Release Zulip Server 2.1.4.

docs: Deprecate support for Xenial and Stretch.
Also make sure our documentation for upgrading is reasonable for Stretch => Buster. Our reasoning for deprecating support for these releases is as follows: * Ubuntu 16.04 Xenial reached desktop EOL last year; and will reach EOL on the server in about a year. * Debian Stretch will each EOL in 2020 (the precise date is unclear in Debian's documentation, but based on past precedent it's in the next few months, perhaps July 2020). https://wiki.debian.org/DebianReleases#Production_Releases * Both Ubuntu 16.04 and Debian Stretch use Python 3.5 as the system Python, which will reach EOL in September 2020 (and we're already seeing various third-party dependencies that we use drop support for them). * While there is LTS support for these older releases, it's not clear it's going to be worth the added engineering effort for us to maintain EOL releases of the base OSes that we support. * We (now) have clear upgrade instructions for moving to Debian Buster and Ubuntu 18.04.
2025-10-30 19:43:47 +00:00 · 2020-04-16 15:37:51 -07:00 · 2020-04-16 15:37:20 -07:00 · 2020-04-16 14:11:45 -07:00 · 2020-04-15 16:43:47 -07:00 · 2020-04-15 15:18:53 -07:00
8521 changed files with 461703 additions and 1297824 deletions
--- a/.browserslistrc
+++ b/.browserslistrc
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+> 0.2%
+> 0.2% in US
+last 2 versions
+Firefox ESR
+not dead
+Chrome 26  # similar to PhantomJS
--- a/.circleci/config.yml
+++ b/.circleci/config.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,151 @@
+# See https://zulip.readthedocs.io/en/latest/testing/continuous-integration.html for
+#   high-level documentation on our CircleCI setup.
+# See CircleCI upstream's docs on this config format:
+#   https://circleci.com/docs/2.0/language-python/
+#
+version: 2.0
+aliases:
+  - &create_cache_directories
+    run:
+      name: create cache directories
+      command: |
+          dirs=(/srv/zulip-{npm,venv}-cache)
+          sudo mkdir -p "${dirs[@]}"
+          sudo chown -R circleci "${dirs[@]}"
+
+  - &restore_cache_package_json
+    restore_cache:
+      keys:
+      - v1-npm-base.{{ .Environment.CIRCLE_JOB }}-{{ checksum "package.json" }}-{{ checksum "yarn.lock" }}
+
+  - &restore_cache_requirements
+    restore_cache:
+      keys:
+      - v1-venv-base.{{ .Environment.CIRCLE_JOB }}-{{ checksum "requirements/thumbor.txt" }}-{{ checksum "requirements/dev.txt" }}
+
+  - &install_dependencies
+    run:
+      name: install dependencies
+      command: |
+        sudo apt-get update
+        # Install moreutils so we can use `ts` and `mispipe` in the following.
+        sudo apt-get install -y moreutils
+
+        # CircleCI sets the following in Git config at clone time:
+        #   url.ssh://git@github.com.insteadOf https://github.com
+        # This breaks the Git clones in the NVM `install.sh` we run
+        # in `install-node`.
+        # TODO: figure out why that breaks, and whether we want it.
+        #   (Is it an optimization?)
+        rm -f /home/circleci/.gitconfig
+
+        # This is the main setup job for the test suite
+        mispipe "tools/ci/setup-backend" ts
+
+        # Cleaning caches is mostly unnecessary in Circle, because
+        # most builds don't get to write to the cache.
+        # mispipe "scripts/lib/clean-unused-caches --verbose --threshold 0" ts
+
+  - &save_cache_package_json
+    save_cache:
+      paths:
+        - /srv/zulip-npm-cache
+      key: v1-npm-base.{{ .Environment.CIRCLE_JOB }}-{{ checksum "package.json" }}-{{ checksum "yarn.lock" }}
+
+  - &save_cache_requirements
+    save_cache:
+      paths:
+        - /srv/zulip-venv-cache
+      key: v1-venv-base.{{ .Environment.CIRCLE_JOB }}-{{ checksum "requirements/thumbor.txt" }}-{{ checksum "requirements/dev.txt" }}
+    # TODO: in Travis we also cache ~/zulip-emoji-cache, ~/node, ~/misc
+
+  - &run_backend_tests
+    run:
+      name: run backend tests
+      command: |
+        . /srv/zulip-py3-venv/bin/activate
+        mispipe ./tools/ci/backend ts
+
+  - &run_frontend_tests
+    run:
+      name: run frontend tests
+      command: |
+        . /srv/zulip-py3-venv/bin/activate
+        mispipe ./tools/ci/frontend ts
+
+  - &upload_coverage_report
+    run:
+     name: upload coverage report
+     command: |
+       . /srv/zulip-py3-venv/bin/activate
+       pip install codecov && codecov \
+         || echo "Error in uploading coverage reports to codecov.io."
+
+jobs:
+  "xenial-backend-frontend-python3.5":
+    docker:
+      # This is built from tools/circleci/images/xenial/Dockerfile .
+      # Xenial ships with Python 3.5.
+      - image: gregprice/circleci:xenial-python-4.test
+
+    working_directory: ~/zulip
+
+    steps:
+      - checkout
+
+      - *create_cache_directories
+      - *restore_cache_package_json
+      - *restore_cache_requirements
+      - *install_dependencies
+      - *save_cache_package_json
+      - *save_cache_requirements
+      - *run_backend_tests
+      - *run_frontend_tests
+      # We only need to upload coverage reports on whichever platform
+      # runs the frontend tests.
+      - *upload_coverage_report
+
+      - store_artifacts:
+          path: ./var/casper/
+          destination: casper
+
+      - store_artifacts:    
+          path: ../../../tmp/zulip-test-event-log/
+          destination: test-reports
+
+      - store_test_results:
+            path: ./var/xunit-test-results/casper/
+
+  "bionic-backend-python3.6":
+    docker:
+      # This is built from tools/circleci/images/bionic/Dockerfile .
+      # Bionic ships with Python 3.6.
+      - image: gregprice/circleci:bionic-python-1.test
+
+    working_directory: ~/zulip
+
+    steps:
+      - checkout
+
+      - *create_cache_directories
+
+      - run:
+          name: do Bionic hack
+          command: |
+              # Temporary hack till `sudo service redis-server start` gets fixes in Bionic. See
+              # https://chat.zulip.org/#narrow/stream/3-backend/topic/Ubuntu.20bionic.20CircleCI
+              sudo sed -i '/^bind/s/bind.*/bind 0.0.0.0/' /etc/redis/redis.conf
+
+      - *restore_cache_package_json
+      - *restore_cache_requirements
+      - *install_dependencies
+      - *save_cache_package_json
+      - *save_cache_requirements
+      - *run_backend_tests
+
+workflows:
+  version: 2
+  build:
+    jobs:
+      - "xenial-backend-frontend-python3.5"
+      - "bionic-backend-python3.6"
--- a/.codespellignore
+++ b/.codespellignore
@@ -1,30 +0,0 @@
-te
-ans
-pullrequest
-ist
-cros
-wit
-nwe
-circularly
-ned
-ba
-ressemble
-ser
-sur
-hel
-fpr
-alls
-nd
-ot
-womens
-vise
-falsy
-ro
-derails
-forin
-uper
-slac
-couldn
-ges
-assertIn
-thirdparty
--- a/.editorconfig
+++ b/.editorconfig
@@ -3,23 +3,23 @@ root = true
 [*]
 end_of_line = lf
 charset = utf-8
-indent_size = 4
-indent_style = space
-insert_final_newline = true
 trim_trailing_whitespace = true
+insert_final_newline = true

-[[shell]]
-binary_next_line = true
-switch_case_indent = true
+[*.{sh,py,pyi,js,ts,json,yml,xml,css,md,markdown,handlebars,html}]
+indent_style = space
+indent_size = 4

-[{*.{js,json,ts},check-openapi}]
-max_line_length = 100
-
-[*.{py,pyi}]
+[*.py]
 max_line_length = 110

-[*.{md,svg,rb,pp,yaml,yml}]
+[*.{js,ts}]
+max_line_length = 100
+
+[*.{svg,rb,pp,pl}]
+indent_style = space
 indent_size = 2

-[package.json]
-indent_size = 2
+[*.cfg]
+indent_style = space
+indent_size = 8
--- a/.eslintignore
+++ b/.eslintignore
@@ -4,12 +4,7 @@

