgroups = True
-    elif chart_name == "messages_sent_over_time":
-        stats = [COUNT_STATS["messages_sent:is_bot:hour"]]
-        tables = (aggregate_table, UserCount)
-        subgroup_to_label = {stats[0]: {"false": "human", "true": "bot"}}
-        labels_sort_function = None
-        include_empty_subgroups = True
-    elif chart_name == "messages_sent_by_message_type":
-        stats = [COUNT_STATS["messages_sent:message_type:day"]]
-        tables = (aggregate_table, UserCount)
-        subgroup_to_label = {
-            stats[0]: {
-                "public_stream": _("Public streams"),
-                "private_stream": _("Private streams"),
-                "private_message": _("Direct messages"),
-                "huddle_message": _("Group direct messages"),
-            }
-        }
-        labels_sort_function = lambda data: sort_by_totals(data["everyone"])
-        include_empty_subgroups = True
-    elif chart_name == "messages_sent_by_client":
-        stats = [COUNT_STATS["messages_sent:client:day"]]
-        tables = (aggregate_table, UserCount)
-        # Note that the labels are further re-written by client_label_map
-        subgroup_to_label = {
-            stats[0]: {str(id): name for id, name in Client.objects.values_list("id", "name")}
-        }
-        labels_sort_function = sort_client_labels
-        include_empty_subgroups = False
-    elif chart_name == "messages_read_over_time":
-        stats = [COUNT_STATS["messages_read::hour"]]
-        tables = (aggregate_table, UserCount)
-        subgroup_to_label = {stats[0]: {None: "read"}}
-        labels_sort_function = None
-        include_empty_subgroups = True
-    elif chart_name == "messages_sent_by_stream":
-        if stream is None:
-            raise JsonableError(
-                _("Missing stream for chart: {chart_name}").format(chart_name=chart_name)
-            )
-        stats = [COUNT_STATS["messages_in_stream:is_bot:day"]]
-        tables = (aggregate_table, StreamCount)
-        subgroup_to_label = {stats[0]: {"false": "human", "true": "bot"}}
-        labels_sort_function = None
-        include_empty_subgroups = True
-    else:
-        raise JsonableError(_("Unknown chart name: {chart_name}").format(chart_name=chart_name))
-
-    # Most likely someone using our API endpoint. The /stats page does not
-    # pass a start or end in its requests.
-    if start is not None:
-        start = convert_to_UTC(start)
-    if end is not None:
-        end = convert_to_UTC(end)
-    if start is not None and end is not None and start > end:
-        raise JsonableError(
-            _("Start time is later than end time. Start: {start}, End: {end}").format(
-                start=start,
-                end=end,
-            )
-        )
-
-    if realm is None:
-        # Note that this value is invalid for Remote tables; be
-        # careful not to access it in those code paths.
-        realm = user_profile.realm
-
-    if remote:
-        # For remote servers, we don't have fillstate data, and thus
-        # should simply use the first and last data points for the
-        # table.
-        assert server is not None
-        assert aggregate_table is RemoteInstallationCount or aggregate_table is RemoteRealmCount
-        aggregate_table_remote = cast(
-            Union[Type[RemoteInstallationCount], Type[RemoteRealmCount]], aggregate_table
-        )  # https://stackoverflow.com/questions/68540528/mypy-assertions-on-the-types-of-types
-        if not aggregate_table_remote.objects.filter(server=server).exists():
-            raise JsonableError(
-                _("No analytics data available. Please contact your server administrator.")
-            )
-        if start is None:
-            first = aggregate_table_remote.objects.filter(server=server).first()
-            assert first is not None
-            start = first.end_time
-        if end is None:
-            last = aggregate_table_remote.objects.filter(server=server).last()
-            assert last is not None
-            end = last.end_time
-    else:
-        # Otherwise, we can use tables on the current server to
-        # determine a nice range, and some additional validation.
-        if start is None:
-            if for_installation:
-                start = installation_epoch()
-            else:
-                start = realm.date_created
-        if end is None:
-            end = max(
-                stat.last_successful_fill() or datetime.min.replace(tzinfo=timezone.utc)
-                for stat in stats
-            )
-
-        if start > end and (timezone_now() - start > MAX_TIME_FOR_FULL_ANALYTICS_GENERATION):
-            logging.warning(
-                "User from realm %s attempted to access /stats, but the computed "
-                "start time: %s (creation of realm or installation) is later than the computed "
-                "end time: %s (last successful analytics update). Is the "
-                "analytics cron job running?",
-                realm.string_id,
-                start,
-                end,
-            )
-            raise JsonableError(
-                _("No analytics data available. Please contact your server administrator.")
-            )
-
-    assert len({stat.frequency for stat in stats}) == 1
-    end_times = time_range(start, end, stats[0].frequency, min_length)
-    data: Dict[str, Any] = {
-        "end_times": [int(end_time.timestamp()) for end_time in end_times],
-        "frequency": stats[0].frequency,
-    }
-
-    aggregation_level = {
-        InstallationCount: "everyone",
-        RealmCount: "everyone",
-        UserCount: "user",
-        StreamCount: "everyone",
-    }
-    if settings.ZILENCER_ENABLED:
-        aggregation_level[RemoteInstallationCount] = "everyone"
-        aggregation_level[RemoteRealmCount] = "everyone"
-
-    # -1 is a placeholder value, since there is no relevant filtering on InstallationCount
-    id_value = {
-        InstallationCount: -1,
-        RealmCount: realm.id,
-        UserCount: user_profile.id,
-    }
-    if stream is not None:
-        id_value[StreamCount] = stream.id
-
-    if settings.ZILENCER_ENABLED:
-        if server is not None:
-            id_value[RemoteInstallationCount] = server.id
-        # TODO: RemoteRealmCount logic doesn't correctly handle
-        # filtering by server_id as well.
-        if remote_realm_id is not None:
-            id_value[RemoteRealmCount] = remote_realm_id
-
-    for table in tables:
-        data[aggregation_level[table]] = {}
-        for stat in stats:
-            data[aggregation_level[table]].update(
-                get_time_series_by_subgroup(
-                    stat,
-                    table,
-                    id_value[table],
-                    end_times,
-                    subgroup_to_label[stat],
-                    include_empty_subgroups,
-                )
-            )
-
-    if labels_sort_function is not None:
-        data["display_order"] = labels_sort_function(data)
-    else:
-        data["display_order"] = None
-    return json_success(request, data=data)
-
-
-def sort_by_totals(value_arrays: Dict[str, List[int]]) -> List[str]:
-    totals = sorted(((sum(values), label) for label, values in value_arrays.items()), reverse=True)
-    return [label for total, label in totals]
-
-
-# For any given user, we want to show a fixed set of clients in the chart,
-# regardless of the time aggregation or whether we're looking at realm or
-# user data. This fixed set ideally includes the clients most important in
-# understanding the realm's traffic and the user's traffic. This function
-# tries to rank the clients so that taking the first N elements of the
-# sorted list has a reasonable chance of doing so.
-def sort_client_labels(data: Dict[str, Dict[str, List[int]]]) -> List[str]:
-    realm_order = sort_by_totals(data["everyone"])
-    user_order = sort_by_totals(data["user"])
-    label_sort_values: Dict[str, float] = {}
-    for i, label in enumerate(realm_order):
-        label_sort_values[label] = i
-    for i, label in enumerate(user_order):
-        label_sort_values[label] = min(i - 0.1, label_sort_values.get(label, i))
-    return [label for label, sort_value in sorted(label_sort_values.items(), key=lambda x: x[1])]
-
-
-CountT = TypeVar("CountT", bound=BaseCount)
-
-
-def table_filtered_to_id(table: Type[CountT], key_id: int) -> QuerySet[CountT]:
-    if table == RealmCount:
-        return table._default_manager.filter(realm_id=key_id)
-    elif table == UserCount:
-        return table._default_manager.filter(user_id=key_id)
-    elif table == StreamCount:
-        return table._default_manager.filter(stream_id=key_id)
-    elif table == InstallationCount:
-        return table._default_manager.all()
-    elif settings.ZILENCER_ENABLED and table == RemoteInstallationCount:
-        return table._default_manager.filter(server_id=key_id)
-    elif settings.ZILENCER_ENABLED and table == RemoteRealmCount:
-        return table._default_manager.filter(realm_id=key_id)
-    else:
-        raise AssertionError(f"Unknown table: {table}")
-
-
-def client_label_map(name: str) -> str:
-    if name == "website":
-        return "Web app"
-    if name.startswith("desktop app"):
-        return "Old desktop app"
-    if name == "ZulipElectron":
-        return "Desktop app"
-    if name == "ZulipTerminal":
-        return "Terminal app"
-    if name == "ZulipAndroid":
-        return "Old Android app"
-    if name == "ZulipiOS":
-        return "Old iOS app"
-    if name == "ZulipMobile":
-        return "Mobile app"
-    if name in ["ZulipPython", "API: Python"]:
-        return "Python API"
-    if name.startswith("Zulip") and name.endswith("Webhook"):
-        return name[len("Zulip") : -len("Webhook")] + " webhook"
-    return name
-
-
-def rewrite_client_arrays(value_arrays: Dict[str, List[int]]) -> Dict[str, List[int]]:
-    mapped_arrays: Dict[str, List[int]] = {}
-    for label, array in value_arrays.items():
-        mapped_label = client_label_map(label)
-        if mapped_label in mapped_arrays:
-            for i in range(len(array)):
-                mapped_arrays[mapped_label][i] += value_arrays[label][i]
-        else:
-            mapped_arrays[mapped_label] = [value_arrays[label][i] for i in range(len(array))]
-    return mapped_arrays
-
-
-def get_time_series_by_subgroup(
-    stat: CountStat,
-    table: Type[BaseCount],
-    key_id: int,
-    end_times: List[datetime],
-    subgroup_to_label: Dict[Optional[str], str],
-    include_empty_subgroups: bool,
-) -> Dict[str, List[int]]:
-    queryset = (
-        table_filtered_to_id(table, key_id)
-        .filter(property=stat.property)
-        .values_list("subgroup", "end_time", "value")
-    )
-    value_dicts: Dict[Optional[str], Dict[datetime, int]] = defaultdict(lambda: defaultdict(int))
-    for subgroup, end_time, value in queryset:
-        value_dicts[subgroup][end_time] = value
-    value_arrays = {}
-    for subgroup, label in subgroup_to_label.items():
-        if (subgroup in value_dicts) or include_empty_subgroups:
-            value_arrays[label] = [value_dicts[subgroup][end_time] for end_time in end_times]
-
-    if stat == COUNT_STATS["messages_sent:client:day"]:
-        # HACK: We rewrite these arrays to collapse the Client objects
-        # with similar names into a single sum, and generally give
-        # them better names
-        return rewrite_client_arrays(value_arrays)
-    return value_arrays
--- a/analytics/views/support.py
+++ b/analytics/views/support.py
@@ -1,465 +0,0 @@
-import urllib
-from contextlib import suppress
-from dataclasses import dataclass
-from datetime import timedelta
-from decimal import Decimal
-from typing import Any, Dict, Iterable, List, Optional, Union
-from urllib.parse import urlencode
-
-from django.conf import settings
-from django.core.exceptions import ValidationError
-from django.core.validators import URLValidator
-from django.db.models import Q
-from django.http import HttpRequest, HttpResponse, HttpResponseRedirect