 /docs/_build
 /static/generated
+/static/third
 /static/webpack-bundles
-/var/*
-!/var/puppeteer
-/var/puppeteer/*
-!/var/puppeteer/test_credentials.d.ts
-/web/generated
-/web/third
-/zulip-current-venv
+/var
 /zulip-py3-venv
--- a/.eslintrc.js
+++ b/.eslintrc.js
@@ -1,293 +0,0 @@
-"use strict";
-
-const confusingBrowserGlobals = require("confusing-browser-globals");
-
-module.exports = {
-    root: true,
-    env: {
-        es2020: true,
-        node: true,
-    },
-    extends: [
-        "eslint:recommended",
-        "plugin:import/errors",
-        "plugin:import/warnings",
-        "plugin:no-jquery/recommended",
-        "plugin:no-jquery/deprecated",
-        "plugin:unicorn/recommended",
-        "prettier",
-    ],
-    parser: "@babel/eslint-parser",
-    parserOptions: {
-        requireConfigFile: false,
-        warnOnUnsupportedTypeScriptVersion: false,
-        sourceType: "unambiguous",
-    },
-    plugins: ["formatjs", "no-jquery"],
-    settings: {
-        formatjs: {
-            additionalFunctionNames: ["$t", "$t_html"],
-        },
-        "no-jquery": {
-            collectionReturningPlugins: {
-                expectOne: "always",
-            },
-            variablePattern: "^\\$(?!t$|t_html$).",
-        },
-    },
-    reportUnusedDisableDirectives: true,
-    rules: {
-        "array-callback-return": "error",
-        "arrow-body-style": "error",
-        "block-scoped-var": "error",
-        "consistent-return": "error",
-        curly: "error",
-        "dot-notation": "error",
-        eqeqeq: "error",
-        "formatjs/enforce-default-message": ["error", "literal"],
-        "formatjs/enforce-placeholders": [
-            "error",
-            {ignoreList: ["b", "code", "em", "i", "kbd", "p", "strong"]},
-        ],
-        "formatjs/no-id": "error",
-        "guard-for-in": "error",
-        "import/extensions": "error",
-        "import/first": "error",
-        "import/newline-after-import": "error",
-        "import/no-cycle": ["error", {ignoreExternal: true}],
-        "import/no-duplicates": "error",
-        "import/no-self-import": "error",
-        "import/no-unresolved": "off",
-        "import/no-useless-path-segments": "error",
-        "import/order": ["error", {alphabetize: {order: "asc"}, "newlines-between": "always"}],
-        "import/unambiguous": "error",
-        "lines-around-directive": "error",
-        "new-cap": "error",
-        "no-alert": "error",
-        "no-array-constructor": "error",
-        "no-bitwise": "error",
-        "no-caller": "error",
-        "no-catch-shadow": "error",
-        "no-constant-condition": ["error", {checkLoops: false}],
-        "no-div-regex": "error",
-        "no-else-return": "error",
-        "no-eq-null": "error",
-        "no-eval": "error",
-        "no-implicit-coercion": "error",
-        "no-implied-eval": "error",
-        "no-inner-declarations": "off",
-        "no-iterator": "error",
-        "no-jquery/no-append-html": "error",
-        "no-jquery/no-constructor-attributes": "error",
-        "no-jquery/no-parse-html-literal": "error",
-        "no-label-var": "error",
-        "no-labels": "error",
-        "no-loop-func": "error",
-        "no-multi-str": "error",
-        "no-native-reassign": "error",
-        "no-new-func": "error",
-        "no-new-object": "error",
-        "no-new-wrappers": "error",
-        "no-octal-escape": "error",
-        "no-plusplus": "error",
-        "no-proto": "error",
-        "no-restricted-globals": ["error", ...confusingBrowserGlobals],
-        "no-return-assign": "error",
-        "no-script-url": "error",
-        "no-self-compare": "error",
-        "no-sync": "error",
-        "no-throw-literal": "error",
-        "no-undef-init": "error",
-        "no-unneeded-ternary": ["error", {defaultAssignment: false}],
-        "no-unused-expressions": "error",
-        "no-unused-vars": [
-            "error",
-            {args: "all", argsIgnorePattern: "^_", ignoreRestSiblings: true},
-        ],
-        "no-use-before-define": ["error", {functions: false}],
-        "no-useless-concat": "error",
-        "no-useless-constructor": "error",
-        "no-var": "error",
-        "object-shorthand": ["error", "always", {avoidExplicitReturnArrows: true}],
-        "one-var": ["error", "never"],
-        "prefer-arrow-callback": "error",
-        "prefer-const": ["error", {ignoreReadBeforeAssign: true}],
-        radix: "error",
-        "sort-imports": ["error", {ignoreDeclarationSort: true}],
-        "spaced-comment": ["error", "always", {markers: ["/"]}],
-        strict: "error",
-        "unicorn/consistent-function-scoping": "off",
-        "unicorn/explicit-length-check": "off",
-        "unicorn/filename-case": "off",
-        "unicorn/no-await-expression-member": "off",
-        "unicorn/no-negated-condition": "off",
-        "unicorn/no-null": "off",
-        "unicorn/no-process-exit": "off",
-        "unicorn/no-useless-undefined": "off",
-        "unicorn/numeric-separators-style": "off",
-        "unicorn/prefer-module": "off",
-        "unicorn/prefer-node-protocol": "off",
-        "unicorn/prefer-string-raw": "off",
-        "unicorn/prefer-ternary": "off",
-        "unicorn/prefer-top-level-await": "off",
-        "unicorn/prevent-abbreviations": "off",
-        "unicorn/switch-case-braces": "off",
-        "valid-typeof": ["error", {requireStringLiterals: true}],
-        yoda: "error",
-    },
-    overrides: [
-        {
-            files: ["web/tests/**"],
-            rules: {
-                "no-jquery/no-selector-prop": "off",
-            },
-        },
-        {
-            files: ["web/e2e-tests/**"],
-            globals: {
-                zulip_test: false,
-            },
-        },
-        {
-            files: ["web/src/**"],
-            globals: {
-                StripeCheckout: false,
-            },
-        },
-        {
-            files: ["**/*.ts"],
-            extends: [
-                "plugin:@typescript-eslint/strict-type-checked",
-                "plugin:@typescript-eslint/stylistic-type-checked",
-                "plugin:import/typescript",
-            ],
-            parserOptions: {
-                project: "tsconfig.json",
-            },
-            settings: {
-                "import/resolver": {
-                    node: {
-                        extensions: [".ts", ".d.ts", ".js"], // https://github.com/import-js/eslint-plugin-import/issues/2267
-                    },
-                },
-            },
-            globals: {
-                JQuery: false,
-            },
-            rules: {
-                // Disable base rule to avoid conflict
-                "no-use-before-define": "off",
-
-                "@typescript-eslint/consistent-type-assertions": [
-                    "error",
-                    {assertionStyle: "never"},
-                ],
-                "@typescript-eslint/consistent-type-definitions": ["error", "type"],
-                "@typescript-eslint/consistent-type-imports": "error",
-                "@typescript-eslint/explicit-function-return-type": [
-                    "error",
-                    {allowExpressions: true},
-                ],
-                "@typescript-eslint/member-ordering": "error",
-                "@typescript-eslint/method-signature-style": "error",
-                "@typescript-eslint/no-non-null-assertion": "off",
-                "@typescript-eslint/no-unnecessary-condition": "off",
-                "@typescript-eslint/no-unnecessary-qualifier": "error",
-                "@typescript-eslint/no-unused-vars": [
-                    "error",
-                    {args: "all", argsIgnorePattern: "^_", ignoreRestSiblings: true},
-                ],
-                "@typescript-eslint/no-use-before-define": ["error", {functions: false}],
-                "@typescript-eslint/parameter-properties": "error",
-                "@typescript-eslint/promise-function-async": "error",
-                "@typescript-eslint/restrict-plus-operands": ["error", {}],
-                "@typescript-eslint/restrict-template-expressions": ["error", {}],
-                "no-undef": "error",
-            },
-        },
-        {
-            files: ["**/*.d.ts"],
-            rules: {
-                "import/unambiguous": "off",
-            },
-        },
-        {
-            files: ["web/e2e-tests/**", "web/tests/**"],
-            globals: {
-                CSS: false,
-                document: false,
-                navigator: false,
-                window: false,
-            },
-            rules: {
-                "formatjs/no-id": "off",
-                "new-cap": "off",
-                "no-sync": "off",
-                "unicorn/prefer-prototype-methods": "off",
-            },
-        },
-        {
-            files: ["web/debug-require.js"],
-            env: {
-                browser: true,
-                es2020: false,
-            },
-            rules: {
-                // Don’t require ES features that PhantomJS doesn’t support
-                // TODO: Toggle these settings now that we don't use PhantomJS
-                "no-var": "off",
-                "object-shorthand": "off",
-                "prefer-arrow-callback": "off",
-            },
-        },
-        {
-            files: ["web/shared/**", "web/src/**", "web/third/**"],
-            env: {
-                browser: true,
-                node: false,
-            },
-            globals: {
-                DEVELOPMENT: false,
-                ZULIP_VERSION: false,
-            },
-            rules: {
-                "no-console": "error",
-            },
-            settings: {
-                "import/resolver": {
-                    webpack: {
-                        config: "./web/webpack.config.ts",
-                    },
-                },
-            },
-        },
-        {
-            files: ["web/shared/**"],
-            env: {
-                browser: false,
-                "shared-node-browser": true,
-            },
-            rules: {
-                "import/no-restricted-paths": [
-                    "error",
-                    {
-                        zones: [
-                            {
-                                target: "./web/shared",
-                                from: ".",
-                                except: ["./node_modules", "./web/shared"],
-                            },
-                        ],
-                    },
-                ],
-                "unicorn/prefer-string-replace-all": "off",
-            },
-        },
-        {
-            files: ["web/server/**"],
-            env: {
-                node: true,
-            },
-        },
-    ],
-};
--- a/.eslintrc.json
+++ b/.eslintrc.json
@@ -0,0 +1,496 @@
+{
+    "env": {
+        "node": true,
+        "es6": true
+    },
+    "parserOptions": {
+        "ecmaVersion": 2019,
+        "warnOnUnsupportedTypeScriptVersion": false,
+        "sourceType": "module"
+    },
+    "globals": {
+        "$": false,
+        "ClipboardJS": false,
+        "Dict": false,
+        "FetchStatus": false,
+        "Filter": false,
+        "Handlebars": false,
+        "LightboxCanvas": false,
+        "MessageListData": false,
+        "MessageListView": false,
+        "Plotly": false,
+        "SockJS": false,
+        "Socket": false,
+        "Sortable": false,
+        "WinChan": false,
+        "XDate": false,
+        "_": false,
+        "activity": false,
+        "admin": false,
+        "alert_words": false,
+        "alert_words_ui": false,
+        "attachments_ui": false,
+        "avatar": false,
+        "billing": false,
+        "blueslip": false,
+        "bot_data": false,
+        "bridge": false,
+        "buddy_data": false,
+        "buddy_list": false,
+        "channel": false,
+        "click_handlers": false,
+        "color_data": false,
+        "colorspace": false,
+        "common": false,
+        "components": false,
+        "compose": false,
+        "compose_actions": false,
+        "compose_fade": false,
+        "compose_pm_pill": false,
+        "compose_state": false,
+        "compose_ui": false,
+        "composebox_typeahead": false,
+        "condense": false,
+        "confirm_dialog": false,
+        "copy_and_paste": false,
+        "csrf_token": false,
+        "current_msg_list": true,
+        "drafts": false,
+        "echo": false,
+        "emoji": false,
+        "emoji_codes": false,
+        "emoji_picker": false,
+        "favicon": false,
+        "feature_flags": false,
+        "feedback_widget": false,
+        "fenced_code": false,
+        "flatpickr": false,
+        "floating_recipient_bar": false,
+        "gear_menu": false,
+        "hash_util": false,
+        "hashchange": false,
+        "helpers": false,
+        "history": false,
+        "home_msg_list": false,
+        "hotspots": false,
+        "i18n": false,
+        "info_overlay": false,
+        "input_pill": false,
+        "invite": false,
+        "jQuery": false,
+        "katex": false,
+        "keydown_util": false,
+        "lightbox": false,
+        "list_cursor": false,
+        "list_render": false,
+        "list_util": false,
+        "loading": false,
+        "localStorage": false,
+        "local_message": false,
+        "localstorage": false,
+        "location": false,
+        "markdown": false,
+        "marked": false,
+        "md5": false,
+        "message_edit": false,
+        "message_events": false,
+        "message_fetch": false,
+        "message_flags": false,
+        "message_list": false,
+        "message_live_update": false,
+        "message_scroll": false,
+        "message_store": false,
+        "message_util": false,
+        "message_viewport": false,
+        "moment": false,
+        "muting": false,
+        "muting_ui": false,
+        "narrow": false,
+        "narrow_state": false,
+        "navigate": false,
+        "night_mode": false,
+        "notifications": false,
+        "overlays": false,
+        "padded_widget": false,
+        "page_params": false,
+        "panels": false,
+        "people": false,
+        "pm_conversations": false,
+        "pm_list": false,
+        "pointer": false,
+        "popovers": false,
+        "presence": false,
+        "pygments_data": false,
+        "reactions": false,
+        "realm_icon": false,
+        "realm_logo": false,
+        "realm_night_logo": false,
+        "recent_senders": false,
+        "reload": false,
+        "reload_state": false,
+        "reminder": false,
+        "resize": false,
+        "rows": false,
+        "rtl": false,
+        "run_test": false,
+        "schema": false,
+        "scroll_bar": false,
+        "scroll_util": false,
+        "search": false,
+        "search_pill": false,
+        "search_pill_widget": false,
+        "search_suggestion": false,
+        "search_util": false,
+        "sent_messages": false,
+        "server_events": false,
+        "server_events_dispatch": false,
+        "settings": false,
+        "settings_account": false,
+        "settings_bots": false,
+        "settings_display": false,
+        "settings_emoji": false,
+        "settings_exports": false,
+        "settings_linkifiers": false,
+        "settings_invites": false,
+        "settings_muting": false,
+        "settings_notifications": false,
+        "settings_org": false,
+        "settings_panel_menu": false,
+        "settings_profile_fields": false,
+        "settings_sections": false,
+        "settings_streams": false,
+        "settings_toggle": false,
+        "settings_ui": false,
+        "settings_user_groups": false,
+        "settings_users": false,
+        "starred_messages": false,
+        "stream_color": false,
+        "stream_create": false,
+        "stream_data": false,
+        "stream_edit": false,
+        "stream_events": false,
+        "stream_list": false,
+        "stream_muting": false,
+        "stream_popover": false,
+        "stream_sort": false,
+        "stream_ui_updates": false,
+        "StripeCheckout": false,
+        "submessage": false,
+        "subs": false,
+        "tab_bar": false,
+        "templates": false,
+        "tictactoe_widget": false,
+        "timerender": false,
+        "todo_widget": false,
+        "top_left_corner": false,
+        "topic_data": false,
+        "topic_generator": false,
+        "topic_list": false,
+        "topic_zoom": false,
+        "transmit": false,
+        "tutorial": false,
+        "typeahead_helper": false,
+        "typing": false,
+        "typing_data": false,
+        "typing_events": false,
+        "ui": false,
+        "ui_init": false,
+        "ui_report": false,
+        "ui_util": false,
+        "unread": false,
+        "unread_ops": false,
+        "unread_ui": false,
+        "upgrade": false,
+        "upload": false,
+        "upload_widget": false,
+        "user_events": false,
+        "user_groups": false,
+        "user_pill": false,
+        "user_search": false,
+        "user_status": false,
+        "user_status_ui": false,
+        "util": false,
+        "poll_widget": false,
+        "widgetize": false,
+        "zcommand": false,
+        "zform": false,
+        "zxcvbn": false
+    },
+    "plugins": [
+        "eslint-plugin-empty-returns"
+    ],
+    "rules": {
+        "array-callback-return": "error",
+        "array-bracket-spacing": "error",
+        "arrow-spacing": [ "error", { "before": true, "after": true } ],
+        "block-scoped-var": "error",
+        "brace-style": [ "error", "1tbs", { "allowSingleLine": true } ],
+        "camelcase": "off",
+        "comma-dangle": [ "error",
+            {
+                "arrays": "always-multiline",
+                "objects": "always-multiline",
+                "imports": "always-multiline",
+                "exports": "always-multiline",
+                "functions": "never"
+            }
+        ],
+        "comma-spacing": [ "error",
+            {
+                "before": false,
+                "after": true
+            }
+        ],
+        "complexity": [ "off", 4 ],
+        "curly": "error",
+        "dot-notation": [ "error", { "allowKeywords": true } ],
+        "empty-returns/main": "error",
+        "eol-last": [ "error", "always" ],
+        "eqeqeq": "error",
+        "func-style": [ "off", "expression" ],
+        "guard-for-in": "error",
+        "indent": ["error", 4, {
+            "ArrayExpression": "first",
+            "ObjectExpression": "first",
+            "SwitchCase": 0,
+            "CallExpression": {"arguments": "first"},
+            "FunctionExpression": {"parameters": "first"},
+            "FunctionDeclaration": {"parameters": "first"}
+        }],
+        "key-spacing": [ "error",
+            {
+                "beforeColon": false,
+                "afterColon": true
+            }
+        ],
+        "keyword-spacing": [ "error",
+            {
+                "before": true,
+                "after": true,
+                "overrides": {
+                    "return": { "after": true },
+                    "throw": { "after": true },
+                    "case": { "after": true }
+                }
+            }
+        ],
+        "max-depth": [ "off", 4 ],
+        "max-len": [ "error", 100, 2,
+            {
+                "ignoreUrls": true,
+                "ignoreComments": false,
+                "ignoreRegExpLiterals": true,
+                "ignoreStrings": true,
+                "ignoreTemplateLiterals": true
+            }
+        ],
+        "max-params": [ "off", 3 ],
+        "max-statements": [ "off", 10 ],
+        "new-cap": [ "error",
+            {
+                "newIsCap": true,
+                "capIsNew": false
+            }
+        ],
+        "new-parens": "error",
+        "newline-per-chained-call": "off",
+        "no-alert": "error",
+        "no-array-constructor": "error",
+        "no-bitwise": "error",
+        "no-caller": "error",
+        "no-case-declarations": "error",
+        "no-catch-shadow": "error",
+        "no-console": "off",
+        "no-const-assign": "error",
+        "no-control-regex": "error",
+        "no-debugger": "error",
+        "no-delete-var": "error",
+        "no-div-regex": "error",
+        "no-dupe-class-members": "error",
+        "no-dupe-keys": "error",
+        "no-duplicate-imports": "error",
+        "no-else-return": "error",
+        "no-empty": "error",
+        "no-empty-character-class": "error",
+        "no-eq-null": "error",
+        "no-eval": "error",
+        "no-ex-assign": "error",
+        "no-extra-parens": ["error", "all"],
+        "no-extra-semi": "error",
+        "no-fallthrough": "error",
+        "no-floating-decimal": "error",
+        "no-func-assign": "error",
+        "no-implied-eval": "error",
+        "no-iterator": "error",
+        "no-label-var": "error",
+        "no-labels": "error",
+        "no-loop-func": "error",
+        "no-mixed-requires": [ "off", false ],
+        "no-multi-str": "error",
+        "no-native-reassign": "error",
+        "no-nested-ternary": "off",
+        "no-new-func": "error",
+        "no-new-object": "error",
+        "no-new-wrappers": "error",
+        "no-obj-calls": "error",
+        "no-octal": "error",
+        "no-octal-escape": "error",
+        "no-param-reassign": "off",
+        "no-plusplus": "error",
+        "no-proto": "error",
+        "no-redeclare": "error",
+        "no-regex-spaces": "error",
+        "no-restricted-syntax": "off",
+        "no-return-assign": "error",
+        "no-script-url": "error",
+        "no-self-compare": "error",
+        "no-shadow": "off",
+        "no-sync": "error",
+        "no-ternary": "off",
+        "no-trailing-spaces": "error",
+        "no-undef": "error",
+        "no-undef-init": "error",
+        "no-underscore-dangle": "off",
+        "no-unneeded-ternary": [ "error", { "defaultAssignment": false } ],
+        "no-unreachable": "error",
+        "no-unused-expressions": "error",
+        "no-unused-vars": [ "error",
+            {
+                "vars": "local",
+                "args": "after-used",
+                "varsIgnorePattern": "print_elapsed_time|check_duplicate_ids"
+            }
+        ],
+        "no-use-before-define": "error",
+        "no-useless-constructor": "error",
+        // The Zulip codebase complies partially with the "no-useless-escape"
+        // rule; only regex expressions haven't been updated yet.
+        // Updated regex expressions are currently being tested in casper
+        // files and will decide about a potential future enforcement of this rule.
+        "no-useless-escape": "off",
+        "no-var": "error",
+        "space-unary-ops": "error",
+        "no-whitespace-before-property": "error",
+        "no-with": "error",
+        "one-var": [ "error", "never" ],
+        "padded-blocks": "off",
+        "prefer-const": [ "error",
+            {
+                "destructuring": "any",
+                "ignoreReadBeforeAssign": true
+            }
+        ],
+        "quote-props": [ "error", "as-needed",
+            {
+                "keywords": false,
+                "unnecessary": true,
+                "numbers": false
+            }
+        ],
+        "quotes": [ "off", "single" ],
+        "radix": "error",
+        "semi": "error",
+        "semi-spacing": ["error", {"before": false, "after": true}],
+        "sort-imports": "error",
+        "space-before-blocks": "error",
+        "space-before-function-paren": [ "error",
+            {
+                "anonymous": "always",
+                "named": "never",
+                "asyncArrow": "always"
+            }
+        ],
+        "space-in-parens": "error",
+        "space-infix-ops": "error",
+        "spaced-comment": "off",
+        "strict": "off",
+        "template-curly-spacing": "error",
+        "unnecessary-strict": "off",
+        "use-isnan": "error",
+        "valid-typeof": [ "error", { "requireStringLiterals": true } ],
+        "wrap-iife": [ "error", "outside", { "functionPrototypeMethods": false } ],
+        "wrap-regex": "off",
+        "yoda": "error"
+    },
+    "overrides": [
+        {
+            "files": [
+                "frontend_tests/casper_tests/*.js",
+                "frontend_tests/casper_lib/*.js"
+            ],
+            "rules": {
+                "no-var": "off" // PhantomJS doesn’t support let, const
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "files": ["**/*.ts"],
+            "parser": "@typescript-eslint/parser",
+            "parserOptions": {
+                "project": "tsconfig.json"
+            },
+            "plugins": ["@typescript-eslint"],
+            "rules": {
+                // Disable base rule to avoid conflict
+                "empty-returns/main": "off",
+                "indent": "off",
+                "func-call-spacing": "off",
+                "no-magic-numbers": "off",
+                "semi": "off",
+                "no-unused-vars": "off",
+                "no-useless-constructor": "off",
+
+                "@typescript-eslint/adjacent-overload-signatures": "error",
+                "@typescript-eslint/array-type": "error",
+                "@typescript-eslint/await-thenable": "error",
+                "@typescript-eslint/ban-types": "error",
+                "@typescript-eslint/ban-ts-ignore": "off",
+                "@typescript-eslint/camelcase": "off",
+                "@typescript-eslint/class-name-casing": "error",
+                "@typescript-eslint/consistent-type-assertions": "error",
+                "@typescript-eslint/explicit-function-return-type": ["error", { "allowExpressions": true }],
+                "@typescript-eslint/explicit-member-accessibility": "off",
+                "@typescript-eslint/func-call-spacing": "error",
+                "@typescript-eslint/generic-type-naming": "off",
+                "@typescript-eslint/indent": "error",
+                "@typescript-eslint/interface-name-prefix": "off",
+                "@typescript-eslint/member-delimiter-style": "error",
+                "@typescript-eslint/member-naming": ["error", { "private": "^_" } ],
+                "@typescript-eslint/member-ordering": "error",
+                "@typescript-eslint/no-array-constructor": "error",
+                "@typescript-eslint/no-empty-interface": "error",
+                "@typescript-eslint/no-explicit-any": "off",
+                "@typescript-eslint/no-extraneous-class": "error",
+                "@typescript-eslint/no-for-in-array": "off",
+                "@typescript-eslint/no-inferrable-types": "error",
+                "@typescript-eslint/no-magic-numbers": "off",
+                "@typescript-eslint/no-misused-new": "error",
+                "@typescript-eslint/no-namespace": "error",
+                "@typescript-eslint/no-non-null-assertion": "off",
+                "@typescript-eslint/no-parameter-properties": "error",
+                "@typescript-eslint/no-require-imports": "off",
+                "@typescript-eslint/no-this-alias": "off",
+                "@typescript-eslint/no-type-alias": "off",
+                "@typescript-eslint/no-unnecessary-qualifier": "error",
+                "@typescript-eslint/no-unnecessary-type-assertion": "error",
+                "@typescript-eslint/no-unused-vars": ["error", { "varsIgnorePattern": "^_" } ],
+                "@typescript-eslint/no-use-before-define": "error",
+                "@typescript-eslint/no-useless-constructor": "error",
+                "@typescript-eslint/no-var-requires": "off",
+                "@typescript-eslint/prefer-for-of": "off",
+                "@typescript-eslint/prefer-function-type": "off",
+                "@typescript-eslint/prefer-includes": "error",
+                "@typescript-eslint/prefer-interface": "off",
+                "@typescript-eslint/prefer-namespace-keyword": "error",
+                "@typescript-eslint/prefer-regexp-exec": "error",
+                "@typescript-eslint/prefer-string-starts-ends-with": "error",
+                "@typescript-eslint/promise-function-async": "error",
+                "@typescript-eslint/restrict-plus-operands": "off",
+                "@typescript-eslint/semi": "error",
+                "@typescript-eslint/triple-slash-reference": "error",
+                "@typescript-eslint/type-annotation-spacing": "error",
+                "@typescript-eslint/unbound-method": "off",
+                "@typescript-eslint/unified-signatures": "error"
+            }
+        }
+    ]
+}
--- a/.gitattributes
+++ b/.gitattributes
@@ -1,19 +1,4 @@
-# DIFFS: Noise suppression.
-#
-# Suppress noisy generated files in diffs.
-# (When you actually want to see these diffs, use `git diff -a`.)
-
-# Large test fixtures:
-corporate/tests/stripe_fixtures/*.json -diff
-
-
-# FORMATTING
-
-# Maintain LF (Unix-style) newlines in text files.
 *   text=auto eol=lf
-
-# Make sure various media files never get somehow auto-detected as text
-# and then newline-converted.
 *.gif binary
 *.jpg binary
 *.jpeg binary
@@ -26,7 +11,3 @@ corporate/tests/stripe_fixtures/*.json -diff
 *.otf binary
 *.tif binary
 *.ogg binary
-*.bson binary
-*.bmp binary
-*.mp3 binary
-*.pdf binary
--- a/.github/FUNDING.yml
+++ b/.github/FUNDING.yml
@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-github: zulip
-patreon: zulip
-open_collective: zulip
--- a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/1_discussed_on_czo.md
+++ b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/1_discussed_on_czo.md
@@ -1,10 +0,0 @@
---
-name: Issue discussed in the Zulip development community
-about: Bug report, feature or improvement already discussed on chat.zulip.org.
---
-
-<!-- Issue description -->
-
-<!-- Link to a message in the chat.zulip.org discussion. Message links will still work even if the topic is renamed or resolved. Link back to this issue from the chat.zulip.org thread. -->
-
-CZO thread
--- a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/2_bug_report.md
+++ b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/2_bug_report.md
@@ -1,18 +0,0 @@
---
-name: Bug report
-about: A concrete bug report with steps to reproduce the behavior. (See also "Possible bug" below.)
-labels: ["bug"]
---
-
-<!-- Describe what you were expecting to see, what you saw instead, and steps to take in order to reproduce the buggy behavior. Screenshots can be helpful. -->
-
-<!-- Check the box for the version of Zulip you are using (see https://zulip.com/help/view-zulip-version).-->
-
-**Zulip Server and web app version:**
-
- [ ] Zulip Cloud (`*.zulipchat.com`)
- [ ] Zulip Server 8.0+
- [ ] Zulip Server 7.0+
- [ ] Zulip Server 6.0+
- [ ] Zulip Server 5.0 or older
- [ ] Other or not sure
--- a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/3_feature_request.md
+++ b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/3_feature_request.md
@@ -1,6 +0,0 @@
---
-name: Feature or improvement request
-about: A specific proposal for a new feature of improvement. (See also "Feature suggestion or feedback" below.)
---
-
-<!-- Describe the proposal, including how it would help you or your organization. -->
--- a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/config.yml
+++ b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/config.yml
@@ -1,14 +0,0 @@
-blank_issues_enabled: true
-contact_links:
-  - name: Possible bug
-    url: https://zulip.readthedocs.io/en/latest/contributing/reporting-bugs.html
-    about: Report unexpected behavior that may be a bug.
-  - name: Feature suggestion or feedback
-    url: https://zulip.readthedocs.io/en/latest/contributing/suggesting-features.html
-    about: Start a discussion about your idea for improving Zulip.
-  - name: Issue with running or upgrading a Zulip server
-    url: https://zulip.readthedocs.io/en/latest/production/troubleshooting.html
-    about: We provide free, interactive support for the vast majority of questions about running a Zulip server.
-  - name: Other support requests and sales questions
-    url: https://zulip.com/help/contact-support
-    about: Contact us — we're happy to help!
--- a/.github/pull_request_template.md
+++ b/.github/pull_request_template.md
@@ -1,43 +1,14 @@
-<!-- Describe your pull request here.-->
+<!-- What's this PR for?  (Just a link to an issue is fine.) -->