-from django.shortcuts import render
-from django.urls import reverse
-from django.utils.timesince import timesince
-from django.utils.timezone import now as timezone_now
-from django.utils.translation import gettext as _
-
-from confirmation.models import Confirmation, confirmation_url
-from confirmation.settings import STATUS_USED
-from zerver.actions.create_realm import do_change_realm_subdomain
-from zerver.actions.realm_settings import (
-    do_change_realm_org_type,
-    do_change_realm_plan_type,
-    do_deactivate_realm,
-    do_scrub_realm,
-    do_send_realm_reactivation_email,
-)
-from zerver.actions.users import do_delete_user_preserving_messages
-from zerver.decorator import require_server_admin
-from zerver.forms import check_subdomain_available
-from zerver.lib.exceptions import JsonableError
-from zerver.lib.realm_icon import realm_icon_url
-from zerver.lib.request import REQ, has_request_variables
-from zerver.lib.subdomains import get_subdomain_from_hostname
-from zerver.lib.validator import check_bool, check_string_in, to_decimal, to_non_negative_int
-from zerver.models import (
-    MultiuseInvite,
-    PreregistrationRealm,
-    PreregistrationUser,
-    Realm,
-    RealmReactivationStatus,
-    UserProfile,
-    get_org_type_display_name,
-    get_realm,
-    get_user_profile_by_id,
-)
-from zerver.views.invite import get_invitee_emails_set
-
-if settings.ZILENCER_ENABLED:
-    from zilencer.lib.remote_counts import MissingDataError, compute_max_monthly_messages
-    from zilencer.models import RemoteZulipServer
-
-if settings.BILLING_ENABLED:
-    from corporate.lib.stripe import (
-        RealmBillingSession,
-        downgrade_at_the_end_of_billing_cycle,
-        downgrade_now_without_creating_additional_invoices,
-        get_latest_seat_count,
-        switch_realm_from_standard_to_plus_plan,
-        void_all_open_invoices,
-    )
-    from corporate.lib.support import (
-        approve_realm_sponsorship,
-        attach_discount_to_realm,
-        get_discount_for_realm,
-        update_realm_billing_method,
-        update_realm_sponsorship_status,
-    )
-    from corporate.models import (
-        Customer,
-        CustomerPlan,
-        get_current_plan_by_realm,
-        get_customer_by_realm,
-    )
-
-
-def get_plan_name(plan_type: int) -> str:
-    return {
-        Realm.PLAN_TYPE_SELF_HOSTED: "self-hosted",
-        Realm.PLAN_TYPE_LIMITED: "limited",
-        Realm.PLAN_TYPE_STANDARD: "standard",
-        Realm.PLAN_TYPE_STANDARD_FREE: "open source",
-        Realm.PLAN_TYPE_PLUS: "plus",
-    }[plan_type]
-
-
-def get_confirmations(
-    types: List[int], object_ids: Iterable[int], hostname: Optional[str] = None
-) -> List[Dict[str, Any]]:
-    lowest_datetime = timezone_now() - timedelta(days=30)
-    confirmations = Confirmation.objects.filter(
-        type__in=types, object_id__in=object_ids, date_sent__gte=lowest_datetime
-    )
-    confirmation_dicts = []
-    for confirmation in confirmations:
-        realm = confirmation.realm
-        content_object = confirmation.content_object
-
-        type = confirmation.type
-        expiry_date = confirmation.expiry_date
-
-        assert content_object is not None
-        if hasattr(content_object, "status"):
-            if content_object.status == STATUS_USED:
-                link_status = "Link has been used"
-            else:
-                link_status = "Link has not been used"
-        else:
-            link_status = ""
-
-        now = timezone_now()
-        if expiry_date is None:
-            expires_in = "Never"
-        elif now < expiry_date:
-            expires_in = timesince(now, expiry_date)
-        else:
-            expires_in = "Expired"
-
-        url = confirmation_url(confirmation.confirmation_key, realm, type)
-        confirmation_dicts.append(
-            {
-                "object": confirmation.content_object,
-                "url": url,
-                "type": type,
-                "link_status": link_status,
-                "expires_in": expires_in,
-            }
-        )
-    return confirmation_dicts
-
-
-VALID_MODIFY_PLAN_METHODS = [
-    "downgrade_at_billing_cycle_end",
-    "downgrade_now_without_additional_licenses",
-    "downgrade_now_void_open_invoices",
-    "upgrade_to_plus",
-]
-
-VALID_STATUS_VALUES = [
-    "active",
-    "deactivated",
-]
-
-VALID_BILLING_METHODS = [
-    "send_invoice",
-    "charge_automatically",
-]
-
-
-@dataclass
-class PlanData:
-    customer: Optional["Customer"] = None
-    current_plan: Optional["CustomerPlan"] = None
-    licenses: Optional[int] = None
-    licenses_used: Optional[int] = None
-
-
-@require_server_admin
-@has_request_variables
-def support(
-    request: HttpRequest,
-    realm_id: Optional[int] = REQ(default=None, converter=to_non_negative_int),
-    plan_type: Optional[int] = REQ(default=None, converter=to_non_negative_int),
-    discount: Optional[Decimal] = REQ(default=None, converter=to_decimal),
-    new_subdomain: Optional[str] = REQ(default=None),
-    status: Optional[str] = REQ(default=None, str_validator=check_string_in(VALID_STATUS_VALUES)),
-    billing_method: Optional[str] = REQ(
-        default=None, str_validator=check_string_in(VALID_BILLING_METHODS)
-    ),
-    sponsorship_pending: Optional[bool] = REQ(default=None, json_validator=check_bool),
-    approve_sponsorship: bool = REQ(default=False, json_validator=check_bool),
-    modify_plan: Optional[str] = REQ(
-        default=None, str_validator=check_string_in(VALID_MODIFY_PLAN_METHODS)
-    ),
-    scrub_realm: bool = REQ(default=False, json_validator=check_bool),
-    delete_user_by_id: Optional[int] = REQ(default=None, converter=to_non_negative_int),
-    query: Optional[str] = REQ("q", default=None),
-    org_type: Optional[int] = REQ(default=None, converter=to_non_negative_int),
-) -> HttpResponse:
-    context: Dict[str, Any] = {}
-
-    if "success_message" in request.session:
-        context["success_message"] = request.session["success_message"]
-        del request.session["success_message"]
-
-    acting_user = request.user
-    assert isinstance(acting_user, UserProfile)
-    if settings.BILLING_ENABLED and request.method == "POST":
-        # We check that request.POST only has two keys in it: The
-        # realm_id and a field to change.
-        keys = set(request.POST.keys())
-        if "csrfmiddlewaretoken" in keys:
-            keys.remove("csrfmiddlewaretoken")
-        if len(keys) != 2:
-            raise JsonableError(_("Invalid parameters"))
-
-        assert realm_id is not None
-        realm = Realm.objects.get(id=realm_id)
-
-        if plan_type is not None:
-            current_plan_type = realm.plan_type
-            do_change_realm_plan_type(realm, plan_type, acting_user=acting_user)
-            msg = f"Plan type of {realm.string_id} changed from {get_plan_name(current_plan_type)} to {get_plan_name(plan_type)} "
-            context["success_message"] = msg
-        elif org_type is not None:
-            current_realm_type = realm.org_type
-            do_change_realm_org_type(realm, org_type, acting_user=acting_user)
-            msg = f"Org type of {realm.string_id} changed from {get_org_type_display_name(current_realm_type)} to {get_org_type_display_name(org_type)} "
-            context["success_message"] = msg
-        elif discount is not None:
-            current_discount = get_discount_for_realm(realm) or 0
-            attach_discount_to_realm(realm, discount, acting_user=acting_user)
-            context[
-                "success_message"
-            ] = f"Discount of {realm.string_id} changed to {discount}% from {current_discount}%."
-        elif new_subdomain is not None:
-            old_subdomain = realm.string_id
-            try:
-                check_subdomain_available(new_subdomain)
-            except ValidationError as error:
-                context["error_message"] = error.message
-            else:
-                do_change_realm_subdomain(realm, new_subdomain, acting_user=acting_user)
-                request.session[
-                    "success_message"
-                ] = f"Subdomain changed from {old_subdomain} to {new_subdomain}"
-                return HttpResponseRedirect(
-                    reverse("support") + "?" + urlencode({"q": new_subdomain})
-                )
-        elif status is not None:
-            if status == "active":
-                do_send_realm_reactivation_email(realm, acting_user=acting_user)
-                context[
-                    "success_message"
-                ] = f"Realm reactivation email sent to admins of {realm.string_id}."
-            elif status == "deactivated":
-                do_deactivate_realm(realm, acting_user=acting_user)
-                context["success_message"] = f"{realm.string_id} deactivated."
-        elif billing_method is not None:
-            if billing_method == "send_invoice":
-                update_realm_billing_method(
-                    realm, charge_automatically=False, acting_user=acting_user
-                )
-                context[
-                    "success_message"
-                ] = f"Billing method of {realm.string_id} updated to pay by invoice."
-            elif billing_method == "charge_automatically":
-                update_realm_billing_method(
-                    realm, charge_automatically=True, acting_user=acting_user
-                )
-                context[
-                    "success_message"
-                ] = f"Billing method of {realm.string_id} updated to charge automatically."
-        elif sponsorship_pending is not None:
-            if sponsorship_pending:
-                update_realm_sponsorship_status(realm, True, acting_user=acting_user)
-                context["success_message"] = f"{realm.string_id} marked as pending sponsorship."
-            else:
-                update_realm_sponsorship_status(realm, False, acting_user=acting_user)
-                context["success_message"] = f"{realm.string_id} is no longer pending sponsorship."
-        elif approve_sponsorship:
-            approve_realm_sponsorship(realm, acting_user=acting_user)
-            context["success_message"] = f"Sponsorship approved for {realm.string_id}"
-        elif modify_plan is not None:
-            if modify_plan == "downgrade_at_billing_cycle_end":
-                downgrade_at_the_end_of_billing_cycle(realm)
-                context[
-                    "success_message"
-                ] = f"{realm.string_id} marked for downgrade at the end of billing cycle"
-            elif modify_plan == "downgrade_now_without_additional_licenses":
-                downgrade_now_without_creating_additional_invoices(realm)
-                context[
-                    "success_message"
-                ] = f"{realm.string_id} downgraded without creating additional invoices"
-            elif modify_plan == "downgrade_now_void_open_invoices":
-                downgrade_now_without_creating_additional_invoices(realm)
-                voided_invoices_count = void_all_open_invoices(realm)
-                context[
-                    "success_message"
-                ] = f"{realm.string_id} downgraded and voided {voided_invoices_count} open invoices"
-            elif modify_plan == "upgrade_to_plus":
-                switch_realm_from_standard_to_plus_plan(realm)
-                context["success_message"] = f"{realm.string_id} upgraded to Plus"
-        elif scrub_realm:
-            do_scrub_realm(realm, acting_user=acting_user)
-            context["success_message"] = f"{realm.string_id} scrubbed."
-        elif delete_user_by_id:
-            user_profile_for_deletion = get_user_profile_by_id(delete_user_by_id)
-            user_email = user_profile_for_deletion.delivery_email
-            assert user_profile_for_deletion.realm == realm
-            do_delete_user_preserving_messages(user_profile_for_deletion)
-            context["success_message"] = f"{user_email} in {realm.subdomain} deleted."
-
-    if query:
-        key_words = get_invitee_emails_set(query)
-
-        case_insensitive_users_q = Q()
-        for key_word in key_words:
-            case_insensitive_users_q |= Q(delivery_email__iexact=key_word)
-        users = set(UserProfile.objects.filter(case_insensitive_users_q))
-        realms = set(Realm.objects.filter(string_id__in=key_words))
-
-        for key_word in key_words:
-            try:
-                URLValidator()(key_word)
-                parse_result = urllib.parse.urlparse(key_word)
-                hostname = parse_result.hostname
-                assert hostname is not None
-                if parse_result.port:
-                    hostname = f"{hostname}:{parse_result.port}"
-                subdomain = get_subdomain_from_hostname(hostname)
-                with suppress(Realm.DoesNotExist):
-                    realms.add(get_realm(subdomain))
-            except ValidationError:
-                users.update(UserProfile.objects.filter(full_name__iexact=key_word))
-
-        # full_names can have , in them
-        users.update(UserProfile.objects.filter(full_name__iexact=query))
-
-        context["users"] = users
-        context["realms"] = realms
-
-        confirmations: List[Dict[str, Any]] = []
-
-        preregistration_user_ids = [
-            user.id for user in PreregistrationUser.objects.filter(email__in=key_words)
-        ]
-        confirmations += get_confirmations(
-            [Confirmation.USER_REGISTRATION, Confirmation.INVITATION],
-            preregistration_user_ids,
-            hostname=request.get_host(),
-        )
-
-        preregistration_realm_ids = [
-            user.id for user in PreregistrationRealm.objects.filter(email__in=key_words)
-        ]
-        confirmations += get_confirmations(
-            [Confirmation.REALM_CREATION],
-            preregistration_realm_ids,
-            hostname=request.get_host(),
-        )
-
-        multiuse_invite_ids = [
-            invite.id for invite in MultiuseInvite.objects.filter(realm__in=realms)
-        ]
-        confirmations += get_confirmations([Confirmation.MULTIUSE_INVITE], multiuse_invite_ids)
-
-        realm_reactivation_status_objects = RealmReactivationStatus.objects.filter(realm__in=realms)
-        confirmations += get_confirmations(
-            [Confirmation.REALM_REACTIVATION], [obj.id for obj in realm_reactivation_status_objects]
-        )
-
-        context["confirmations"] = confirmations
-
-        # We want a union of all realms that might appear in the search result,
-        # but not necessary as a separate result item.
-        # Therefore, we do not modify the realms object in the context.
-        all_realms = realms.union(
-            [
-                confirmation["object"].realm
-                for confirmation in confirmations
-                # For confirmations, we only display realm details when the type is USER_REGISTRATION
-                # or INVITATION.
-                if confirmation["type"] in (Confirmation.USER_REGISTRATION, Confirmation.INVITATION)
-            ]
-            + [user.realm for user in users]
-        )
-        plan_data: Dict[int, PlanData] = {}
-        for realm in all_realms:
-            current_plan = get_current_plan_by_realm(realm)
-            plan_data[realm.id] = PlanData(
-                customer=get_customer_by_realm(realm),
-                current_plan=current_plan,
-            )
-            if current_plan is not None:
-                billing_session = RealmBillingSession(user=None, realm=realm)
-                new_plan, last_ledger_entry = billing_session.make_end_of_cycle_updates_if_needed(
-                    current_plan, timezone_now()
-                )
-                if last_ledger_entry is not None:
-                    if new_plan is not None:
-                        plan_data[realm.id].current_plan = new_plan
-                    else:
-                        plan_data[realm.id].current_plan = current_plan
-                    plan_data[realm.id].licenses = last_ledger_entry.licenses
-                    plan_data[realm.id].licenses_used = get_latest_seat_count(realm)
-        context["plan_data"] = plan_data
-
-    def get_realm_owner_emails_as_string(realm: Realm) -> str:
-        return ", ".join(
-            realm.get_human_owner_users()
-            .order_by("delivery_email")
-            .values_list("delivery_email", flat=True)
-        )
-
-    def get_realm_admin_emails_as_string(realm: Realm) -> str:
-        return ", ".join(
-            realm.get_human_admin_users(include_realm_owners=False)
-            .order_by("delivery_email")
-            .values_list("delivery_email", flat=True)
-        )
-
-    context["get_realm_owner_emails_as_string"] = get_realm_owner_emails_as_string
-    context["get_realm_admin_emails_as_string"] = get_realm_admin_emails_as_string
-    context["get_discount_for_realm"] = get_discount_for_realm
-    context["get_org_type_display_name"] = get_org_type_display_name
-    context["realm_icon_url"] = realm_icon_url
-    context["Confirmation"] = Confirmation
-    context["sorted_realm_types"] = sorted(
-        Realm.ORG_TYPES.values(), key=lambda d: d["display_order"]
-    )
-
-    return render(request, "analytics/support.html", context=context)
-
-
-def get_remote_servers_for_support(
-    email_to_search: Optional[str], hostname_to_search: Optional[str]
-) -> List["RemoteZulipServer"]:
-    if not email_to_search and not hostname_to_search:
-        return []
-
-    remote_servers_query = RemoteZulipServer.objects.order_by("id")
-    if email_to_search:
-        remote_servers_query = remote_servers_query.filter(contact_email__iexact=email_to_search)
-    elif hostname_to_search:
-        remote_servers_query = remote_servers_query.filter(hostname__icontains=hostname_to_search)
-
-    return list(remote_servers_query)
-
-
-@require_server_admin
-@has_request_variables
-def remote_servers_support(
-    request: HttpRequest, query: Optional[str] = REQ("q", default=None)
-) -> HttpResponse:
-    email_to_search = None
-    hostname_to_search = None
-    if query:
-        if "@" in query:
-            email_to_search = query
-        else:
-            hostname_to_search = query
-
-    remote_servers = get_remote_servers_for_support(
-        email_to_search=email_to_search, hostname_to_search=hostname_to_search
-    )
-    remote_server_to_max_monthly_messages: Dict[int, Union[int, str]] = dict()
-    for remote_server in remote_servers:
-        try:
-            remote_server_to_max_monthly_messages[remote_server.id] = compute_max_monthly_messages(
-                remote_server
-            )
-        except MissingDataError:
-            remote_server_to_max_monthly_messages[remote_server.id] = "Recent data missing"
-
-    return render(
-        request,
-        "analytics/remote_server_support.html",
-        context=dict(
-            remote_servers=remote_servers,
-            remote_server_to_max_monthly_messages=remote_server_to_max_monthly_messages,
-        ),
-    )
--- a/analytics/views/user_activity.py
+++ b/analytics/views/user_activity.py
@@ -1,106 +0,0 @@
-from typing import Any, Dict, List, Tuple
-
-from django.conf import settings
-from django.db.models import QuerySet
-from django.http import HttpRequest, HttpResponse
-from django.shortcuts import render
-
-from analytics.views.activity_common import (
-    format_date_for_activity_reports,
-    get_user_activity_summary,
-    make_table,
-)
-from zerver.decorator import require_server_admin
-from zerver.models import UserActivity, UserProfile, get_user_profile_by_id
-
-if settings.BILLING_ENABLED:
-    pass
-
-
-def get_user_activity_records(
-    user_profile: UserProfile,
-) -> QuerySet[UserActivity]:
-    fields = [
-        "user_profile__full_name",
-        "query",
-        "client__name",
-        "count",
-        "last_visit",
-    ]
-
-    records = UserActivity.objects.filter(
-        user_profile=user_profile,
-    )
-    records = records.order_by("-last_visit")
-    records = records.select_related("user_profile", "client").only(*fields)
-    return records
-
-
-def raw_user_activity_table(records: QuerySet[UserActivity]) -> str:
-    cols = [
-        "query",
-        "client",
-        "count",
-        "last_visit",
-    ]
-
-    def row(record: UserActivity) -> List[Any]:
-        return [
-            record.query,
-            record.client.name,
-            record.count,
-            format_date_for_activity_reports(record.last_visit),
-        ]
-
-    rows = list(map(row, records))
-    title = "Raw data"
-    return make_table(title, cols, rows)
-
-
-def user_activity_summary_table(user_summary: Dict[str, Dict[str, Any]]) -> str:
-    rows = []
-    for k, v in user_summary.items():
-        if k in ("name", "user_profile_id"):
-            continue
-        client = k
-        count = v["count"]
-        last_visit = v["last_visit"]
-        row = [
-            format_date_for_activity_reports(last_visit),
-            client,
-            count,
-        ]
-        rows.append(row)
-
-    rows = sorted(rows, key=lambda r: r[0], reverse=True)
-
-    cols = [
-        "last_visit",
-        "client",
-        "count",
-    ]
-
-    title = "User activity"
-    return make_table(title, cols, rows)
-
-
-@require_server_admin
-def get_user_activity(request: HttpRequest, user_profile_id: int) -> HttpResponse:
-    user_profile = get_user_profile_by_id(user_profile_id)
-    records = get_user_activity_records(user_profile)
-
-    data: List[Tuple[str, str]] = []
-    user_summary = get_user_activity_summary(records)
-    content = user_activity_summary_table(user_summary)
-
-    data += [("Summary", content)]
-
-    content = raw_user_activity_table(records)
-    data += [("Info", content)]
-
-    title = user_profile.delivery_email
-    return render(
-        request,
-        "analytics/activity.html",
-        context=dict(data=data, title=title),
-    )
--- a/api_docs/api-doc-template.md
+++ b/api_docs/api-doc-template.md
@@ -1,31 +0,0 @@
-{generate_api_header(API_ENDPOINT_NAME)}
-
-## Usage examples
-
-{start_tabs}
-
-{generate_code_example(python)|API_ENDPOINT_NAME|example}
-
-{generate_code_example(javascript)|API_ENDPOINT_NAME|example}
-
-{tab|curl}
-
-{generate_code_example(curl)|API_ENDPOINT_NAME|example}
-
-{end_tabs}
-
-## Parameters
-
-{generate_api_arguments_table|zulip.yaml|API_ENDPOINT_NAME}
-
-{generate_parameter_description(API_ENDPOINT_NAME)}
-
-## Response
-
-{generate_return_values_table|zulip.yaml|API_ENDPOINT_NAME}
-
-{generate_response_description(API_ENDPOINT_NAME)}
-
-#### Example response(s)
-
-{generate_code_example|API_ENDPOINT_NAME|fixture}
--- a/api_docs/changelog.md
+++ b/api_docs/changelog.md
--- a/api_docs/construct-narrow.md
+++ b/api_docs/construct-narrow.md
@@ -1,124 +0,0 @@
-# Construct a narrow
-
-A **narrow** is a set of filters for Zulip messages, that can be based
-on many different factors (like sender, stream, topic, search
-keywords, etc.). Narrows are used in various places in the the Zulip
-API (most importantly, in the API for fetching messages).
-
-It is simplest to explain the algorithm for encoding a search as a
-narrow using a single example. Consider the following search query
-(written as it would be entered in the Zulip web app's search box).
-It filters for messages sent to stream `announce`, not sent by
-`iago@zulip.com`, and containing the words `cool` and `sunglasses`:
-
-```
-stream:announce -sender:iago@zulip.com cool sunglasses
-```
-
-This query would be JSON-encoded for use in the Zulip API using JSON
-as a list of simple objects, as follows:
-
-```json
-[
-    {
-        "operator": "stream",
-        "operand": "announce"
-    },
-    {
-        "operator": "sender",
-        "operand": "iago@zulip.com",
-        "negated": true
-    },
-    {
-        "operator": "search",
-        "operand": "cool sunglasses"
-    }
-]
-```
-
-The Zulip help center article on [searching for messages](/help/search-for-messages)
-documents the majority of the search/narrow options supported by the