-Fixes: <!-- Issue link, or clear description.-->

-<!-- If the PR makes UI changes, always include one or more still screenshots to demonstrate your changes. If it seems helpful, add a screen capture of the new functionality as well.
+**Testing Plan:** <!-- How have you tested? -->

-Tooling tips: https://zulip.readthedocs.io/en/latest/tutorials/screenshot-and-gif-software.html
-->

-**Screenshots and screen captures:**
+**GIFs or Screenshots:** <!-- If a UI change.  See:
+  https://zulip.readthedocs.io/en/latest/tutorials/screenshot-and-gif-software.html
+  -->

-<details>
-<summary>Self-review checklist</summary>

-<!-- Prior to submitting a PR, follow our step-by-step guide to review your own code:
-https://zulip.readthedocs.io/en/latest/contributing/code-reviewing.html#how-to-review-code -->
-
-<!-- Once you create the PR, check off all the steps below that you have completed.
-If any of these steps are not relevant or you have not completed, leave them unchecked.-->
-
- [ ] [Self-reviewed](https://zulip.readthedocs.io/en/latest/contributing/code-reviewing.html#how-to-review-code) the changes for clarity and maintainability
-      (variable names, code reuse, readability, etc.).
-
-Communicate decisions, questions, and potential concerns.
-
- [ ] Explains differences from previous plans (e.g., issue description).
- [ ] Highlights technical choices and bugs encountered.
- [ ] Calls out remaining decisions and concerns.
- [ ] Automated tests verify logic where appropriate.
-
-Individual commits are ready for review (see [commit discipline](https://zulip.readthedocs.io/en/latest/contributing/commit-discipline.html)).
-
- [ ] Each commit is a coherent idea.
- [ ] Commit message(s) explain reasoning and motivation for changes.
-
-Completed manual review and testing of the following:
-
- [ ] Visual appearance of the changes.
- [ ] Responsiveness and internationalization.
- [ ] Strings and tooltips.
- [ ] End-to-end functionality of buttons, interactions and flows.
- [ ] Corner cases, error conditions, and easily imagined bugs.
-</details>
+<!-- Also be sure to make clear, coherent commits:
+  https://zulip.readthedocs.io/en/latest/contributing/version-control.html
+  -->
--- a/.github/workflows/codeql-analysis.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/codeql-analysis.yml
@@ -1,40 +0,0 @@
-name: "Code scanning"
-
-on:
-  push:
-    branches: ["*.x", chat.zulip.org, main]
-    tags: ["*"]
-  pull_request:
-    branches: ["*.x", chat.zulip.org, main]
-  workflow_dispatch:
-
-concurrency:
-  group: "${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.head_ref || github.run_id }}"
-  cancel-in-progress: true
-
-permissions:
-  contents: read
-
-jobs:
-  CodeQL:
-    permissions:
-      actions: read # for github/codeql-action/init to get workflow details
-      contents: read # for actions/checkout to fetch code
-      security-events: write # for github/codeql-action/analyze to upload SARIF results
-    if: ${{!github.event.repository.private}}
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-
-    steps:
-      - name: Check out repository
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
-
-      # Initializes the CodeQL tools for scanning.
-      - name: Initialize CodeQL
-        uses: github/codeql-action/init@v3
-
-        # Override language selection by uncommenting this and choosing your languages
-        # with:
-        #   languages: go, javascript, csharp, python, cpp, java
-
-      - name: Perform CodeQL Analysis
-        uses: github/codeql-action/analyze@v3
--- a/.github/workflows/production-suite.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/production-suite.yml
@@ -1,307 +0,0 @@
-name: Zulip production suite
-
-on:
-  push:
-    branches: ["*.x", chat.zulip.org, main]
-    tags: ["*"]
-  pull_request:
-    paths:
-      - .github/workflows/production-suite.yml
-      - "**/migrations/**"
-      - manage.py
-      - pnpm-lock.yaml
-      - puppet/**
-      - requirements/**
-      - scripts/**
-      - tools/**
-      - web/babel.config.js
-      - web/postcss.config.js
-      - web/third/**
-      - web/webpack.config.ts
-      - zerver/worker/queue_processors.py
-      - zerver/lib/push_notifications.py
-      - zerver/decorator.py
-      - zproject/**
-  workflow_dispatch:
-
-concurrency:
-  group: "${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.head_ref || github.run_id }}"
-  cancel-in-progress: true
-
-defaults:
-  run:
-    shell: bash
-
-permissions:
-  contents: read
-
-jobs:
-  production_build:
-    # This job builds a release tarball from the current commit, which
-    # will be used for all of the following install/upgrade tests.
-    name: Ubuntu 22.04 production build
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-
-    # Docker images are built from 'tools/ci/Dockerfile'; the comments at
-    # the top explain how to build and upload these images.
-    # Ubuntu 22.04 ships with Python 3.10.12.
-    container: zulip/ci:jammy
-
-    steps:
-      - name: Add required permissions
-        run: |
-          # The checkout actions doesn't clone to ~/zulip or allow
-          # us to use the path option to clone outside the current
-          # /__w/zulip/zulip directory. Since this directory is owned
-          # by root we need to change it's ownership to allow the
-          # github user to clone the code here.
-          # Note: /__w/ is a docker volume mounted to $GITHUB_WORKSPACE
-          # which is /home/runner/work/.
-          sudo chown -R github .
-
-          # This is the GitHub Actions specific cache directory the
-          # the current github user must be able to access for the
-          # cache action to work. It is owned by root currently.
-          sudo chmod -R 0777 /__w/_temp/
-
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
-
-      - name: Create cache directories
-        run: |
-          dirs=(/srv/zulip-{venv,emoji}-cache)
-          sudo mkdir -p "${dirs[@]}"
-          sudo chown -R github "${dirs[@]}"
-
-      - name: Restore pnpm store
-        uses: actions/cache@v4
-        with:
-          path: /__w/.pnpm-store
-          key: v1-pnpm-store-jammy-${{ hashFiles('pnpm-lock.yaml') }}
-
-      - name: Restore python cache
-        uses: actions/cache@v4
-        with:
-          path: /srv/zulip-venv-cache
-          key: v1-venv-jammy-${{ hashFiles('requirements/dev.txt') }}
-          restore-keys: v1-venv-jammy
-
-      - name: Restore emoji cache
-        uses: actions/cache@v4
-        with:
-          path: /srv/zulip-emoji-cache
-          key: v1-emoji-jammy-${{ hashFiles('tools/setup/emoji/emoji_map.json') }}-${{ hashFiles('tools/setup/emoji/build_emoji') }}-${{ hashFiles('tools/setup/emoji/emoji_setup_utils.py') }}-${{ hashFiles('tools/setup/emoji/emoji_names.py') }}-${{ hashFiles('package.json') }}
-          restore-keys: v1-emoji-jammy
-
-      - name: Build production tarball
-        run: ./tools/ci/production-build
-
-      - name: Upload production build artifacts for install jobs
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
-        with:
-          name: production-tarball
-          path: /tmp/production-build
-          retention-days: 1
-
-      - name: Verify pnpm store path
-        run: |
-          set -x
-          path="$(pnpm store path)"
-          [[ "$path" == /__w/.pnpm-store/* ]]
-
-      - name: Generate failure report string
-        id: failure_report_string
-        if: ${{ failure() && github.repository == 'zulip/zulip' && github.event_name == 'push' }}
-        run: tools/ci/generate-failure-message >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
-
-      - name: Report status to CZO
-        if: ${{ failure() && github.repository == 'zulip/zulip' && github.event_name == 'push' }}
-        uses: zulip/github-actions-zulip/send-message@v1
-        with:
-          api-key: ${{ secrets.ZULIP_BOT_KEY }}
-          email: "github-actions-bot@chat.zulip.org"
-          organization-url: "https://chat.zulip.org"
-          to: "automated testing"
-          topic: ${{ steps.failure_report_string.outputs.topic }}
-          type: "stream"
-          content: ${{ steps.failure_report_string.outputs.content }}
-
-  production_install:
-    # This job installs the server release tarball built above on a
-    # range of platforms, and does some basic health checks on the
-    # resulting installer Zulip server.
-    strategy:
-      fail-fast: false
-      matrix:
-        include:
-          # Docker images are built from 'tools/ci/Dockerfile'; the comments at
-          # the top explain how to build and upload these images.
-          - docker_image: zulip/ci:jammy
-            name: Ubuntu 22.04 production install and PostgreSQL upgrade with pgroonga
-            os: jammy
-            extra-args: ""
-
-          - docker_image: zulip/ci:noble
-            name: Ubuntu 24.04 production install
-            os: noble
-            extra-args: ""
-
-          - docker_image: zulip/ci:bookworm
-            name: Debian 12 production install with custom db name and user
-            os: bookworm
-            extra-args: --test-custom-db
-
-    name: ${{ matrix.name  }}
-    container:
-      image: ${{ matrix.docker_image }}
-      options: --init
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    needs: production_build
-
-    steps:
-      - name: Download built production tarball
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
-        with:
-          name: production-tarball
-          path: /tmp
-
-      - name: Add required permissions and setup
-        run: |
-          # This is the GitHub Actions specific cache directory the
-          # the current github user must be able to access for the
-          # cache action to work. It is owned by root currently.
-          sudo chmod -R 0777 /__w/_temp/
-
-          # Since actions/download-artifact@v4 loses all the permissions
-          # of the tarball uploaded by the upload artifact fix those.
-          chmod +x /tmp/production-upgrade-pg
-          chmod +x /tmp/production-pgroonga
-          chmod +x /tmp/production-install
-          chmod +x /tmp/production-verify
-          chmod +x /tmp/generate-failure-message
-
-      - name: Create cache directories
-        run: |
-          dirs=(/srv/zulip-{venv,emoji}-cache)
-          sudo mkdir -p "${dirs[@]}"
-          sudo chown -R github "${dirs[@]}"
-
-      - name: Install production
-        run: sudo /tmp/production-install ${{ matrix.extra-args }}
-
-      - name: Verify install
-        run: sudo /tmp/production-verify ${{ matrix.extra-args }}
-
-      - name: Install pgroonga
-        if: ${{ matrix.os == 'jammy' }}
-        run: sudo /tmp/production-pgroonga
-
-      - name: Verify install after installing pgroonga
-        if: ${{ matrix.os == 'jammy' }}
-        run: sudo /tmp/production-verify ${{ matrix.extra-args }}
-
-      - name: Upgrade postgresql
-        if: ${{ matrix.os == 'jammy' }}
-        run: sudo /tmp/production-upgrade-pg
-
-      - name: Verify install after upgrading postgresql
-        if: ${{ matrix.os == 'jammy' }}
-        run: sudo /tmp/production-verify ${{ matrix.extra-args }}
-
-      - name: Generate failure report string
-        id: failure_report_string
-        if: ${{ failure() && github.repository == 'zulip/zulip' && github.event_name == 'push' }}
-        run: /tmp/generate-failure-message >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
-
-      - name: Report status to CZO
-        if: ${{ failure() && github.repository == 'zulip/zulip' && github.event_name == 'push' }}
-        uses: zulip/github-actions-zulip/send-message@v1
-        with:
-          api-key: ${{ secrets.ZULIP_BOT_KEY }}
-          email: "github-actions-bot@chat.zulip.org"
-          organization-url: "https://chat.zulip.org"
-          to: "automated testing"
-          topic: ${{ steps.failure_report_string.outputs.topic }}
-          type: "stream"
-          content: ${{ steps.failure_report_string.outputs.content }}
-
-  production_upgrade:
-    # The production upgrade job starts with a container with a
-    # previous Zulip release installed, and attempts to upgrade it to
-    # the release tarball built for the current commit being tested.
-    #
-    # This is intended to catch bugs that result in the upgrade
-    # process failing.
-    strategy:
-      fail-fast: false
-      matrix:
-        include:
-          # Docker images are built from 'tools/ci/Dockerfile.prod'; the comments at
-          # the top explain how to build and upload these images.
-          - docker_image: zulip/ci:jammy-6.0
-            name: 6.0 Version Upgrade
-            os: jammy
-          - docker_image: zulip/ci:bookworm-7.0
-            name: 7.0 Version Upgrade
-            os: bookworm
-          - docker_image: zulip/ci:bookworm-8.0
-            name: 8.0 Version Upgrade
-            os: bookworm
-
-    name: ${{ matrix.name  }}
-    container:
-      image: ${{ matrix.docker_image }}
-      options: --init
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    needs: production_build
-
-    steps:
-      - name: Download built production tarball
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
-        with:
-          name: production-tarball
-          path: /tmp
-
-      - name: Add required permissions and setup
-        run: |
-          # This is the GitHub Actions specific cache directory the
-          # the current github user must be able to access for the
-          # cache action to work. It is owned by root currently.
-          sudo chmod -R 0777 /__w/_temp/
-
-          # Since actions/download-artifact@v4 loses all the permissions
-          # of the tarball uploaded by the upload artifact fix those.
-          chmod +x /tmp/production-upgrade
-          chmod +x /tmp/production-verify
-          chmod +x /tmp/generate-failure-message
-
-      - name: Create cache directories
-        run: |
-          dirs=(/srv/zulip-{venv,emoji}-cache)
-          sudo mkdir -p "${dirs[@]}"
-          sudo chown -R github "${dirs[@]}"
-
-      - name: Upgrade production
-        run: sudo /tmp/production-upgrade
-
-        # TODO: We should be running production-verify here, but it
-        # doesn't pass yet.
-        #
-        # - name: Verify install
-        #   run: sudo /tmp/production-verify
-
-      - name: Generate failure report string
-        id: failure_report_string
-        if: ${{ failure() && github.repository == 'zulip/zulip' && github.event_name == 'push' }}
-        run: /tmp/generate-failure-message >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
-
-      - name: Report status to CZO
-        if: ${{ failure() && github.repository == 'zulip/zulip' && github.event_name == 'push' }}
-        uses: zulip/github-actions-zulip/send-message@v1
-        with:
-          api-key: ${{ secrets.ZULIP_BOT_KEY }}
-          email: "github-actions-bot@chat.zulip.org"
-          organization-url: "https://chat.zulip.org"
-          to: "automated testing"
-          topic: ${{ steps.failure_report_string.outputs.topic }}
-          type: "stream"
-          content: ${{ steps.failure_report_string.outputs.content }}
--- a/.github/workflows/update-oneclick-apps.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/update-oneclick-apps.yml
@@ -1,27 +0,0 @@
-name: Update one click apps
-on:
-  release:
-    types: [published]
-permissions:
-  contents: read
-
-jobs:
-  update-digitalocean-oneclick-app:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
-      - name: Update DigitalOcean one click app
-        env:
-          DIGITALOCEAN_API_KEY: ${{ secrets.ONE_CLICK_ACTION_DIGITALOCEAN_API_KEY }}
-          ZULIP_API_KEY: ${{ secrets.ONE_CLICK_ACTION_ZULIP_BOT_API_KEY }}
-          ZULIP_EMAIL: ${{ secrets.ONE_CLICK_ACTION_ZULIP_BOT_EMAIL }}
-          ZULIP_SITE: https://chat.zulip.org
-          ONE_CLICK_ACTION_STREAM: kandra ops
-          PYTHON_DIGITALOCEAN_REQUEST_TIMEOUT_SEC: 30
-          RELEASE_VERSION: ${{ github.event.release.tag_name }}
-        run: |
-          export PATH="$HOME/.local/bin:$PATH"
-          git clone https://github.com/zulip/marketplace-partners
-          pip3 install python-digitalocean zulip fab-classic PyNaCl
-          echo $PATH
-          python3 tools/oneclickapps/prepare_digital_ocean_one_click_app_release.py
--- a/.github/workflows/zulip-ci.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/zulip-ci.yml
@@ -1,266 +0,0 @@
-# NOTE: Everything test in this file should be in `tools/test-all`.  If there's a
-# reason not to run it there, it should be there as a comment
-# explaining why.
-
-name: Zulip CI
-
-on:
-  push:
-    branches: ["*.x", chat.zulip.org, main]
-    tags: ["*"]
-  pull_request:
-  workflow_dispatch:
-
-concurrency:
-  group: "${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.head_ref || github.run_id }}"
-  cancel-in-progress: true
-
-defaults:
-  run:
-    shell: bash
-
-permissions:
-  contents: read
-
-jobs:
-  tests:
-    strategy:
-      fail-fast: false
-      matrix:
-        include:
-          # Base images are built using `tools/ci/Dockerfile.prod.template`.
-          # The comments at the top explain how to build and upload these images.
-          # Ubuntu 22.04 ships with Python 3.10.12.
-          - docker_image: zulip/ci:jammy
-            name: Ubuntu 22.04 (Python 3.10, backend + frontend)
-            os: jammy
-            include_documentation_tests: false
-            include_frontend_tests: true
-          # Debian 12 ships with Python 3.11.2.
-          - docker_image: zulip/ci:bookworm
-            name: Debian 12 (Python 3.11, backend + documentation)
-            os: bookworm
-            include_documentation_tests: true
-            include_frontend_tests: false
-          # Ubuntu 24.04 ships with Python 3.12.2.
-          - docker_image: zulip/ci:noble
-            name: Ubuntu 24.04 (Python 3.12, backend)
-            os: noble
-            include_documentation_tests: false
-            include_frontend_tests: false
-
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    name: ${{ matrix.name }}
-    container: ${{ matrix.docker_image }}
-    env:
-      # GitHub Actions sets HOME to /github/home which causes
-      # problem later in provision and frontend test that runs
-      # tools/setup/postgresql-init-dev-db because of the .pgpass
-      # location. PostgreSQL (psql) expects .pgpass to be at
-      # /home/github/.pgpass and setting home to `/home/github/`
-      # ensures it written there because we write it to ~/.pgpass.
-      HOME: /home/github/
-
-    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
-
-      - name: Create cache directories
-        run: |
-          dirs=(/srv/zulip-{venv,emoji}-cache)
-          sudo mkdir -p "${dirs[@]}"
-          sudo chown -R github "${dirs[@]}"
-
-      - name: Restore pnpm store
-        uses: actions/cache@v4
-        with:
-          path: /__w/.pnpm-store
-          key: v1-pnpm-store-${{ matrix.os }}-${{ hashFiles('pnpm-lock.yaml') }}
-
-      - name: Restore python cache
-        uses: actions/cache@v4
-        with:
-          path: /srv/zulip-venv-cache
-          key: v1-venv-${{ matrix.os }}-${{ hashFiles('requirements/dev.txt') }}
-          restore-keys: v1-venv-${{ matrix.os }}
-
-      - name: Restore emoji cache
-        uses: actions/cache@v4
-        with:
-          path: /srv/zulip-emoji-cache
-          key: v1-emoji-${{ matrix.os }}-${{ hashFiles('tools/setup/emoji/emoji_map.json', 'tools/setup/emoji/build_emoji', 'tools/setup/emoji/emoji_setup_utils.py', 'tools/setup/emoji/emoji_names.py', 'package.json') }}
-          restore-keys: v1-emoji-${{ matrix.os }}
-
-      - name: Install dependencies
-        run: |
-          # This is the main setup job for the test suite
-          ./tools/ci/setup-backend --skip-dev-db-build
-          scripts/lib/clean_unused_caches.py --verbose --threshold=0
-
-      - name: Run tools test
-        run: |
-          source tools/ci/activate-venv
-          ./tools/test-tools
-
-      - name: Run Codespell lint
-        run: |
-          source tools/ci/activate-venv
-          ./tools/run-codespell
-
-      # We run the tests that are only run in a specific job early, so
-      # that we get feedback to the developer about likely failures as
-      # quickly as possible. Backend/mypy failures that aren't
-      # identical across different versions are much more rare than
-      # frontend linter or node test failures.
-      - name: Run documentation and api tests
-        if: ${{ matrix.include_documentation_tests }}
-        run: |
-          source tools/ci/activate-venv
-          # In CI, we only test links we control in test-documentation to avoid flakes
-          ./tools/test-documentation --skip-external-links
-          ./tools/test-help-documentation --skip-external-links
-          ./tools/test-api
-
-      - name: Run node tests
-        if: ${{ matrix.include_frontend_tests }}
-        run: |
-          source tools/ci/activate-venv
-          # Run the node tests first, since they're fast and deterministic
-          ./tools/test-js-with-node --coverage --parallel=1
-
-      - name: Run frontend lint
-        if: ${{ matrix.include_frontend_tests }}
-        run: |
-          source tools/ci/activate-venv
-          ./tools/lint --groups=frontend --skip=gitlint # gitlint disabled because flaky
-
-      - name: Check schemas
-        if: ${{ matrix.include_frontend_tests }}
-        run: |
-          source tools/ci/activate-venv
-          # Check that various schemas are consistent. (is fast)
-          ./tools/check-schemas
-
-      - name: Check capitalization of strings
-        if: ${{ matrix.include_frontend_tests }}
-        run: |
-          source tools/ci/activate-venv
-          ./manage.py makemessages --locale en
-          PYTHONWARNINGS=ignore ./tools/check-capitalization --no-generate
-          PYTHONWARNINGS=ignore ./tools/check-frontend-i18n --no-generate
-
-      - name: Run puppeteer tests
-        if: ${{ matrix.include_frontend_tests }}
-        run: |
-          source tools/ci/activate-venv
-          ./tools/test-js-with-puppeteer
-
-      - name: Check pnpm dedupe
-        if: ${{ matrix.include_frontend_tests }}
-        run: pnpm dedupe --check
-
-      - name: Run backend lint
-        run: |
-          source tools/ci/activate-venv
-          echo "Test suite is running under $(python --version)."
-          ./tools/lint --groups=backend --skip=gitlint,mypy # gitlint disabled because flaky
-
-      - name: Run backend tests
-        run: |
-          source tools/ci/activate-venv
-          ./tools/test-backend ${{ matrix.os != 'bookworm' && '--coverage' || '' }} --xml-report --no-html-report --include-webhooks --include-transaction-tests --no-cov-cleanup --ban-console-output
-
-      - name: Run mypy
-        run: |
-          source tools/ci/activate-venv
-          # We run mypy after the backend tests so we get output from the
-          # backend tests, which tend to uncover more serious problems, first.
-          ./tools/run-mypy --version
-          ./tools/run-mypy
-
-      - name: Run miscellaneous tests
-        run: |
-          source tools/ci/activate-venv
-
-          # Currently our compiled requirements files will differ for different
-          # Python versions, so we will run test-locked-requirements only on the
-          # platform with the oldest one.
-          # ./tools/test-locked-requirements
-          # ./tools/test-run-dev  # https://github.com/zulip/zulip/pull/14233
-          #
-          # This test has been persistently flaky at like 1% frequency, is slow,
-          # and is for a very specific single feature, so we don't run it by default:
-          # ./tools/test-queue-worker-reload
-
-          ./tools/test-migrations
-          ./tools/setup/optimize-svg --check
-          ./tools/setup/generate_integration_bots_avatars.py --check-missing
-          ./tools/ci/check-executables
-
-          # Ban check-database-compatibility from transitively
-          # relying on static/generated, because it might not be
-          # up-to-date at that point in upgrade-zulip-stage-2.
-          chmod 000 static/generated web/generated
-          ./scripts/lib/check-database-compatibility
-          chmod 755 static/generated web/generated
-
-      - name: Check for untracked files
-        run: |
-          source tools/ci/activate-venv
-          # This final check looks for untracked files that may have been
-          # created by test-backend or provision.
-          untracked="$(git ls-files --exclude-standard --others)"
-          if [ -n "$untracked" ]; then
-              printf >&2 "Error: untracked files:\n%s\n" "$untracked"
-              exit 1
-          fi
-
-      - name: Test locked requirements
-        if: ${{ matrix.os == 'jammy' }}
-        run: |
-          . /srv/zulip-py3-venv/bin/activate && \
-          ./tools/test-locked-requirements
-
-      - name: Upload coverage reports
-
-        # Only upload coverage when both frontend and backend
-        # tests are run.
-        if: ${{ matrix.include_frontend_tests }}
-        uses: codecov/codecov-action@v4
-        with:
-          files: var/coverage.xml,var/node-coverage/lcov.info
-          token: ${{ secrets.CODECOV_TOKEN }}
-
-      - name: Store Puppeteer artifacts
-        # Upload these on failure, as well
-        if: ${{ always() && matrix.include_frontend_tests }}
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
-        with:
-          name: puppeteer
-          path: ./var/puppeteer
-          retention-days: 60
-
-      - name: Check development database build
-        run: ./tools/ci/setup-backend
-
-      - name: Verify pnpm store path
-        run: |
-          set -x
-          path="$(pnpm store path)"
-          [[ "$path" == /__w/.pnpm-store/* ]]
-
-      - name: Generate failure report string
-        id: failure_report_string
-        if: ${{ failure() && github.repository == 'zulip/zulip' && github.event_name == 'push' }}
-        run: tools/ci/generate-failure-message >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
-
-      - name: Report status to CZO
-        if: ${{ failure() && github.repository == 'zulip/zulip' && github.event_name == 'push' }}
-        uses: zulip/github-actions-zulip/send-message@v1
-        with:
-          api-key: ${{ secrets.ZULIP_BOT_KEY }}
-          email: "github-actions-bot@chat.zulip.org"
-          organization-url: "https://chat.zulip.org"
-          to: "automated testing"
-          topic: ${{ steps.failure_report_string.outputs.topic }}
-          type: "stream"
-          content: ${{ steps.failure_report_string.outputs.content }}
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -17,27 +17,22 @@
 # See `git help ignore` for details on the format.

 ## Config files for the dev environment
-/zproject/apns-dev.pem
-/zproject/apns-dev-key.p8
 /zproject/dev-secrets.conf
-/zproject/custom_dev_settings.py
 /tools/conf.ini
 /tools/custom_provision
 /tools/droplets/conf.ini

 ## Byproducts of setting up and using the dev environment
 *.pyc
-*.tsbuildinfo
 package-lock.json

 /.vagrant
-/var/*
-!/var/puppeteer
-/var/puppeteer/*
-!/var/puppeteer/test_credentials.d.ts
+/var

 /.dmypy.json
-/.ruff_cache
+
+# Dockerfiles generated for CircleCI
+/tools/circleci/images

 # Generated i18n data
 /locale/en
@@ -48,11 +43,11 @@ package-lock.json
 # Static build
 *.mo
 npm-debug.log
-/.pnpm-store
 /node_modules
 /prod-static
 /staticfiles.json
 /webpack-stats-production.json
+/yarn-error.log
 zulip-git-version

 # Test / analysis tools
@@ -75,21 +70,13 @@ zulip.kdev4
 *.kate-swp
 *.sublime-project
 *.sublime-workspace
+.vscode/
 *.DS_Store
-# VS Code. Avoid checking in .vscode in general, while still specifying
-# recommended extensions for working with this repository.
-/.vscode/**/*
-!/.vscode/extensions.json
-# .cache/ is generated by VS Code test runner
+# .cache/ is generated by VSCode's test runner
 .cache/
 .eslintcache

-# Core dump files
-core
-
-# Static generated files for landing page.
-/static/images/landing-page/hello/generated
-
 ## Miscellaneous
 # (Ideally this section is empty.)
+zthumbor/thumbor_local_settings.py
 .transifexrc
--- a/.gitlint
+++ b/.gitlint
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
 [general]
-ignore=title-trailing-punctuation, body-min-length, body-is-missing
+ignore=title-trailing-punctuation, body-min-length, body-is-missing, title-imperative-mood

-extra-path=tools/lib/gitlint_rules.py
+extra-path=tools/lib/gitlint-rules.py

-[title-match-regex]
+[title-match-regex-allow-exception]
 regex=^(.+:\ )?[A-Z].+\.$

 [title-max-length]
-line-length=72
+line-length=76

 [body-max-line-length]
 line-length=76
--- a/.isort.cfg
+++ b/.isort.cfg
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+[settings]
+line_length = 79
+multi_line_output = 2
+balanced_wrapping = true
+known_third_party = django, ujson, sqlalchemy
+known_first_party = zerver, zproject, version, confirmation, zilencer, analytics, frontend_tests, scripts, corporate
+sections = FUTURE, STDLIB, THIRDPARTY, FIRSTPARTY, LOCALFOLDER
+lines_after_imports = 1
+# See the comment related to ioloop_logging for why this is skipped.
+skip = zerver/management/commands/runtornado.py
--- a/.mailmap
+++ b/.mailmap
@@ -1,164 +0,0 @@
-# This file teaches `git log` and friends the canonical names
-# and email addresses to use for our contributors.
-#
-# For details on the format, see:
-#   https://git.github.io/htmldocs/gitmailmap.html
-#
-# Handy commands for examining or adding to this file:
-#
-#     # shows all names/emails after mapping, sorted:
-#   $ git shortlog -es | sort -k2
-#
-#     # shows raw names/emails, filtered by mapped name:
-#   $ git log --format='%an %ae' --author=$NAME | uniq -c
-
-acrefoot <acrefoot@zulip.com> <acrefoot@alum.mit.edu>
-acrefoot <acrefoot@zulip.com> <acrefoot@dropbox.com>
-acrefoot <acrefoot@zulip.com> <acrefoot@humbughq.com>
-Adam Benesh <Adam.Benesh@gmail.com>
-Adam Benesh <Adam.Benesh@gmail.com> <Adam-Daniel.Benesh@t-systems.com>
-Adarsh Tiwari <xoldyckk@gmail.com>
-Aditya Chaudhary <aditya.chaudhary1558@gmail.com>
-Adnan Shabbir Husain <generaladnan139@gmail.com>
-Adnan Shabbir Husain <generaladnan139@gmail.com> <78212328+adnan-td@users.noreply.github.com>
-Alex Vandiver <alexmv@zulip.com> <alex@chmrr.net>
-Alex Vandiver <alexmv@zulip.com> <github@chmrr.net>
-Allen Rabinovich <allenrabinovich@yahoo.com> <allenr@humbughq.com>
-Allen Rabinovich <allenrabinovich@yahoo.com> <allenr@zulip.com>
-Alya Abbott <alya@zulip.com> <2090066+alya@users.noreply.github.com>
-Alya Abbott <alya@zulip.com> <alyaabbott@elance-odesk.com>
-Aman Agrawal <amanagr@zulip.com>
-Aman Agrawal <amanagr@zulip.com> <f2016561@pilani.bits-pilani.ac.in>
-Anders Kaseorg <anders@zulip.com> <anders@zulipchat.com>
-Anders Kaseorg <anders@zulip.com> <andersk@mit.edu>
-aparna-bhatt <aparnabhatt2001@gmail.com> <86338542+aparna-bhatt@users.noreply.github.com>
-Aryan Bhokare <aryan1bhokare@gmail.com>
-Aryan Bhokare <aryan1bhokare@gmail.com> <92683836+aryan-bhokare@users.noreply.github.com>
-Aryan Shridhar <aryanshridhar7@gmail.com>
-Aryan Shridhar <aryanshridhar7@gmail.com> <53977614+aryanshridhar@users.noreply.github.com>
-Ashwat Kumar Singh <ashwat.kumarsingh.met20@itbhu.ac.in>
-Austin Riba <austin@zulip.com> <austin@m51.io>
-Bedo Khaled <bedokhaled66@gmail.com>
-Bedo Khaled <bedokhaled66@gmail.com> <64221784+abdelrahman725@users.noreply.github.com>
-BIKI DAS <bikid475@gmail.com>
-Brijmohan Siyag <brijsiyag@gmail.com>
-Brock Whittaker <whittakerbrock@gmail.com> <bjwhitta@asu.edu>
-Brock Whittaker <whittakerbrock@gmail.com> <brock@zulip.com>
-Brock Whittaker <whittakerbrock@gmail.com> <brock@zulip.org>
-Brock Whittaker <whittakerbrock@gmail.com> <brock@zulipchat.org>
-Brock Whittaker <whittakerbrock@gmail.com> <brockwhittaker@Brocks-MacBook.local>
-Chris Bobbe <cbobbe@zulip.com> <cbobbe@zulipchat.com>
-Chris Bobbe <cbobbe@zulip.com> <csbobbe@gmail.com>
-codewithnick <nikhilsingh526452@gmail.com>
-Danny Su <contact@dannysu.com> <opensource@emailengine.org>
-Dhruv Goyal <dhruvgoyal.dev@gmail.com>
-Dinesh <chdinesh1089@gmail.com>
-Dinesh <chdinesh1089@gmail.com> <chdinesh1089>
-Eeshan Garg <eeshan@zulip.com> <jerryguitarist@gmail.com>
-Eric Smith <erwsmith@gmail.com> <99841919+erwsmith@users.noreply.github.com>
-Evy Kassirer <evy@zulip.com>
-Evy Kassirer <evy@zulip.com> <evy.kassirer@gmail.com>
-Evy Kassirer <evy@zulip.com> <evykassirer@users.noreply.github.com>
-Ganesh Pawar <pawarg256@gmail.com> <58626718+ganpa3@users.noreply.github.com>
-Greg Price <greg@zulip.com> <gnprice@gmail.com>
-Greg Price <greg@zulip.com> <greg@zulipchat.com>
-Greg Price <greg@zulip.com> <price@mit.edu>
-Hardik Dharmani <Ddharmani99@gmail.com> <ddharmani99@gmail.com>
-Hemant Umre <hemantumre12@gmail.com> <87542880+HemantUmre12@users.noreply.github.com>
-Jai soni <jai_s@me.iitr.ac.in>
-Jai soni <jai_s@me.iitr.ac.in> <76561593+jai2201@users.noreply.github.com>
-Jeff Arnold <jbarnold@gmail.com> <jbarnold@humbughq.com>
-Jeff Arnold <jbarnold@gmail.com> <jbarnold@zulip.com>
-Jessica McKellar <jesstess@mit.edu> <jesstess@humbughq.com>
-Jessica McKellar <jesstess@mit.edu> <jesstess@zulip.com>
-John Lu <JohnLu10212004@gmail.com>
-John Lu <JohnLu10212004@gmail.com> <87673068+JohnLu2004@users.noreply.github.com>
-Joseph Ho <josephho678@gmail.com>
-Joseph Ho <josephho678@gmail.com> <62449508+Joelute@users.noreply.github.com>
-Julia Bichler <julia.bichler@tum.de> <74348920+juliaBichler01@users.noreply.github.com>
-Karl Stolley <karl@zulip.com> <karl@stolley.dev>
-Kevin Mehall <km@kevinmehall.net> <kevin@humbughq.com>
-Kevin Mehall <km@kevinmehall.net> <kevin@zulip.com>
-Kevin Scott <kevin.scott.98@gmail.com>
-Kislay Verma <kislayuv27@gmail.com>
-Kunal Sharma <v.shm.kunal@gmail.com>
-Lalit Kumar Singh <lalitkumarsingh3716@gmail.com>
-Lalit Kumar Singh <lalitkumarsingh3716@gmail.com> <lalits01@smartek21.com>
-Lauryn Menard <lauryn@zulip.com> <63245456+laurynmm@users.noreply.github.com>
-Lauryn Menard <lauryn@zulip.com> <lauryn.menard@gmail.com>
-m-e-l-u-h-a-n <purushottam.tiwari.cd.cse19@itbhu.ac.in>
-m-e-l-u-h-a-n <purushottam.tiwari.cd.cse19@itbhu.ac.in> <pururshottam.tiwari.cd.cse19@itbhu.ac.in>
-Mateusz Mandera <mateusz.mandera@zulip.com> <mateusz.mandera@protonmail.com>
-Matt Keller <matt@zulip.com>
-Matt Keller <matt@zulip.com> <m@cognusion.com>
-Nehal Sharma <bablinaneh@gmail.com>
-Nehal Sharma <bablinaneh@gmail.com> <68962290+N-Shar-ma@users.noreply.github.com>
-Nimish Medatwal <medatwalnimish@gmail.com>
-Noble Mittal <noblemittal@outlook.com> <62551163+beingnoble03@users.noreply.github.com>
-nzai <nzaih18@gmail.com> <70953556+nzaih1999@users.noreply.github.com>
-Palash Baderia <palash.baderia@outlook.com>
-Palash Baderia <palash.baderia@outlook.com> <66828942+palashb01@users.noreply.github.com>
-Palash Raghuwanshi <singhpalash0@gmail.com>
-Parth <mittalparth22@gmail.com>
-Pratik Chanda <pratikchanda2000@gmail.com>
-Pratik Solanki <pratiksolanki2021@gmail.com>
-Priyam Seth <sethpriyam1@gmail.com> <b19188@students.iitmandi.ac.in>
-Ray Kraesig <rkraesig@zulip.com> <rkraesig@zulipchat.com>
-Reid Barton <rwbarton@gmail.com> <rwbarton@humbughq.com>
-Rein Zustand (rht) <rhtbot@protonmail.com>
-Rishabh Maheshwari <b20063@students.iitmandi.ac.in>
-Rishi Gupta <rishig@zulipchat.com> <rishig+git@mit.edu>
-Rishi Gupta <rishig@zulipchat.com> <rishig@kandralabs.com>
-Rishi Gupta <rishig@zulipchat.com> <rishig@users.noreply.github.com>
-Rixant Rokaha <rixantrokaha@gmail.com>
-Rixant Rokaha <rixantrokaha@gmail.com> <rishantrokaha@gmail.com>
-Rixant Rokaha <rixantrokaha@gmail.com> <rrokaha@caldwell.edu>
-Rohan Gudimetla <rohan.gudimetla07@gmail.com>
-Sahil Batra <sahil@zulip.com> <35494118+sahil839@users.noreply.github.com>
-Sahil Batra <sahil@zulip.com> <sahilbatra839@gmail.com>
-Sanchit Sharma <ssharmas10662@gmail.com>
-Satyam Bansal <sbansal1999@gmail.com>
-Sayam Samal <samal.sayam@gmail.com>
-Scott Feeney <scott@oceanbase.org> <scott@humbughq.com>
-Scott Feeney <scott@oceanbase.org> <scott@zulip.com>
-Shashank Singh <21bec103@iiitdmj.ac.in>
-Shlok Patel <shlokcpatel2001@gmail.com>
-Shu Chen <shu@zulip.com>
-Shubham Padia <shubham@zulip.com>
-Shubham Padia <shubham@zulip.com> <shubham@glints.com>
-Somesh Ranjan <somesh.ranjan.met20@itbhu.ac.in> <77766761+somesh202@users.noreply.github.com>
-Steve Howell <showell@zulip.com> <showell30@yahoo.com>
-Steve Howell <showell@zulip.com> <showell@yahoo.com>
-Steve Howell <showell@zulip.com> <showell@zulipchat.com>
-Steve Howell <showell@zulip.com> <steve@humbughq.com>
-Steve Howell <showell@zulip.com> <steve@zulip.com>
-strifel <info@strifel.de>
-Sujal Shah <sujalshah28092004@gmail.com>
-Tanmay Kumar <tnmdotkr@gmail.com>
-Tanmay Kumar <tnmdotkr@gmail.com> <133781250+tnmkr@users.noreply.github.com>
-Tim Abbott <tabbott@zulip.com>
-Tim Abbott <tabbott@zulip.com> <tabbott@dropbox.com>
-Tim Abbott <tabbott@zulip.com> <tabbott@humbughq.com>
-Tim Abbott <tabbott@zulip.com> <tabbott@mit.edu>
-Tim Abbott <tabbott@zulip.com> <tabbott@zulipchat.com>
-Tomasz Kolek <tomasz-kolek@o2.pl> <tomasz-kolek@go2.pl>
-Ujjawal Modi <umodi2003@gmail.com> <99073049+Ujjawal3@users.noreply.github.com>
-umkay <ukhan@zulipchat.com> <umaimah.k@gmail.com>
-umkay <ukhan@zulipchat.com> <umkay@users.noreply.github.com>
-Viktor Illmer <1476338+v-ji@users.noreply.github.com>
-Vishnu KS <vishnu@zulip.com> <hackerkid@vishnuks.com>
-Vishnu KS <vishnu@zulip.com> <yo@vishnuks.com>
-Waseem Daher <wdaher@zulip.com> <wdaher@dropbox.com>
-Waseem Daher <wdaher@zulip.com> <wdaher@humbughq.com>
-Yash RE <33805964+YashRE42@users.noreply.github.com>
-Yash RE <33805964+YashRE42@users.noreply.github.com> <YashRE42@github.com>
-Yogesh Sirsat <yogeshsirsat56@gmail.com>
-Yogesh Sirsat <yogeshsirsat56@gmail.com> <41695888+yogesh-sirsat@users.noreply.github.com>
-Zeeshan Equbal <equbalzeeshan@gmail.com>
-Zeeshan Equbal <equbalzeeshan@gmail.com> <54993043+zee-bit@users.noreply.github.com>
-Zev Benjamin <zev@zulip.com> <zev@dropbox.com>
-Zev Benjamin <zev@zulip.com> <zev@humbughq.com>
-Zev Benjamin <zev@zulip.com> <zev@mit.edu>
-Zixuan James Li <p359101898@gmail.com>
-Zixuan James Li <p359101898@gmail.com> <359101898@qq.com>
-Zixuan James Li <p359101898@gmail.com> <39874143+PIG208@users.noreply.github.com>
--- a/.npmrc
+++ b/.npmrc
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-ignore-dep-scripts=true
--- a/.prettierignore
+++ b/.prettierignore
@@ -1,17 +0,0 @@
-pnpm-lock.yaml
-/api_docs/**/*.md
-/corporate/tests/stripe_fixtures
-/help/**/*.md
-/locale
-/templates/**/*.md
-/tools/setup/emoji/emoji_map.json
-/web/third/*
-!/web/third/marked
-/web/third/marked/*
-!/web/third/marked/lib
-/web/third/marked/lib/*
-!/web/third/marked/lib/marked.d.ts
-/zerver/tests/fixtures
-/zerver/webhooks/*/doc.md
-/zerver/webhooks/github/githubsponsors.md
-/zerver/webhooks/*/fixtures
--- a/.pyre_configuration
+++ b/.pyre_configuration
@@ -1,15 +0,0 @@
-{
-  "source_directories": ["."],
-  "taint_models_path": [
-      "stubs/taint",
-      "zulip-py3-venv/lib/pyre_check/taint/"
-  ],
-  "search_path": [
-      "stubs/",
-      "zulip-py3-venv/lib/pyre_check/stubs/"
-  ],
-  "typeshed": "zulip-py3-venv/lib/pyre_check/typeshed/",
-  "exclude": [
-      "/srv/zulip/zulip-py3-venv/.*"
-  ]
-}
--- a/.readthedocs.yaml
+++ b/.readthedocs.yaml
@@ -1,15 +0,0 @@
-# https://docs.readthedocs.io/en/stable/config-file/v2.html
-version: 2
-
-build:
-  os: ubuntu-22.04
-  tools:
-    python: "3.10"
-
-sphinx:
-  configuration: docs/conf.py
-  fail_on_warning: true
-
-python:
-  install:
-    - requirements: requirements/docs.txt
--- a/.sonarcloud.properties
+++ b/.sonarcloud.properties
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-sonar.inclusions=**/*.py,**/*.html
--- a/.stylelintrc
+++ b/.stylelintrc
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+{
+    "rules": {
+        # Stylistic rules for CSS.
+        "function-comma-space-after": "always",
+        "function-comma-space-before": "never",
+        "function-max-empty-lines": 0,
+        "function-whitespace-after": "always",
+
+        "value-keyword-case": "lower",
+        "value-list-comma-newline-after": "always-multi-line",
+        "value-list-comma-space-after": "always-single-line",
+        "value-list-comma-space-before": "never",
+        "value-list-max-empty-lines": 0,
+
+        "unit-case": "lower",
+        "property-case": "lower",
+        "color-hex-case": "lower",
+
+        "declaration-bang-space-before": "always",
+        "declaration-colon-newline-after": "always-multi-line",
+        "declaration-colon-space-after": "always-single-line",
+        "declaration-colon-space-before": "never",
+        "declaration-block-semicolon-newline-after": "always",
+        "declaration-block-semicolon-space-before": "never",
+        "declaration-block-trailing-semicolon": "always",
+
+        "block-closing-brace-empty-line-before": "never",
+        "block-closing-brace-newline-after": "always",
+        "block-closing-brace-newline-before": "always",
+        "block-opening-brace-newline-after": "always",
+        "block-opening-brace-space-before": "always",
+
+        "selector-attribute-brackets-space-inside": "never",
+        "selector-attribute-operator-space-after": "never",
+        "selector-attribute-operator-space-before": "never",
+        "selector-combinator-space-after": "always",
+        "selector-combinator-space-before": "always",
+        "selector-descendant-combinator-no-non-space": true,
+        "selector-pseudo-class-parentheses-space-inside": "never",
+        "selector-pseudo-element-case": "lower",
+        "selector-pseudo-element-colon-notation": "double",
+        "selector-type-case": "lower",
+        "selector-list-comma-newline-after": "always",
+        "selector-list-comma-space-before": "never",
+
+        "media-feature-colon-space-after": "always",
+        "media-feature-colon-space-before": "never",
+        "media-feature-name-case": "lower",
+        "media-feature-parentheses-space-inside": "never",
+        "media-feature-range-operator-space-after": "always",
+        "media-feature-range-operator-space-before": "always",
+        "media-query-list-comma-newline-after": "always",
+        "media-query-list-comma-space-before": "never",
+
+        "at-rule-name-case": "lower",
+        "at-rule-name-space-after": "always",
+        "at-rule-semicolon-newline-after": "always",
+        "at-rule-semicolon-space-before": "never",
+
+        "comment-whitespace-inside": "always",
+        "indentation": 4,
+        
+        # Limit language features
+        "color-no-hex": true,
+        "color-named": "never",
+    }
+}
--- a/.travis.yml
+++ b/.travis.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+# See https://zulip.readthedocs.io/en/latest/testing/continuous-integration.html for
+# high-level documentation on our Travis CI setup.
+dist: xenial
+install:
+  # Disable sometimes-broken sources.list in Travis base images
+  - sudo rm -vf /etc/apt/sources.list.d/*
+  - sudo apt-get update
+
+  # Disable Travis CI's built-in NVM installation
+  - mispipe "mv ~/.nvm ~/.travis-nvm-disabled" ts
+
+  # Install codecov, the library for the code coverage reporting tool we use
+  # With a retry to minimize impact of transient networking errors.
+  - mispipe "pip install codecov" ts || mispipe "pip install codecov" ts
+
+  # This is the main setup job for the test suite
+  - mispipe "tools/ci/setup-$TEST_SUITE" ts
+
+  # Clean any caches that are not in use to avoid our cache
+  # becoming huge.
+  - mispipe "scripts/lib/clean-unused-caches --verbose --threshold 0" ts
+
+script:
+  # We unset GEM_PATH here as a hack to work around Travis CI having
+  # broken running their system puppet with Ruby.  See
+  # https://travis-ci.org/zulip/zulip/jobs/240120991 for an example traceback.
+  - unset GEM_PATH
+  - mispipe "./tools/ci/$TEST_SUITE" ts
+cache:
+  yarn: true
+  apt: false
+  directories:
+    - $HOME/zulip-venv-cache
+    - $HOME/zulip-npm-cache
+    - $HOME/zulip-emoji-cache
+    - $HOME/node
+    - $HOME/misc
+env:
+  global:
+    - BOTO_CONFIG=/nonexistent
+language: python
+# Our test suites generally run on Python 3.5, the version in
+# Ubuntu 16.04 xenial, which is the oldest OS release we support.
+matrix:
+  include:
+    # Travis will actually run the jobs in the order they're listed here;
+    # that doesn't seem to be documented, but it's what we see empirically.
+    # We only get 4 jobs running at a time, so we try to make the first few
+    # the most likely to break.
+    - python: "3.5"
+      env: TEST_SUITE=production
+    # Other suites moved to CircleCI -- see .circleci/.
+sudo: required
+addons:
+  artifacts:
+    paths:
+      # Casper debugging data (screenshots, etc.) is super useful for
+      # debugging test flakes.
+      - $(ls var/casper/* | tr "\n" ":")
+      - $(ls /tmp/zulip-test-event-log/* | tr "\n" ":")
+  postgresql: "9.5"
+  apt:
+    packages:
+      - moreutils
+after_success:
+  - codecov
--- a/.tx/config
+++ b/.tx/config
@@ -1,39 +1,32 @@
-# Migrated from transifex-client format with `tx migrate`
-#
-# See https://developers.transifex.com/docs/using-the-client which hints at
-# this format, but in general, the headings are in the format of:
-#
-# [o:<org>:p:<project>:r:<resource>]
-
 [main]
 host = https://www.transifex.com
 lang_map = zh-Hans: zh_Hans, zh-Hant: zh_Hant