-Zulip API.
-
-Note that many narrows, including all that lack a `stream` or `streams`
-operator, search the current user's personal message history. See
-[searching shared history](/help/search-for-messages#searching-shared-history)
-for details.
-
-**Changes**: In Zulip 7.0 (feature level 177), support was added
-for three filters related to direct messages: `is:dm`, `dm` and
-`dm-including`. The `dm` operator replaced and deprecated the
-`pm-with` operator. The `is:dm` filter replaced and deprecated
-the `is:private` filter. The `dm-including` operator replaced and
-deprecated the `group-pm-with` operator.
-
-The `dm-including` and `group-pm-with` operators return slightly
-different results. For example, `dm-including:1234` returns all
-direct messages (1-on-1 and group) that include the current user
-and the user with the unique user ID of `1234`. On the other hand,
-`group-pm-with:1234` returned only group direct messages that included
-the current user and the user with the unique user ID of `1234`.
-
-Both `dm` and `is:dm` are aliases of `pm-with` and `is:private`
-respectively, and return the same exact results that the deprecated
-filters did.
-
-## Narrows that use IDs
-
-### Message IDs
-
-The `near` and `id` operators, documented in the help center, use message
-IDs for their operands.
-
-* `near:12345`: Search messages around the message with ID `12345`.
-* `id:12345`: Search for only message with ID `12345`.
-
-The message ID operand for the `id` operator may be encoded as either a
-number or a string. The message ID operand for the `near` operator must
-be encoded as a string.
-
-**Changes**: Prior to Zulip 8.0 (feature level 194), the message ID
-operand for the `id` operator needed to be encoded as a string.
-
-
-```json
-[
-    {
-        "operator": "id",
-        "operand": 12345
-    }
-]
-```
-
-### Stream and user IDs
-
-There are a few additional narrow/search options (new in Zulip 2.1)
-that use either stream IDs or user IDs that are not documented in the
-help center because they are primarily useful to API clients:
-
-* `stream:1234`: Search messages sent to the stream with ID `1234`.
-* `sender:1234`: Search messages sent by user ID `1234`.
-* `dm:1234`: Search the direct message conversation between
-  you and user ID `1234`.
-* `dm:1234,5678`: Search the direct message conversation between
-  you, user ID `1234`, and user ID `5678`.
-* `dm-including:1234`: Search all direct messages (1-on-1 and group)
-  that include you and user ID `1234`.
-
-The operands for these search options must be encoded either as an
-integer ID or a JSON list of integer IDs. For example, to query
-messages sent by a user 1234 to a direct message thread with yourself,
-user 1234, and user 5678, the correct JSON-encoded query is:
-
-```json
-[
-    {
-        "operator": "dm",
-        "operand": [1234, 5678]
-    },
-    {
-        "operator": "sender",
-        "operand": 1234
-    }
-]
-```
--- a/api_docs/create-scheduled-message.md
+++ b/api_docs/create-scheduled-message.md
@@ -1,49 +0,0 @@
-{generate_api_header(/scheduled_messages:post)}
-
-## Usage examples
-
-{start_tabs}
-
-{generate_code_example(python)|/scheduled_messages:post|example}
-
-{generate_code_example(javascript)|/scheduled_messages:post|example}
-
-{tab|curl}
-
-``` curl
-# Create a scheduled stream message
-curl -X POST {{ api_url }}/v1/scheduled_messages \
-    -u BOT_EMAIL_ADDRESS:BOT_API_KEY \
-    --data-urlencode type=stream \
-    --data-urlencode to=9 \
-    --data-urlencode topic=Hello \
-    --data-urlencode 'content=Nice to meet everyone!' \
-    --data-urlencode scheduled_delivery_timestamp=3165826990
-
-# Create a scheduled direct message
-curl -X POST {{ api_url }}/v1/messages \
-    -u BOT_EMAIL_ADDRESS:BOT_API_KEY \
-    --data-urlencode type=direct \
-    --data-urlencode 'to=[9, 10]' \
-    --data-urlencode 'content=Can we meet on Monday?' \
-    --data-urlencode scheduled_delivery_timestamp=3165826990
-
-```
-
-{end_tabs}
-
-## Parameters
-
-{generate_api_arguments_table|zulip.yaml|/scheduled_messages:post}
-
-{generate_parameter_description(/scheduled_messages:post)}
-
-## Response
-
-{generate_return_values_table|zulip.yaml|/scheduled_messages:post}
-
-{generate_response_description(/scheduled_messages:post)}
-
-#### Example response(s)
-
-{generate_code_example|/scheduled_messages:post|fixture}
--- a/api_docs/http-headers.md
+++ b/api_docs/http-headers.md
@@ -1,80 +0,0 @@
-# HTTP headers
-
-This page documents the HTTP headers used by the Zulip API.
-
-Most important is that API clients authenticate to the server using
-HTTP Basic authentication. If you're using the official [Python or
-JavaScript bindings](/api/installation-instructions), this is taken
-care of when you configure said bindings.
-
-Otherwise, see the `curl` example on each endpoint's documentation
-page, which details the request format.
-
-Documented below are additional HTTP headers and header conventions
-generally used by Zulip:
-
-## The `User-Agent` header
-
-Clients are not required to pass a `User-Agent` HTTP header, but we
-highly recommend doing so when writing an integration. It's easy to do
-and it can help save time when debugging issues related to an API
-client.
-
-If provided, the Zulip server will parse the `User-Agent` HTTP header
-in order to identify specific clients and integrations. This
-information is used by the server for logging, [usage
-statistics](/help/analytics), and on rare occasions, for
-backwards-compatibility logic to preserve support for older versions
-of official clients.
-
-Official Zulip clients and integrations use a `User-Agent` that starts
-with something like `ZulipMobile/20.0.103 `, encoding the name of the
-application and it's version.
-
-Zulip's official API bindings have reasonable defaults for
-`User-Agent`. For example, the official Zulip Python bindings have a
-default `User-Agent` starting with `ZulipPython/{version}`, where
-`version` is the version of the library.
-
-You can give your bot/integration its own name by passing the `client`
-parameter when initializing the Python bindings. For example, the
-official Zulip Nagios integration is initialized like this:
-
-``` python
-client = zulip.Client(
-    config_file=opts.config, client=f"ZulipNagios/{VERSION}"
-)
-```
-
-If you are working on an integration that you plan to share outside
-your organization, you can get help picking a good name in
-`#integrations` in the [Zulip development
-community](https://zulip.com/development-community).
-
-## Rate-limiting response headers
-
-To help clients avoid exceeding rate limits, Zulip sets the following
-HTTP headers in all API responses:
-
-* `X-RateLimit-Remaining`: The number of additional requests of this
-  type that the client can send before exceeding its limit.
-* `X-RateLimit-Limit`: The limit that would be applicable to a client
-  that had not made any recent requests of this type. This is useful
-  for designing a client's burst behavior so as to avoid ever reaching
-  a rate limit.
-* `X-RateLimit-Reset`: The time at which the client will no longer
-  have any rate limits applied to it (and thus could do a burst of
-  `X-RateLimit-Limit` requests).
-
-[Zulip's rate limiting rules are configurable][rate-limiting-rules],
-and can vary by server and over time. The default configuration
-currently limits:
-
-* Every user is limited to 200 total API requests per minute.
-* Separate, much lower limits for authentication/login attempts.
-
-When the Zulip server has configured multiple rate limits that apply
-to a given request, the values returned will be for the strictest
-limit.
-
-[rate-limiting-rules]: https://zulip.readthedocs.io/en/latest/production/security-model.html#rate-limiting
--- a/api_docs/include/rest-endpoints.md
+++ b/api_docs/include/rest-endpoints.md
@@ -1,119 +0,0 @@
-#### Messages
-
-* [Send a message](/api/send-message)
-* [Upload a file](/api/upload-file)
-* [Edit a message](/api/update-message)
-* [Delete a message](/api/delete-message)
-* [Get messages](/api/get-messages)
-* [Construct a narrow](/api/construct-narrow)
-* [Add an emoji reaction](/api/add-reaction)
-* [Remove an emoji reaction](/api/remove-reaction)
-* [Render a message](/api/render-message)
-* [Fetch a single message](/api/get-message)
-* [Check if messages match narrow](/api/check-messages-match-narrow)
-* [Get a message's edit history](/api/get-message-history)
-* [Update personal message flags](/api/update-message-flags)
-* [Update personal message flags for narrow](/api/update-message-flags-for-narrow)
-* [Mark all messages as read](/api/mark-all-as-read)
-* [Mark messages in a stream as read](/api/mark-stream-as-read)
-* [Mark messages in a topic as read](/api/mark-topic-as-read)
-* [Get a message's read receipts](/api/get-read-receipts)
-
-#### Scheduled messages
-
-* [Get scheduled messages](/api/get-scheduled-messages)
-* [Create a scheduled message](/api/create-scheduled-message)
-* [Edit a scheduled message](/api/update-scheduled-message)
-* [Delete a scheduled message](/api/delete-scheduled-message)
-
-#### Drafts
-
-* [Get drafts](/api/get-drafts)
-* [Create drafts](/api/create-drafts)
-* [Edit a draft](/api/edit-draft)
-* [Delete a draft](/api/delete-draft)
-
-#### Streams
-
-* [Get subscribed streams](/api/get-subscriptions)
-* [Subscribe to a stream](/api/subscribe)
-* [Unsubscribe from a stream](/api/unsubscribe)
-* [Get subscription status](/api/get-subscription-status)
-* [Get all subscribers](/api/get-subscribers)
-* [Update subscription settings](/api/update-subscription-settings)
-* [Get all streams](/api/get-streams)
-* [Get a stream by ID](/api/get-stream-by-id)
-* [Get stream ID](/api/get-stream-id)
-* [Create a stream](/api/create-stream)
-* [Update a stream](/api/update-stream)
-* [Archive a stream](/api/archive-stream)
-* [Get stream's email address](/api/get-stream-email-address)
-* [Get topics in a stream](/api/get-stream-topics)
-* [Topic muting](/api/mute-topic)
-* [Update personal preferences for a topic](/api/update-user-topic)
-* [Delete a topic](/api/delete-topic)
-* [Add a default stream](/api/add-default-stream)
-* [Remove a default stream](/api/remove-default-stream)
-
-#### Users
-
-* [Get all users](/api/get-users)
-* [Get own user](/api/get-own-user)
-* [Get a user](/api/get-user)
-* [Get a user by email](/api/get-user-by-email)
-* [Update a user](/api/update-user)
-* [Update your status](/api/update-status)
-* [Create a user](/api/create-user)
-* [Deactivate a user](/api/deactivate-user)
-* [Reactivate a user](/api/reactivate-user)
-* [Deactivate own user](/api/deactivate-own-user)
-* [Set "typing" status](/api/set-typing-status)
-* [Get user presence](/api/get-user-presence)
-* [Get presence of all users](/api/get-presence)
-* [Get attachments](/api/get-attachments)
-* [Delete an attachment](/api/remove-attachment)
-* [Update settings](/api/update-settings)
-* [Get user groups](/api/get-user-groups)
-* [Create a user group](/api/create-user-group)
-* [Update a user group](/api/update-user-group)
-* [Delete a user group](/api/remove-user-group)
-* [Update user group members](/api/update-user-group-members)
-* [Update user group subgroups](/api/update-user-group-subgroups)
-* [Get user group membership status](/api/get-is-user-group-member)
-* [Get user group members](/api/get-user-group-members)
-* [Get subgroups of user group](/api/get-user-group-subgroups)
-* [Mute a user](/api/mute-user)
-* [Unmute a user](/api/unmute-user)
-* [Get all alert words](/api/get-alert-words)
-* [Add alert words](/api/add-alert-words)
-* [Remove alert words](/api/remove-alert-words)
-
-#### Server & organizations
-
-* [Get server settings](/api/get-server-settings)
-* [Get linkifiers](/api/get-linkifiers)
-* [Add a linkifier](/api/add-linkifier)
-* [Update a linkifier](/api/update-linkifier)
-* [Remove a linkifier](/api/remove-linkifier)
-* [Reorder linkifiers](/api/reorder-linkifiers)
-* [Add a code playground](/api/add-code-playground)
-* [Remove a code playground](/api/remove-code-playground)