-[o:zulip:p:zulip:r:djangopo]
+[zulip.djangopo]
 file_filter = locale/<lang>/LC_MESSAGES/django.po
 source_file = locale/en/LC_MESSAGES/django.po
 source_lang = en
 type = PO

-[o:zulip:p:zulip:r:mobile]
+[zulip.translationsjson]
+file_filter = locale/<lang>/translations.json
+source_file = locale/en/translations.json
+source_lang = en
+type = KEYVALUEJSON
+
+[zulip.mobile]
 file_filter = locale/<lang>/mobile.json
 source_file = locale/en/mobile.json
 source_lang = en
 type = KEYVALUEJSON

-[o:zulip:p:zulip:r:translationsjson]
-file_filter = locale/<lang>/translations.json
-source_file = locale/en/translations.json
-source_lang = en
-type = KEYVALUEJSON
-
-[o:zulip:p:zulip-test:r:djangopo]
+[zulip-test.djangopo]
 file_filter = locale/<lang>/LC_MESSAGES/django.po
 source_file = locale/en/LC_MESSAGES/django.po
 source_lang = en
 type = PO

-[o:zulip:p:zulip-test:r:translationsjson]
+[zulip-test.translationsjson]
 file_filter = locale/<lang>/translations.json
 source_file = locale/en/translations.json
 source_lang = en
--- a/.vscode/extensions.json
+++ b/.vscode/extensions.json
@@ -1,23 +0,0 @@
-{
-    // Recommended VS Code extensions for zulip/zulip.
-    //
-    // VS Code prompts a user to install the recommended extensions
-    // when a workspace is opened for the first time.  The user can
-    // also review the list with the 'Extensions: Show Recommended
-    // Extensions' command.  See
-    // https://code.visualstudio.com/docs/editor/extension-marketplace#_workspace-recommended-extensions
-    // for more information.
-    //
-    // Extension identifier format: ${publisher}.${name}.
-    // Example: vscode.csharp
-
-    "recommendations": [
-        "42crunch.vscode-openapi",
-        "dbaeumer.vscode-eslint",
-        "esbenp.prettier-vscode",
-        "ms-vscode-remote.vscode-remote-extensionpack"
-    ],
-
-    // Extensions recommended by VS Code which are not recommended for users of zulip/zulip.
-    "unwantedRecommendations": []
-}
--- a/.yarnrc
+++ b/.yarnrc
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+ignore-scripts true
--- a/CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md
+++ b/CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md
@@ -14,46 +14,46 @@ This isn't an exhaustive list of things that you can't do. Rather, take it
 in the spirit in which it's intended --- a guide to make it easier to enrich
 all of us and the technical communities in which we participate.

-## Expected behavior
+## Expected Behavior

 The following behaviors are expected and requested of all community members:

- Participate. In doing so, you contribute to the health and longevity of
+* Participate. In doing so, you contribute to the health and longevity of
  the community.
- Exercise consideration and respect in your speech and actions.
- Attempt collaboration before conflict. Assume good faith.
- Refrain from demeaning, discriminatory, or harassing behavior and speech.
- Take action or alert community leaders if you notice a dangerous
+* Exercise consideration and respect in your speech and actions.
+* Attempt collaboration before conflict. Assume good faith.
+* Refrain from demeaning, discriminatory, or harassing behavior and speech.
+* Take action or alert community leaders if you notice a dangerous
  situation, someone in distress, or violations of this code, even if they
  seem inconsequential.
- Community event venues may be shared with members of the public; be
+* Community event venues may be shared with members of the public; be
  respectful to all patrons of these locations.

-## Unacceptable behavior
+## Unacceptable Behavior

 The following behaviors are considered harassment and are unacceptable
 within the Zulip community:

- Jokes or derogatory language that singles out members of any race,
+* Jokes or derogatory language that singles out members of any race,
  ethnicity, culture, national origin, color, immigration status, social and
  economic class, educational level, language proficiency, sex, sexual
  orientation, gender identity and expression, age, size, family status,
  political belief, religion, and mental and physical ability.
- Violence, threats of violence, or violent language directed against
+* Violence, threats of violence, or violent language directed against
  another person.
- Disseminating or threatening to disseminate another person's personal
+* Disseminating or threatening to disseminate another person's personal
  information.
- Personal insults of any sort.
- Posting or displaying sexually explicit or violent material.
- Inappropriate photography or recording.
- Deliberate intimidation, stalking, or following (online or in person).
- Unwelcome sexual attention. This includes sexualized comments or jokes,
+* Personal insults of any sort.
+* Posting or displaying sexually explicit or violent material.
+* Inappropriate photography or recording.
+* Deliberate intimidation, stalking, or following (online or in person).
+* Unwelcome sexual attention. This includes sexualized comments or jokes,
  inappropriate touching or groping, and unwelcomed sexual advances.
- Sustained disruption of community events, including talks and
+* Sustained disruption of community events, including talks and
  presentations.
- Advocating for, or encouraging, any of the behaviors above.
+* Advocating for, or encouraging, any of the behaviors above.

-## Reporting and enforcement
+## Reporting and Enforcement

 Harassment and other code of conduct violations reduce the value of the
 community for everyone. If someone makes you or anyone else feel unsafe or
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ organizers may take any action they deem appropriate, up to and including a
 temporary ban or permanent expulsion from the community without warning (and
 without refund in the case of a paid event).

-If someone outside the development community (e.g., a user of the Zulip
+If someone outside the development community (e.g. a user of the Zulip
 software) engages in unacceptable behavior that affects someone in the
 community, we still want to know. Even if we don't have direct control over
 the violator, the community organizers can still support the people
@@ -95,79 +95,11 @@ behavior occurring outside the scope of community activities when such
 behavior has the potential to adversely affect the safety and well-being of
 community members.