-* [Get all custom emoji](/api/get-custom-emoji)
-* [Upload custom emoji](/api/upload-custom-emoji)
-* [Deactivate custom emoji](/api/deactivate-custom-emoji)
-* [Get all custom profile fields](/api/get-custom-profile-fields)
-* [Reorder custom profile fields](/api/reorder-custom-profile-fields)
-* [Create a custom profile field](/api/create-custom-profile-field)
-* [Update realm-level defaults of user settings](/api/update-realm-user-settings-defaults)
-
-#### Real-time events
-
-* [Real time events API](/api/real-time-events)
-* [Register an event queue](/api/register-queue)
-* [Get events from an event queue](/api/get-events)
-* [Delete an event queue](/api/delete-queue)
-
-#### Specialty endpoints
-
-* [Fetch an API key (production)](/api/fetch-api-key)
-* [Fetch an API key (development only)](/api/dev-fetch-api-key)
--- a/api_docs/index.md
+++ b/api_docs/index.md
@@ -1,26 +0,0 @@
-# The Zulip API
-
-Zulip's APIs allow you to integrate other services with Zulip.  This
-guide should help you find the API you need:
-
-* First, check if the tool you'd like to integrate with Zulip
-  [already has a native integration](/integrations/).
-* Next, check if [Zapier](https://zapier.com/apps) or
-  [IFTTT](https://ifttt.com/search) has an integration.
-  [Zulip's Zapier integration](/integrations/doc/zapier) and
-  [Zulip's IFTTT integration](/integrations/doc/ifttt) often allow
-  integrating a new service with Zulip without writing any code.
-* If you'd like to send content into Zulip, you can
-  [write a native incoming webhook integration](/api/incoming-webhooks-overview)
-  or use [Zulip's API for sending messages](/api/send-message).
-* If you're building an interactive bot that reacts to activity inside
-  Zulip, you'll want to look at Zulip's
-  [Python framework for interactive bots](/api/running-bots) or
-  [Zulip's real-time events API](/api/get-events).
-
-And if you still need to build your own integration with Zulip, check out
-the full [REST API](/api/rest), generally starting with
-[installing the API client bindings](/api/installation-instructions).
-
-In case you already know how you want to build your integration and you're
-just looking for an API key, we've got you covered [here](/api/api-keys).
--- a/api_docs/rest-error-handling.md
+++ b/api_docs/rest-error-handling.md
@@ -1,34 +0,0 @@
-# Error handling
-
-Zulip's API will always return a JSON format response.
-The HTTP status code indicates whether the request was successful
-(200 = success, 40x = user error, 50x = server error).  Every response
-will contain at least two keys: `msg` (a human-readable error message)
-and `result`, which will be either `error` or `success` (this is
-redundant with the HTTP status code, but is convenient when printing
-responses while debugging).
-
-For some common errors, Zulip provides a `code` attribute.  Where
-present, clients should check `code`, rather than `msg`, when looking
-for specific error conditions, since the `msg` strings are
-internationalized (e.g. the server will send the error message
-translated into French if the user has a French locale).
-
-Each endpoint documents its own unique errors; documented below are
-errors common to many endpoints:
-
-{generate_code_example|/rest-error-handling:post|fixture}
-
-## Ignored Parameters
-
-In JSON success responses, all Zulip REST API endpoints may return
-an array of parameters sent in the request that are not supported
-by that specific endpoint.
-
-While this can be expected, e.g. when sending both current and legacy
-names for a parameter to a Zulip server of unknown version, this often
-indicates either a bug in the client implementation or an attempt to
-configure a new feature while connected to an older Zulip server that
-does not support said feature.
-
-{generate_code_example|/settings:patch|fixture}
--- a/api_docs/roles-and-permissions.md
+++ b/api_docs/roles-and-permissions.md
@@ -1,120 +0,0 @@
-# Roles and permissions
-
-Zulip offers several levels of permissions based on a
-[user's role](/help/roles-and-permissions) in a Zulip organization.
-
-Here are some important details to note when working with these
-roles and permissions in Zulip's API:
-
-## A user's role
-
-A user's account data include a `role` property, which contains the
-user's role in the Zulip organization. These roles are encoded as:
-
-* Organization owner: 100
-
-* Organization administrator: 200
-
-* Organization moderator: 300
-
-* Member: 400
-
-* Guest: 600
-
-User account data also include these boolean properties that duplicate
-the related roles above:
-
-* `is_owner` specifying whether the user is an organization owner.
-
-* `is_admin` specifying whether the user is an organization administrator.
-
-* `is_guest` specifying whether the user is a guest user.
-
-These are intended as conveniences for simple clients, and clients
-should prefer using the `role` field, since only that one is updated
-by the [events API](/api/get-events).
-
-Note that [`POST /register`](/api/register-queue) also returns an
-`is_moderator` boolean property specifying whether the current user is
-an organization moderator.
-
-Additionally, user account data include an `is_billing_admin` property
-specifying whether the user is a billing administrator for the Zulip
-organization, which is not related to one of the roles listed above,
-but rather allows for specific permissions related to billing
-administration in [paid Zulip Cloud plans](https://zulip.com/plans/).
-
-### User account data in the API
-
-Endpoints that return the user account data / properties mentioned
-above are:
-
-* [`GET /users`](/api/get-users)
-
-* [`GET /users/{user_id}`](/api/get-user)
-
-* [`GET /users/{email}`](/api/get-user-by-email)
-
-* [`GET /users/me`](/api/get-own-user)
-
-* [`GET /events`](/api/get-events)
-
-* [`POST /register`](/api/register-queue)
-
-Note that the [`POST /register` endpoint](/api/register-queue) returns
-the above boolean properties to describe the role of the current user,
-when `realm_user` is present in `fetch_event_types`.
-
-Additionally, the specific events returned by the
-[`GET /events` endpoint](/api/get-events) containing data related
-to user accounts and roles are the [`realm_user` add
-event](/api/get-events#realm_user-add), and the
-[`realm_user` update event](/api/get-events#realm_user-update).
-
-## Permission levels
-
-Many areas of Zulip are customizable by the roles
-above, such as (but not limited to) [restricting message editing and
-deletion](/help/restrict-message-editing-and-deletion) and
-[streams permissions](/help/stream-permissions). The potential
-permission levels are:
-
-* Everyone / Any user including Guests (least restrictive)
-
-* Members
-
-* Full members
-
-* Moderators
-
-* Administrators
-
-* Owners
-
-* Nobody (most restrictive)
-
-These permission levels and policies in the API are designed to be
-cutoffs in that users with the specified role and above have the
-specified ability or access. For example, a permission level documented
-as 'moderators only' includes organization moderators, administrators,
-and owners.
-
-Note that specific settings and policies in the Zulip API that use these
-permission levels will likely support a subset of those listed above.
-
-## Determining if a user is a full member
-
-When a Zulip organization has set up a [waiting period before new members
-turn into full members](/help/restrict-permissions-of-new-members),
-clients will need to determine if a user's account has aged past the
-organization's waiting period threshold.
-
-The `realm_waiting_period_threshold`, which is the number of days until
-a user's account is treated as a full member, is returned by the
-[`POST /register` endpoint](/api/register-queue) when `realm` is present
-in `fetch_event_types`.
-
-Clients can compare the `realm_waiting_period_threshold` to a user
-accounts's `date_joined` property, which is the time the user account
-was created, to determine if a user has the permissions of a full
-member or a new member.
--- a/api_docs/send-message.md
+++ b/api_docs/send-message.md
@@ -1,77 +0,0 @@
-{generate_api_header(/messages:post)}
-
-## Usage examples
-
-{start_tabs}
-
-{generate_code_example(python)|/messages:post|example}
-
-{generate_code_example(javascript)|/messages:post|example}
-
-{tab|curl}
-
-``` curl
-# For stream messages
-curl -X POST {{ api_url }}/v1/messages \
-    -u BOT_EMAIL_ADDRESS:BOT_API_KEY \
-    --data-urlencode type=stream \
-    --data-urlencode 'to="Denmark"' \
-    --data-urlencode topic=Castle \
-    --data-urlencode 'content=I come not, friends, to steal away your hearts.'
-
-# For direct messages
-curl -X POST {{ api_url }}/v1/messages \
-    -u BOT_EMAIL_ADDRESS:BOT_API_KEY \
-    --data-urlencode type=direct \
-    --data-urlencode 'to=[9]' \
-    --data-urlencode 'content=With mirth and laughter let old wrinkles come.'
-```
-
-{tab|zulip-send}
-
-You can use `zulip-send`
-(available after you `pip install zulip`) to easily send Zulips from
-the command-line, providing the message content via STDIN.
-
-```bash
-# For stream messages
-zulip-send --stream Denmark --subject Castle \
-    --user othello-bot@example.com --api-key a0b1c2d3e4f5a6b7c8d9e0f1a2b3c4d5
-
-# For direct messages
-zulip-send hamlet@example.com \
-    --user othello-bot@example.com --api-key a0b1c2d3e4f5a6b7c8d9e0f1a2b3c4d5
-```
-
-#### Passing in the message on the command-line
-
-If you'd like, you can also provide the message on the command-line with the
-`-m` or `--message` flag, as follows:
-
-
-```bash
-zulip-send --stream Denmark --subject Castle \
-    --message 'I come not, friends, to steal away your hearts.' \
-    --user othello-bot@example.com --api-key a0b1c2d3e4f5a6b7c8d9e0f1a2b3c4d5
-```
-
-You can omit the `user` and `api-key` parameters if you have a `~/.zuliprc`
-file.
-
-{end_tabs}
-
-## Parameters
-
-{generate_api_arguments_table|zulip.yaml|/messages:post}
-
-{generate_parameter_description(/messages:post)}
-
-## Response
-
-{generate_return_values_table|zulip.yaml|/messages:post}
-
-{generate_response_description(/messages:post)}
-
-#### Example response(s)
-
-{generate_code_example|/messages:post|fixture}
--- a/api_docs/sidebar_index.md
+++ b/api_docs/sidebar_index.md
@@ -1,27 +0,0 @@
-## Integrations
-
-* [Overview](/api/integrations-overview)
-* [Incoming webhook integrations](/api/incoming-webhooks-overview)
-* [Hello world walkthrough](/api/incoming-webhooks-walkthrough)
-* [Non-webhook integrations](/api/non-webhook-integrations)
-
-## Interactive bots (beta)
-
-* [Running bots](/api/running-bots)
-* [Deploying bots](/api/deploying-bots)
-* [Writing bots](/api/writing-bots)
-* [Outgoing webhooks](/api/outgoing-webhooks)
-
-## REST API
-
-* [Overview](/api/rest)
-* [Installation instructions](/api/installation-instructions)
-* [API keys](/api/api-keys)
-* [Configuring the Python bindings](/api/configuring-python-bindings)
-* [HTTP headers](/api/http-headers)
-* [Error handling](/api/rest-error-handling)
-* [Roles and permissions](/api/roles-and-permissions)
-* [Client libraries](/api/client-libraries)
-* [API changelog](/api/changelog)
-
-{!rest-endpoints.md!}
--- a/babel.config.js
+++ b/babel.config.js
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+"use strict";
+
+module.exports = {
+    plugins: [
+        [
+            "formatjs",
+            {
+                additionalFunctionNames: ["$t", "$t_html"],
+                overrideIdFn: (id, defaultMessage) => defaultMessage,
+            },
+        ],
+    ],
+    presets: [
+        [
+            "@babel/preset-env",
+            {
+                corejs: "3.6",
+                loose: true, // Loose mode for…of loops are 5× faster in Firefox
+                shippedProposals: true,
+                useBuiltIns: "usage",
+            },
+        ],
+        "@babel/typescript",
+    ],
+    sourceType: "unambiguous",
+};
--- a/confirmation/migrations/0001_initial.py
+++ b/confirmation/migrations/0001_initial.py
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ from django.db import migrations, models


 class Migration(migrations.Migration):
+
    dependencies = [
        ("contenttypes", "0001_initial"),
    ]
--- a/confirmation/migrations/0002_realmcreationkey.py
+++ b/confirmation/migrations/0002_realmcreationkey.py
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ from django.db import migrations, models


 class Migration(migrations.Migration):
+
    dependencies = [
        ("confirmation", "0001_initial"),
    ]
--- a/confirmation/migrations/0003_emailchangeconfirmation.py
+++ b/confirmation/migrations/0003_emailchangeconfirmation.py
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ from django.db import migrations


 class Migration(migrations.Migration):
+
    dependencies = [
        ("confirmation", "0002_realmcreationkey"),
    ]
--- a/confirmation/migrations/0004_remove_confirmationmanager.py
+++ b/confirmation/migrations/0004_remove_confirmationmanager.py
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ from django.db import migrations, models


 class Migration(migrations.Migration):
+
    dependencies = [
        ("confirmation", "0003_emailchangeconfirmation"),
    ]
--- a/confirmation/migrations/0005_confirmation_realm.py
+++ b/confirmation/migrations/0005_confirmation_realm.py
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ from django.db import migrations, models


 class Migration(migrations.Migration):
+
    dependencies = [
        ("zerver", "0124_stream_enable_notifications"),
        ("confirmation", "0004_remove_confirmationmanager"),
--- a/confirmation/migrations/0006_realmcreationkey_presume_email_valid.py
+++ b/confirmation/migrations/0006_realmcreationkey_presume_email_valid.py
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ from django.db import migrations, models