-## License and attribution
+## License and Attribution

 This Code of Conduct is adapted from the
+[Citizen Code of Conduct](http://citizencodeofconduct.org/) and the
 [Django Code of Conduct](https://www.djangoproject.com/conduct/), and is
 under a
-[Creative Commons BY-SA](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)
+[Creative Commons BY-SA](http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)
 license.
-
-## Moderating the Zulip community
-
-Anyone can help moderate the Zulip community by helping make sure that folks are
-aware of the [community guidelines](https://zulip.com/development-community/)
-and this Code of Conduct, and that we maintain a positive and respectful
-atmosphere.
-
-Here are some guidelines for you how can help:
-
- Be friendly! Welcoming folks, thanking them for their feedback, ideas and effort,
-  and just trying to keep the atmosphere warm make the whole community function
-  more smoothly. New participants who feel accepted, listened to and respected
-  are likely to treat others the same way.
-
- Be familiar with the [community
-  guidelines](https://zulip.com/development-community/), and cite them liberally
-  when a user violates them. Be polite but firm. Some examples:
-
-  - @user please note that there is no need to @-mention @\_**Tim Abbott** when
-    you ask a question. As noted in the [guidelines for this
-    community](https://zulip.com/development-community/):
-
-    > Use @-mentions sparingly… there is generally no need to @-mention a
-    > core contributor unless you need their timely attention.
-
-  - @user, please keep in mind the following [community
-    guideline](https://zulip.com/development-community/):
-
-    > Don’t ask the same question in multiple places. Moderators read every
-    > public stream, and make sure every question gets a reply.
-
-    I’ve gone ahead and moved the other copy of this message to this thread.
-
-  - If asked a question in a direct message that is better discussed in a public
-    stream:
-    > Hi @user! Please start by reviewing
-    > https://zulip.com/development-community/#community-norms to learn how to
-    > get help in this community.
-
- Users sometimes think chat.zulip.org is a testing instance. When this happens,
-  kindly direct them to use the **#test here** stream.
-
- If you see a message that’s posted in the wrong place, go ahead and move it if
-  you have permissions to do so, even if you don’t plan to respond to it.
-  Leaving the “Send automated notice to new topic” option enabled helps make it
-  clear what happened to the person who sent the message.
-
-  If you are responding to a message that's been moved, mention the user in your
-  reply, so that the mention serves as a notification of the new location for
-  their conversation.
-
- If a user is posting spam, please report it to an administrator. They will:
-
-  - Change the user's name to `<name> (spammer)` and deactivate them.
-  - Delete any spam messages they posted in public streams.
-
- We care very much about maintaining a respectful tone in our community. If you
-  see someone being mean or rude, point out that their tone is inappropriate,
-  and ask them to communicate their perspective in a respectful way in the
-  future. If you don’t feel comfortable doing so yourself, feel free to ask a
-  member of Zulip's core team to take care of the situation.
-
- Try to assume the best intentions from others (given the range of
-  possibilities presented by their visible behavior), and stick with a friendly
-  and positive tone even when someone’s behavior is poor or disrespectful.
-  Everyone has bad days and stressful situations that can result in them
-  behaving not their best, and while we should be firm about our community
-  rules, we should also enforce them with kindness.
--- a/CONTRIBUTING.md
+++ b/CONTRIBUTING.md
@@ -1,36 +1,23 @@
-# Contributing guide
+# Contributing to Zulip

 Welcome to the Zulip community!

-## Zulip development community
+## Community

-The primary communication forum for the Zulip community is the Zulip
-server hosted at [chat.zulip.org](https://chat.zulip.org/):
+The
+[Zulip community server](https://zulip.readthedocs.io/en/latest/contributing/chat-zulip-org.html)
+is the primary communication forum for the Zulip community. It is a good
+place to start whether you have a question, are a new contributor, are a new
+user, or anything else. Make sure to read the
+[community norms](https://zulip.readthedocs.io/en/latest/contributing/chat-zulip-org.html#community-norms)
+before posting. The Zulip community is also governed by a
+[code of conduct](https://zulip.readthedocs.io/en/latest/code-of-conduct.html).

- **Users** and **administrators** of Zulip organizations stop by to
-  ask questions, offer feedback, and participate in product design
-  discussions.
- **Contributors to the project**, including the **core Zulip
-  development team**, discuss ongoing and future projects, brainstorm
-  ideas, and generally help each other out.
-
-Everyone is welcome to [sign up](https://chat.zulip.org/) and
-participate — we love hearing from our users! Public streams in the
-community receive thousands of messages a week. We recommend signing
-up using the special invite links for
-[users](https://chat.zulip.org/join/t5crtoe62bpcxyisiyglmtvb/),
-[self-hosters](https://chat.zulip.org/join/wnhv3jzm6afa4raenedanfno/)
-and
-[contributors](https://chat.zulip.org/join/npzwak7vpmaknrhxthna3c7p/)
-to get a curated list of initial stream subscriptions.
-
-To learn how to get started participating in the community, including [community
-norms](https://zulip.com/development-community/#community-norms) and [where to
-post](https://zulip.com/development-community/#where-do-i-send-my-message),
-check out our [Zulip development community
-guide](https://zulip.com/development-community/). The Zulip community is
-governed by a [code of
-conduct](https://zulip.readthedocs.io/en/latest/code-of-conduct.html).
+You can subscribe to zulip-devel-announce@googlegroups.com or our
+[Twitter](https://twitter.com/zulip) account for a lower traffic (~1
+email/month) way to hear about things like mentorship opportunities with Google
+Code-in, in-person sprints at conferences, and other opportunities to
+contribute.

 ## Ways to contribute

@@ -38,322 +25,199 @@ To make a code or documentation contribution, read our
 [step-by-step guide](#your-first-codebase-contribution) to getting
 started with the Zulip codebase. A small sample of the type of work that
 needs doing:
-
- Bug squashing and feature development on our Python/Django
+* Bug squashing and feature development on our Python/Django
  [backend](https://github.com/zulip/zulip), web
-  [frontend](https://github.com/zulip/zulip),
-  Flutter [mobile app](https://github.com/zulip/zulip-flutter) in beta,
-  or Electron [desktop app](https://github.com/zulip/zulip-desktop).
- Building out our
+  [frontend](https://github.com/zulip/zulip), React Native
+  [mobile app](https://github.com/zulip/zulip-mobile), or Electron
+  [desktop app](https://github.com/zulip/zulip-desktop).
+* Building out our
  [Python API and bots](https://github.com/zulip/python-zulip-api) framework.
- [Writing an integration](https://zulip.com/api/integrations-overview).
- Improving our [user](https://zulip.com/help/) or
+* [Writing an integration](https://zulipchat.com/api/integrations-overview).
+* Improving our [user](https://zulipchat.com/help/) or
  [developer](https://zulip.readthedocs.io/en/latest/) documentation.
- [Reviewing code](https://zulip.readthedocs.io/en/latest/contributing/code-reviewing.html)
+* [Reviewing code](https://zulip.readthedocs.io/en/latest/contributing/code-reviewing.html)
  and manually testing pull requests.

 **Non-code contributions**: Some of the most valuable ways to contribute
-don't require touching the codebase at all. For example, you can:
+don't require touching the codebase at all. We list a few of them below:

- Report issues, including both [feature
-  requests](https://zulip.readthedocs.io/en/latest/contributing/suggesting-features.html)
-  and [bug
-  reports](https://zulip.readthedocs.io/en/latest/contributing/reporting-bugs.html).
- [Give feedback](#user-feedback) if you are evaluating or using Zulip.
- [Participate
-  thoughtfully](https://zulip.readthedocs.io/en/latest/contributing/design-discussions.html)
-  in design discussions.
- [Sponsor Zulip](https://github.com/sponsors/zulip) through the GitHub sponsors program.
- [Translate](https://zulip.readthedocs.io/en/latest/translating/translating.html)
-  Zulip into your language.
- [Stay connected](#stay-connected) with Zulip, and [help others
-  find us](#help-others-find-zulip).
+* [Reporting issues](#reporting-issues), including both feature requests and
+  bug reports.
+* [Giving feedback](#user-feedback) if you are evaluating or using Zulip.
+* [Translating](https://zulip.readthedocs.io/en/latest/translating/translating.html)
+  Zulip.
+* [Outreach](#zulip-outreach): Star us on GitHub, upvote us
+  on product comparison sites, or write for [the Zulip blog](http://blog.zulip.org/).

-## Your first codebase contribution
+## Your first (codebase) contribution

 This section has a step by step guide to starting as a Zulip codebase
 contributor. It's long, but don't worry about doing all the steps perfectly;
 no one gets it right the first time, and there are a lot of people available
 to help.
-
- First, make an account on the
-  [Zulip community server](https://zulip.com/development-community/),
-  paying special attention to the
-  [community norms](https://zulip.com/development-community/#community-norms).
-  If you'd like, introduce yourself in
-  [#new members](https://chat.zulip.org/#narrow/channel/95-new-members), using
+* First, make an account on the
+  [Zulip community server](https://zulip.readthedocs.io/en/latest/contributing/chat-zulip-org.html),
+  paying special attention to the community norms. If you'd like, introduce
+  yourself in
+  [#new members](https://chat.zulip.org/#narrow/stream/95-new-members), using
  your name as the topic. Bonus: tell us about your first impressions of
-  Zulip, and anything that felt confusing/broken or interesting/helpful as you
-  started using the product.
+  Zulip, and anything that felt confusing/broken as you started using the
+  product.
+* Read [What makes a great Zulip contributor](#what-makes-a-great-zulip-contributor).
+* [Install the development environment](https://zulip.readthedocs.io/en/latest/development/overview.html),
+  getting help in
+  [#development help](https://chat.zulip.org/#narrow/stream/49-development-help)
+  if you run into any troubles.
+* Read the
+  [Zulip guide to Git](https://zulip.readthedocs.io/en/latest/git/index.html)
+  and do the Git tutorial (coming soon) if you are unfamiliar with
+  Git, getting help in
+  [#git help](https://chat.zulip.org/#narrow/stream/44-git-help) if
+  you run into any troubles.  Be sure to check out the
+  [extremely useful Zulip-specific tools page](https://zulip.readthedocs.io/en/latest/git/zulip-tools.html).
+* Sign the
+  [Dropbox Contributor License Agreement](https://opensource.dropbox.com/cla/).

- Read [What makes a great Zulip contributor](#what-makes-a-great-zulip-contributor).
+### Picking an issue

- Set up the development environment for the Zulip codebase you want
-  to work on, and start getting familiar with the code.
+Now, you're ready to pick your first issue! There are hundreds of open issues
+in the main codebase alone. This section will help you find an issue to work
+on.

-  - For the server and web app:
-
-    - [Install the development environment](https://zulip.readthedocs.io/en/latest/development/overview.html),
-      getting help in
-      [#provision help](https://chat.zulip.org/#narrow/channel/21-provision-help)
-      if you run into any troubles.
-    - Familiarize yourself with [using the development environment](https://zulip.readthedocs.io/en/latest/development/using.html).
-    - Go through the [new application feature
-      tutorial](https://zulip.readthedocs.io/en/latest/tutorials/new-feature-tutorial.html) to get familiar with
-      how the Zulip codebase is organized and how to find code in it.
-
-  - For the upcoming Flutter-based mobile app:
-    - Set up a development environment following the instructions in
-      [the project README](https://github.com/zulip/zulip-flutter).
-    - Start reading recent commits to see the code we're writing.
-      Use either a [graphical Git viewer][] like `gitk`, or `git log -p`
-      with [the "secret" to reading its output][git-log-secret].
-    - Pick some of the code that appears in those Git commits and
-      that looks interesting. Use your IDE to visit that code
-      and to navigate to related code, reading to see how it works
-      and how the codebase is organized.
-
- Read the [Zulip guide to
-  Git](https://zulip.readthedocs.io/en/latest/git/index.html) if you
-  are unfamiliar with Git or Zulip's rebase-based Git workflow,
-  getting help in [#git
-  help](https://chat.zulip.org/#narrow/channel/44-git-help) if you run
-  into any troubles. Even Git experts should read the [Zulip-specific
-  Git tools
-  page](https://zulip.readthedocs.io/en/latest/git/zulip-tools.html).
-
-[graphical Git viewer]: https://zulip.readthedocs.io/en/latest/git/setup.html#get-a-graphical-client
-[git-log-secret]: https://github.com/zulip/zulip-mobile/blob/main/docs/howto/git.md#git-log-secret
-
-### Where to look for an issue
-
-Now you're ready to pick your first issue! Zulip has several repositories you
-can check out, depending on your interests. There are hundreds of open issues in
-the [main Zulip server and web app
-repository](https://github.com/zulip/zulip/issues?q=is%3Aopen+is%3Aissue+label%3A%22help+wanted%22)
-alone.
-
-You can look through issues tagged with the "help wanted" label, which is used
-to indicate the issues that are ready for contributions. Some repositories also
-use the "good first issue" label to tag issues that are especially approachable
-for new contributors.
-
- [Server and web app](https://github.com/zulip/zulip/issues?q=is%3Aopen+is%3Aissue+label%3A%22help+wanted%22)
- Mobile apps: no "help wanted" label, but see the
-  [project board](https://github.com/orgs/zulip/projects/5/views/4)
-  for the upcoming Flutter-based app. Look for issues up through the
-  "Launch" milestone, and that aren't already assigned.
- [Desktop app](https://github.com/zulip/zulip-desktop/issues?q=is%3Aopen+is%3Aissue+label%3A%22help+wanted%22)
- [Terminal app](https://github.com/zulip/zulip-terminal/issues?q=is%3Aopen+is%3Aissue+label%3A"help+wanted")
- [Python API bindings and bots](https://github.com/zulip/python-zulip-api/issues?q=is%3Aopen+is%3Aissue+label%3A%22help+wanted%22)
-
-### Picking an issue to work on
-
-There's a lot to learn while making your first pull request, so start small!
-Many first contributions have fewer than 10 lines of changes (not counting
-changes to tests).
-
-We recommend the following process for finding an issue to work on:
-
-1. Read the description of an issue tagged with the "help wanted" label and make
-   sure you understand it.
-2. If it seems promising, poke around the product
-   (on [chat.zulip.org](https://chat.zulip.org) or in the development
-   environment) until you know how the piece being
-   described fits into the bigger picture. If after some exploration the
-   description seems confusing or ambiguous, post a question on the GitHub
-   issue, as others may benefit from the clarification as well.
-3. When you find an issue you like, try to get started working on it. See if you
-   can find the part of the code you'll need to modify (`git grep` is your
-   friend!) and get some idea of how you'll approach the problem.
-4. If you feel lost, that's OK! Go through these steps again with another issue.
-   There's plenty to work on, and the exploration you do will help you learn
-   more about the project.
-
-Note that you are _not_ claiming an issue while you are iterating through steps
-1-4. _Before you claim an issue_, you should be confident that you will be able to
-tackle it effectively.
-
-Additional tips for the [main server and web app
-repository](https://github.com/zulip/zulip/issues?q=is%3Aopen+is%3Aissue+label%3A%22help+wanted%22):
-
- We especially recommend browsing recently opened issues, as there are more
-  likely to be easy ones for you to find.
- Take a look at issues with the ["good first issue"
-  label](https://github.com/zulip/zulip/issues?q=is%3Aopen+is%3Aissue+label%3A%22good+first+issue%22),
-  as they are especially accessible to new contributors. However, you will
-  likely find issues without this label that are accessible as well.
- All issues are partitioned into areas like
+* If you're interested in
+  [mobile](https://github.com/zulip/zulip-mobile/issues?q=is%3Aopen+is%3Aissue),
+  [desktop](https://github.com/zulip/zulip-desktop/issues?q=is%3Aopen+is%3Aissue),
+  or
+  [bots](https://github.com/zulip/python-zulip-api/issues?q=is%3Aopen+is%3Aissue)
+  development, check the respective links for open issues, or post in
+  [#mobile](https://chat.zulip.org/#narrow/stream/48-mobile),
+  [#desktop](https://chat.zulip.org/#narrow/stream/16-desktop), or
+  [#integration](https://chat.zulip.org/#narrow/stream/127-integrations).
+* For the main server and web repository, we recommend browsing
+  recently opened issues to look for issues you are confident you can
+  fix correctly in a way that clearly communicates why your changes
+  are the correct fix.  Our GitHub workflow bot, zulipbot, limits
+  users who have 0 commits merged to claiming a single issue labeled
+  with "good first issue" or "help wanted".
+* We also partition all of our issues in the main repo into areas like
  admin, compose, emoji, hotkeys, i18n, onboarding, search, etc. Look
  through our [list of labels](https://github.com/zulip/zulip/labels), and
  click on some of the `area:` labels to see all the issues related to your
  areas of interest.
- Avoid issues with the "difficult" label unless you
-  understand why it is difficult and are highly confident you can resolve the
-  issue correctly and completely.
+* If the lists of issues are overwhelming, post in
+  [#new members](https://chat.zulip.org/#narrow/stream/95-new-members) with a
+  bit about your background and interests, and we'll help you out. The most
+  important thing to say is whether you're looking for a backend (Python),
+  frontend (JavaScript and TypeScript), mobile (React Native), desktop (Electron),
+  documentation (English) or visual design (JavaScript/TypeScript + CSS) issue, and a
+  bit about your programming experience and available time.