 class Migration(migrations.Migration):
+
    dependencies = [
        ("confirmation", "0005_confirmation_realm"),
    ]
--- a/confirmation/migrations/0007_add_indexes.py
+++ b/confirmation/migrations/0007_add_indexes.py
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ from django.db import migrations, models


 class Migration(migrations.Migration):
+
    dependencies = [
        ("confirmation", "0006_realmcreationkey_presume_email_valid"),
    ]
--- a/confirmation/migrations/0008_confirmation_expiry_date.py
+++ b/confirmation/migrations/0008_confirmation_expiry_date.py
@@ -1,16 +0,0 @@
-from django.db import migrations, models
-
-
-class Migration(migrations.Migration):
-    dependencies = [
-        ("confirmation", "0007_add_indexes"),
-    ]
-
-    operations = [
-        migrations.AddField(
-            model_name="confirmation",
-            name="expiry_date",
-            field=models.DateTimeField(db_index=True, null=True),
-            preserve_default=False,
-        ),
-    ]
--- a/confirmation/migrations/0009_confirmation_expiry_date_backfill.py
+++ b/confirmation/migrations/0009_confirmation_expiry_date_backfill.py
@@ -1,70 +0,0 @@
-# Generated by Django 3.1.7 on 2021-03-31 20:47
-
-import time
-from datetime import timedelta
-
-from django.conf import settings
-from django.db import migrations, transaction
-from django.db.backends.base.schema import BaseDatabaseSchemaEditor
-from django.db.migrations.state import StateApps
-
-
-def set_expiry_date_for_existing_confirmations(
-    apps: StateApps, schema_editor: BaseDatabaseSchemaEditor
-) -> None:
-    Confirmation = apps.get_model("confirmation", "Confirmation")
-    if not Confirmation.objects.exists():
-        return
-
-    # The values at the time of this migration
-    INVITATION = 2
-    UNSUBSCRIBE = 4
-    MULTIUSE_INVITE = 6
-
-    @transaction.atomic
-    def backfill_confirmations_between(lower_bound: int, upper_bound: int) -> None:
-        confirmations = Confirmation.objects.filter(id__gte=lower_bound, id__lte=upper_bound)
-        for confirmation in confirmations:
-            if confirmation.type in (INVITATION, MULTIUSE_INVITE):
-                confirmation.expiry_date = confirmation.date_sent + timedelta(
-                    days=settings.INVITATION_LINK_VALIDITY_DAYS
-                )
-            elif confirmation.type == UNSUBSCRIBE:
-                # Unsubscribe links never expire, which we apparently implement as in 1M days.
-                confirmation.expiry_date = confirmation.date_sent + timedelta(days=1000000)
-            else:
-                confirmation.expiry_date = confirmation.date_sent + timedelta(
-                    days=settings.CONFIRMATION_LINK_DEFAULT_VALIDITY_DAYS
-                )
-        Confirmation.objects.bulk_update(confirmations, ["expiry_date"])
-
-    # Because the ranges in this code are inclusive, subtracting 1 offers round numbers.
-    BATCH_SIZE = 1000 - 1
-
-    first_id = Confirmation.objects.earliest("id").id
-    last_id = Confirmation.objects.latest("id").id
-
-    id_range_lower_bound = first_id
-    id_range_upper_bound = first_id + BATCH_SIZE
-    while id_range_lower_bound <= last_id:
-        print(f"Processed {id_range_lower_bound} / {last_id}")
-        backfill_confirmations_between(id_range_lower_bound, id_range_upper_bound)
-        id_range_lower_bound = id_range_upper_bound + 1
-        id_range_upper_bound = id_range_lower_bound + BATCH_SIZE
-        time.sleep(0.1)
-
-
-class Migration(migrations.Migration):
-    atomic = False
-
-    dependencies = [
-        ("confirmation", "0008_confirmation_expiry_date"),
-    ]
-
-    operations = [
-        migrations.RunPython(
-            set_expiry_date_for_existing_confirmations,
-            reverse_code=migrations.RunPython.noop,
-            elidable=True,
-        ),
-    ]
--- a/confirmation/migrations/0010_alter_confirmation_expiry_date.py
+++ b/confirmation/migrations/0010_alter_confirmation_expiry_date.py
@@ -1,17 +0,0 @@
-# Generated by Django 3.2.5 on 2021-08-02 19:03
-
-from django.db import migrations, models
-
-
-class Migration(migrations.Migration):
-    dependencies = [
-        ("confirmation", "0009_confirmation_expiry_date_backfill"),
-    ]
-
-    operations = [
-        migrations.AlterField(
-            model_name="confirmation",
-            name="expiry_date",
-            field=models.DateTimeField(db_index=True),
-        ),
-    ]
--- a/confirmation/migrations/0011_alter_confirmation_expiry_date.py
+++ b/confirmation/migrations/0011_alter_confirmation_expiry_date.py
@@ -1,17 +0,0 @@
-# Generated by Django 3.2.9 on 2021-11-30 17:44
-
-from django.db import migrations, models
-
-
-class Migration(migrations.Migration):
-    dependencies = [
-        ("confirmation", "0010_alter_confirmation_expiry_date"),
-    ]
-
-    operations = [
-        migrations.AlterField(
-            model_name="confirmation",
-            name="expiry_date",
-            field=models.DateTimeField(db_index=True, null=True),
-        ),
-    ]
--- a/confirmation/models.py
+++ b/confirmation/models.py
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ __revision__ = "$Id: models.py 28 2009-10-22 15:03:02Z jarek.zgoda $"
 import datetime
 import secrets
 from base64 import b32encode
-from typing import List, Mapping, Optional, Union
+from typing import Mapping, Optional, Union
 from urllib.parse import urljoin

 from django.conf import settings
@@ -13,25 +13,14 @@ from django.contrib.contenttypes.models import ContentType
 from django.db import models
 from django.db.models import CASCADE
 from django.http import HttpRequest, HttpResponse
-from django.template.response import TemplateResponse
+from django.shortcuts import render
 from django.urls import reverse
 from django.utils.timezone import now as timezone_now
-from typing_extensions import TypeAlias, override

-from confirmation import settings as confirmation_settings
-from zerver.lib.types import UnspecifiedValue
-from zerver.models import (
-    EmailChangeStatus,
-    MultiuseInvite,
-    PreregistrationRealm,
-    PreregistrationUser,
-    Realm,
-    RealmReactivationStatus,
-    UserProfile,
-)
+from zerver.models import EmailChangeStatus, MultiuseInvite, PreregistrationUser, Realm, UserProfile


-class ConfirmationKeyError(Exception):
+class ConfirmationKeyException(Exception):
    WRONG_LENGTH = 1
    EXPIRED = 2
    DOES_NOT_EXIST = 3
@@ -42,13 +31,13 @@ class ConfirmationKeyError(Exception):


 def render_confirmation_key_error(
-    request: HttpRequest, exception: ConfirmationKeyError
+    request: HttpRequest, exception: ConfirmationKeyException
 ) -> HttpResponse:
-    if exception.error_type == ConfirmationKeyError.WRONG_LENGTH:
-        return TemplateResponse(request, "confirmation/link_malformed.html", status=404)
-    if exception.error_type == ConfirmationKeyError.EXPIRED:
-        return TemplateResponse(request, "confirmation/link_expired.html", status=404)
-    return TemplateResponse(request, "confirmation/link_does_not_exist.html", status=404)
+    if exception.error_type == ConfirmationKeyException.WRONG_LENGTH:
+        return render(request, "confirmation/link_malformed.html")
+    if exception.error_type == ConfirmationKeyException.EXPIRED:
+        return render(request, "confirmation/link_expired.html")
+    return render(request, "confirmation/link_does_not_exist.html")


 def generate_key() -> str:
@@ -56,98 +45,48 @@ def generate_key() -> str:
    return b32encode(secrets.token_bytes(15)).decode().lower()


-ConfirmationObjT: TypeAlias = Union[
-    MultiuseInvite,
-    PreregistrationRealm,
-    PreregistrationUser,
-    EmailChangeStatus,
-    UserProfile,
-    RealmReactivationStatus,
-]
+ConfirmationObjT = Union[MultiuseInvite, PreregistrationUser, EmailChangeStatus]


 def get_object_from_key(
-    confirmation_key: str, confirmation_types: List[int], *, mark_object_used: bool
+    confirmation_key: str, confirmation_type: int, activate_object: bool = True
 ) -> ConfirmationObjT:
-    """Access a confirmation object from one of the provided confirmation
-    types with the provided key.
-
-    The mark_object_used parameter determines whether to mark the
-    confirmation object as used (which generally prevents it from
-    being used again). It should always be False for MultiuseInvite
-    objects, since they are intended to be used multiple times.
-    """
-
    # Confirmation keys used to be 40 characters
    if len(confirmation_key) not in (24, 40):
-        raise ConfirmationKeyError(ConfirmationKeyError.WRONG_LENGTH)
+        raise ConfirmationKeyException(ConfirmationKeyException.WRONG_LENGTH)
    try:
        confirmation = Confirmation.objects.get(
-            confirmation_key=confirmation_key, type__in=confirmation_types
+            confirmation_key=confirmation_key, type=confirmation_type
        )
    except Confirmation.DoesNotExist:
-        raise ConfirmationKeyError(ConfirmationKeyError.DOES_NOT_EXIST)
+        raise ConfirmationKeyException(ConfirmationKeyException.DOES_NOT_EXIST)

-    if confirmation.expiry_date is not None and timezone_now() > confirmation.expiry_date:
-        raise ConfirmationKeyError(ConfirmationKeyError.EXPIRED)
+    time_elapsed = timezone_now() - confirmation.date_sent
+    if time_elapsed.total_seconds() > _properties[confirmation.type].validity_in_days * 24 * 3600:
+        raise ConfirmationKeyException(ConfirmationKeyException.EXPIRED)

    obj = confirmation.content_object
-    assert obj is not None
-
-    used_value = confirmation_settings.STATUS_USED
-    revoked_value = confirmation_settings.STATUS_REVOKED
-    if hasattr(obj, "status") and obj.status in [used_value, revoked_value]:
-        # Confirmations where the object has the status attribute are one-time use
-        # and are marked after being used (or revoked).
-        raise ConfirmationKeyError(ConfirmationKeyError.EXPIRED)
-
-    if mark_object_used:
-        # MultiuseInvite objects do not use the STATUS_USED status, since they are
-        # intended to be used more than once.
-        assert confirmation.type != Confirmation.MULTIUSE_INVITE
-        assert hasattr(obj, "status")
-        obj.status = getattr(settings, "STATUS_USED", 1)
+    if activate_object and hasattr(obj, "status"):
+        obj.status = getattr(settings, "STATUS_ACTIVE", 1)
        obj.save(update_fields=["status"])
    return obj


 def create_confirmation_link(
-    obj: ConfirmationObjT,
-    confirmation_type: int,
-    *,
-    validity_in_minutes: Union[Optional[int], UnspecifiedValue] = UnspecifiedValue(),
-    url_args: Mapping[str, str] = {},
-    realm_creation: bool = False,
+    obj: ContentType, confirmation_type: int, url_args: Mapping[str, str] = {}
 ) -> str:
-    # validity_in_minutes is an override for the default values which are
-    # determined by the confirmation_type - its main purpose is for use
-    # in tests which may want to have control over the exact expiration time.
    key = generate_key()
-    if realm_creation:
-        realm = None
-    else:
-        assert not isinstance(obj, PreregistrationRealm)
+    realm = None
+    if hasattr(obj, "realm"):
        realm = obj.realm
-
-    current_time = timezone_now()
-    expiry_date = None
-    if not isinstance(validity_in_minutes, UnspecifiedValue):
-        if validity_in_minutes is None:
-            expiry_date = None
-        else:
-            assert validity_in_minutes is not None
-            expiry_date = current_time + datetime.timedelta(minutes=validity_in_minutes)
-    else:
-        expiry_date = current_time + datetime.timedelta(
-            days=_properties[confirmation_type].validity_in_days
-        )
+    elif isinstance(obj, Realm):
+        realm = obj

    Confirmation.objects.create(
        content_object=obj,
-        date_sent=current_time,
+        date_sent=timezone_now(),
        confirmation_key=key,
        realm=realm,
-        expiry_date=expiry_date,
        type=confirmation_type,
    )
    return confirmation_url(key, realm, confirmation_type, url_args)
@@ -169,12 +108,11 @@ def confirmation_url(

 class Confirmation(models.Model):
    content_type = models.ForeignKey(ContentType, on_delete=CASCADE)
-    object_id = models.PositiveIntegerField(db_index=True)
+    object_id: int = models.PositiveIntegerField(db_index=True)
    content_object = GenericForeignKey("content_type", "object_id")
-    date_sent = models.DateTimeField(db_index=True)
-    confirmation_key = models.CharField(max_length=40, db_index=True)
-    expiry_date = models.DateTimeField(db_index=True, null=True)
-    realm = models.ForeignKey(Realm, null=True, on_delete=CASCADE)
+    date_sent: datetime.datetime = models.DateTimeField(db_index=True)
+    confirmation_key: str = models.CharField(max_length=40, db_index=True)
+    realm: Optional[Realm] = models.ForeignKey(Realm, null=True, on_delete=CASCADE)

    # The following list is the set of valid types
    USER_REGISTRATION = 1
@@ -185,15 +123,14 @@ class Confirmation(models.Model):
    MULTIUSE_INVITE = 6
    REALM_CREATION = 7
    REALM_REACTIVATION = 8
-    type = models.PositiveSmallIntegerField()
+    type: int = models.PositiveSmallIntegerField()
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return f"<Confirmation: {self.content_object}>"

    class Meta:
        unique_together = ("type", "confirmation_key")

-    @override
-    def __str__(self) -> str:
-        return f"{self.content_object!r}"
-

 class ConfirmationType:
    def __init__(
@@ -206,9 +143,9 @@ class ConfirmationType:


 _properties = {
-    Confirmation.USER_REGISTRATION: ConfirmationType("get_prereg_key_and_redirect"),
+    Confirmation.USER_REGISTRATION: ConfirmationType("check_prereg_key_and_redirect"),
    Confirmation.INVITATION: ConfirmationType(
-        "get_prereg_key_and_redirect", validity_in_days=settings.INVITATION_LINK_VALIDITY_DAYS
+        "check_prereg_key_and_redirect", validity_in_days=settings.INVITATION_LINK_VALIDITY_DAYS
    ),
    Confirmation.EMAIL_CHANGE: ConfirmationType("confirm_email_change"),
    Confirmation.UNSUBSCRIBE: ConfirmationType(
@@ -218,7 +155,7 @@ _properties = {
    Confirmation.MULTIUSE_INVITE: ConfirmationType(
        "join", validity_in_days=settings.INVITATION_LINK_VALIDITY_DAYS
    ),
-    Confirmation.REALM_CREATION: ConfirmationType("get_prereg_key_and_redirect"),
+    Confirmation.REALM_CREATION: ConfirmationType("check_prereg_key_and_redirect"),
    Confirmation.REALM_REACTIVATION: ConfirmationType("realm_reactivation"),
 }

@@ -249,10 +186,10 @@ def validate_key(creation_key: Optional[str]) -> Optional["RealmCreationKey"]:
    try:
        key_record = RealmCreationKey.objects.get(creation_key=creation_key)
    except RealmCreationKey.DoesNotExist:
-        raise RealmCreationKey.InvalidError
+        raise RealmCreationKey.Invalid()
    time_elapsed = timezone_now() - key_record.date_created
    if time_elapsed.total_seconds() > settings.REALM_CREATION_LINK_VALIDITY_DAYS * 24 * 3600:
-        raise RealmCreationKey.InvalidError
+        raise RealmCreationKey.Invalid()
    return key_record


@@ -273,7 +210,7 @@ class RealmCreationKey(models.Model):

    # True just if we should presume the email address the user enters
    # is theirs, and skip sending mail to it to confirm that.
-    presume_email_valid = models.BooleanField(default=False)
+    presume_email_valid: bool = models.BooleanField(default=False)

-    class InvalidError(Exception):
+    class Invalid(Exception):
        pass
--- a/confirmation/settings.py
+++ b/confirmation/settings.py
@@ -2,5 +2,5 @@

 __revision__ = "$Id: settings.py 12 2008-11-23 19:38:52Z jarek.zgoda $"

-STATUS_USED = 1
+STATUS_ACTIVE = 1
 STATUS_REVOKED = 2
--- a/corporate/lib/analytics.py
+++ b/corporate/lib/analytics.py
@@ -1,39 +0,0 @@
-from decimal import Decimal
-from typing import Any, Dict
-
-from django.utils.timezone import now as timezone_now
-
-from corporate.lib.stripe import renewal_amount
-from corporate.models import Customer, CustomerPlan
-from zerver.lib.utils import assert_is_not_none
-
-
-def get_realms_with_default_discount_dict() -> Dict[str, Decimal]:
-    realms_with_default_discount: Dict[str, Any] = {}
-    customers = (
-        Customer.objects.exclude(default_discount=None)
-        .exclude(default_discount=0)
-        .exclude(realm=None)
-    )
-    for customer in customers:
-        assert customer.realm is not None
-        realms_with_default_discount[customer.realm.string_id] = assert_is_not_none(
-            customer.default_discount
-        )
-    return realms_with_default_discount
-
-
-def estimate_annual_recurring_revenue_by_realm() -> Dict[str, int]:  # nocoverage
-    annual_revenue = {}
-    for plan in CustomerPlan.objects.filter(status=CustomerPlan.ACTIVE).select_related(
-        "customer__realm"
-    ):
-        if plan.customer.realm is not None:
-            # TODO: figure out what to do for plans that don't automatically
-            # renew, but which probably will renew
-            renewal_cents = renewal_amount(plan, timezone_now())
-            if plan.billing_schedule == CustomerPlan.MONTHLY:
-                renewal_cents *= 12
-            # TODO: Decimal stuff
-            annual_revenue[plan.customer.realm.string_id] = int(renewal_cents / 100)
-    return annual_revenue
--- a/Show More
+++ b/Show More