-### Claiming an issue
+We also welcome suggestions of features that you feel would be valuable or
+changes that you feel would make Zulip a better open source project. If you
+have a new feature you'd like to add, we recommend you start by posting in
+[#new members](https://chat.zulip.org/#narrow/stream/95-new-members) with the
+feature idea and the problem that you're hoping to solve.

-#### In the main server/web app repository and Zulip Terminal repository
-
-The Zulip server/web app repository
-([`zulip/zulip`](https://github.com/zulip/zulip/)) and the Zulip Terminal
-repository ([`zulip/zulip-terminal`](https://github.com/zulip/zulip-terminal/))
-are set up with a GitHub workflow bot called
-[Zulipbot](https://github.com/zulip/zulipbot), which manages issues and pull
-requests in order to create a better workflow for Zulip contributors.
-
-To claim an issue in these repositories, simply post a comment that says
-`@zulipbot claim` to the issue thread. If the issue is tagged with a [help
-wanted](https://github.com/zulip/zulip/issues?q=is%3Aopen+is%3Aissue+label%3A%22help+wanted%22)
-label, Zulipbot will immediately assign the issue to you.
-
-Note that new contributors can only claim one issue until their first pull request is
-merged. This is to encourage folks to finish ongoing work before starting
-something new. If you would like to pick up a new issue while waiting for review
-on an almost-ready pull request, you can post a comment to this effect on the
-issue you're interested in.
-
-#### In other Zulip repositories
-
-There is no bot for other Zulip repositories
-([`zulip/zulip-flutter`](https://github.com/zulip/zulip-flutter/), etc.). If
-you are interested in claiming an issue in one of these repositories, simply
-post a comment on the issue thread saying that you'd like to work on it. There
-is no need to @-mention the issue creator in your comment.
-
-Please follow the same guidelines as described above: find an issue labeled
-"help wanted", and only pick up one issue at a time to start with.
+Other notes:
+* For a first pull request, it's better to aim for a smaller contribution
+  than a bigger one. Many first contributions have fewer than 10 lines of
+  changes (not counting changes to tests).
+* The full list of issues explicitly looking for a contributor can be
+  found with the
+  [good first issue](https://github.com/zulip/zulip/issues?q=is%3Aopen+is%3Aissue+label%3A%22good+first+issue%22)
+  and
+  [help wanted](https://github.com/zulip/zulip/issues?q=is%3Aopen+is%3Aissue+label%3A%22help+wanted%22)
+  labels.  Avoid issues with the "difficult" label unless you
+  understand why it is difficult and are confident you can resolve the
+  issue correctly and completely.  Issues without one of these labels
+  are fair game if Tim has written a clear technical design proposal
+  in the issue, or it is a bug that you can reproduce and you are
+  confident you can fix the issue correctly.
+* For most new contributors, there's a lot to learn while making your first
+  pull request. It's OK if it takes you a while; that's normal! You'll be
+  able to work a lot faster as you build experience.

 ### Working on an issue

-You're encouraged to ask questions on how to best implement or debug your
-changes -- the Zulip maintainers are excited to answer questions to help you
-stay unblocked and working efficiently. You can ask questions in the [Zulip
-development community](https://zulip.com/development-community/), or on the
-GitHub issue or pull request.
+To work on an issue, claim it by adding a comment with `@zulipbot claim` to
+the issue thread. [Zulipbot](https://github.com/zulip/zulipbot) is a GitHub
+workflow bot; it will assign you to the issue and label the issue as "in
+progress". Some additional notes:

-To get early feedback on any UI changes, we encourage you to post screenshots of
-your work in the [#design
-stream](https://chat.zulip.org/#narrow/channel/101-design) in the [Zulip
-development community](https://zulip.com/development-community/)
+* You can only claim issues with the
+  [good first issue](https://github.com/zulip/zulip/issues?q=is%3Aopen+is%3Aissue+label%3A%22good+first+issue%22)
+  or
+  [help wanted](https://github.com/zulip/zulip/issues?q=is%3Aopen+is%3Aissue+label%3A%22help+wanted%22)
+  labels. Zulipbot will give you an error if you try to claim an issue
+  without one of those labels.
+* You're encouraged to ask questions on how to best implement or debug your
+  changes -- the Zulip maintainers are excited to answer questions to help
+  you stay unblocked and working efficiently. You can ask questions on
+  chat.zulip.org, or on the GitHub issue or pull request.
+* We encourage early pull requests for work in progress. Prefix the title of
+  work in progress pull requests with `[WIP]`, and remove the prefix when
+  you think it might be mergeable and want it to be reviewed.
+* After updating a PR, add a comment to the GitHub thread mentioning that it
+  is ready for another review. GitHub only notifies maintainers of the
+  changes when you post a comment, so if you don't, your PR will likely be
+  neglected by accident!

-For more advice, see [What makes a great Zulip
-contributor?](#what-makes-a-great-zulip-contributor) below. It's OK if your
-first issue takes you a while; that's normal! You'll be able to work a lot
-faster as you build experience.
+### And beyond

-### Submitting a pull request
-
-See the [guide on submitting a pull
-request](https://zulip.readthedocs.io/en/latest/contributing/reviewable-prs.html)
-for detailed instructions on how to present your proposed changes to Zulip.
-
-The [pull request review process
-guide](https://zulip.readthedocs.io/en/latest/contributing/review-process.html)
-explains the stages of review your PR will go through, and offers guidance on
-how to help the review process move forward.
-
-### Beyond the first issue
-
-To find a second issue to work on, we recommend looking through issues with the same
+A great place to look for a second issue is to look for issues with the same
 `area:` label as the last issue you resolved. You'll be able to reuse the
 work you did learning how that part of the codebase works. Also, the path to
 becoming a core developer often involves taking ownership of one of these area
 labels.

-### Common questions
-
- **What if somebody is already working on the issue I want do claim?** There
-  are lots of issue to work on! If somebody else is actively working on the
-  issue, you can find a different one, or help with
-  reviewing their work.
- **What if somebody else claims an issue while I'm figuring out whether or not to
-  work on it?** No worries! You can contribute by providing feedback on
-  their pull request. If you've made good progress in understanding part of the
-  codebase, you can also find another "help wanted" issue in the same area to
-  work on.
- **What if there is already a pull request for the issue I want to work on?**
-  Start by reviewing the existing work. If you agree with the approach, you can
-  use the existing pull request (PR) as a starting point for your contribution. If
-  you think a different approach is needed, you can post a new PR, with a comment that clearly
-  explains _why_ you decided to start from scratch.
- **What if I ask if someone is still working on an issue, and they don't
-  respond?** If you don't get a reply within 2-3 days, go ahead and post a comment
-  that you are working on the issue, and submit a pull request. If the original
-  assignee ends up submitting a pull request first, no worries! You can help by
-  providing feedback on their work, or submit your own PR if you think a
-  different approach is needed (as described above).
- **Can I come up with my own feature idea and work on it?** We welcome
-  suggestions of features or other improvements that you feel would be valuable. If you
-  have a new feature you'd like to add, you can start a conversation [in our
-  development community](https://zulip.com/development-community/#where-do-i-send-my-message)
-  explaining the feature idea and the problem that you're hoping to solve.
- **I'm waiting for the next round of review on my PR. Can I pick up
-  another issue in the meantime?** Someone's first Zulip PR often
-  requires quite a bit of iteration, so please [make sure your pull
-  request is reviewable][reviewable-pull-requests] and go through at
-  least one round of feedback from others before picking up a second
-  issue. After that, sure! If
-  [Zulipbot](https://github.com/zulip/zulipbot) does not allow you to
-  claim an issue, you can post a comment describing the status of your
-  other work on the issue you're interested in, and asking for the
-  issue to be assigned to you. Note that addressing feedback on
-  in-progress PRs should always take priority over starting a new PR.
- **I think my PR is done, but it hasn't been merged yet. What's going on?**
-  1. **Double-check that you have addressed all the feedback**, including any comments
-     on [Git commit
-     discipline](https://zulip.readthedocs.io/en/latest/contributing/commit-discipline.html).
-  2. If all the feedback has been addressed, did you [leave a
-     comment](https://zulip.readthedocs.io/en/latest/contributing/review-process.html#how-to-help-move-the-review-process-forward)
-     explaining that you have done so and **requesting another review**? If not,
-     it may not be clear to project maintainers or reviewers that your PR is
-     ready for another look.
-  3. There may be a pause between initial rounds of review for your PR and final
-     review by project maintainers. This is normal, and we encourage you to **work
-     on other issues** while you wait.
-  4. If you think the PR is ready and haven't seen any updates for a couple
-     of weeks, it can be helpful to **leave another comment**. Summarize the
-     overall state of the review process and your work, and indicate that you
-     are waiting for a review.
-  5. Finally, **Zulip project maintainers are people too**! They may be busy
-     with other work, and sometimes they might even take a vacation. ;) It can
-     occasionally take a few weeks for a PR in the final stages of the review
-     process to be merged.
-
-[reviewable-pull-requests]: https://zulip.readthedocs.io/en/latest/contributing/reviewable-prs.html
-
 ## What makes a great Zulip contributor?

-Zulip has a lot of experience working with new contributors. In our
-experience, these are the best predictors of success:
+Zulip runs a lot of [internship programs](#internship-programs), so we have
+a lot of experience with new contributors. In our experience, these are the
+best predictors of success:

- [Asking great questions][great-questions]. It's very hard to answer a general
-  question like, "How do I do this issue?" When asking for help, explain your
-  current understanding, including what you've done or tried so far and where
-  you got stuck. Post tracebacks or other error messages if appropriate. For
-  more advice, check out [our guide][great-questions]!
- Learning and practicing
-  [Git commit discipline](https://zulip.readthedocs.io/en/latest/contributing/commit-discipline.html).
- Submitting carefully tested code. See our [detailed guide on how to review
-  code](https://zulip.readthedocs.io/en/latest/contributing/code-reviewing.html#how-to-review-code)
-  (yours or someone else's).
- Posting
+* Posting good questions. This generally means explaining your current
+  understanding, saying what you've done or tried so far, and including
+  tracebacks or other error messages if appropriate.
+* Learning and practicing
+  [Git commit discipline](https://zulip.readthedocs.io/en/latest/contributing/version-control.html#commit-discipline).
+* Submitting carefully tested code. This generally means checking your work
+  through a combination of automated tests and manually clicking around the
+  UI trying to find bugs in your work. See
+  [things to look for](https://zulip.readthedocs.io/en/latest/contributing/code-reviewing.html#things-to-look-for)
+  for additional ideas.
+* Posting
  [screenshots or GIFs](https://zulip.readthedocs.io/en/latest/tutorials/screenshot-and-gif-software.html)
  for frontend changes.
- Working to [make your pull requests easy to
-  review](https://zulip.readthedocs.io/en/latest/contributing/reviewable-prs.html).
- Clearly describing what you have implemented and why. For example, if your
-  implementation differs from the issue description in some way or is a partial
-  step towards the requirements described in the issue, be sure to call
-  out those differences.
- Being responsive to feedback on pull requests. This means incorporating or
+* Being responsive to feedback on pull requests. This means incorporating or
  responding to all suggested changes, and leaving a note if you won't be
  able to address things within a few days.
- Being helpful and friendly on the [Zulip community
-  server](https://zulip.com/development-community/).
+* Being helpful and friendly on chat.zulip.org.

-[great-questions]: https://zulip.readthedocs.io/en/latest/contributing/asking-great-questions.html
+These are also the main criteria we use to select interns for all of our
+internship programs.
+
+## Reporting issues
+
+If you find an easily reproducible bug and/or are experienced in reporting
+bugs, feel free to just open an issue on the relevant project on GitHub.
+
+If you have a feature request or are not yet sure what the underlying bug
+is, the best place to post issues is
+[#issues](https://chat.zulip.org/#narrow/stream/9-issues) (or
+[#mobile](https://chat.zulip.org/#narrow/stream/48-mobile) or
+[#desktop](https://chat.zulip.org/#narrow/stream/16-desktop)) on the
+[Zulip community server](https://zulip.readthedocs.io/en/latest/contributing/chat-zulip-org.html).
+This allows us to interactively figure out what is going on, let you know if
+a similar issue has already been opened, and collect any other information
+we need. Choose a 2-4 word topic that describes the issue, explain the issue
+and how to reproduce it if known, your browser/OS if relevant, and a
+[screenshot or screenGIF](https://zulip.readthedocs.io/en/latest/tutorials/screenshot-and-gif-software.html)
+if appropriate.
+
+**Reporting security issues**. Please do not report security issues
+  publicly, including on public streams on chat.zulip.org. You can email
+  zulip-security@googlegroups.com. We create a CVE for every security issue.

 ## User feedback

@@ -363,67 +227,125 @@ hear about your experience with the product. If you're not sure what to
 write, here are some questions we're always very curious to know the answer
 to:

- Evaluation: What is the process by which your organization chose or will
+* Evaluation: What is the process by which your organization chose or will
  choose a group chat product?
- Pros and cons: What are the pros and cons of Zulip for your organization,
+* Pros and cons: What are the pros and cons of Zulip for your organization,
  and the pros and cons of other products you are evaluating?
- Features: What are the features that are most important for your
-  organization? In the best-case scenario, what would your chat solution do
+* Features: What are the features that are most important for your
+  organization? In the best case scenario, what would your chat solution do
  for you?
- Onboarding: If you remember it, what was your impression during your first
+* Onboarding: If you remember it, what was your impression during your first
  few minutes of using Zulip? What did you notice, and how did you feel? Was
  there anything that stood out to you as confusing, or broken, or great?
- Organization: What does your organization do? How big is the organization?
+* Organization: What does your organization do? How big is the organization?
  A link to your organization's website?

-You can contact us in the [#feedback stream of the Zulip development
-community](https://chat.zulip.org/#narrow/channel/137-feedback) or
-by emailing [support@zulip.com](mailto:support@zulip.com).
+## Internship programs

-## Outreach programs
+Zulip runs internship programs with
+[Outreachy](https://www.outreachy.org/),
+[Google Summer of Code (GSoC)](https://developers.google.com/open-source/gsoc/)
+[1], and the
+[MIT Externship program](https://alum.mit.edu/students/NetworkwithAlumni/ExternshipProgram),
+and has in the past taken summer interns from Harvard, MIT, and
+Stanford.

-Zulip regularly participates in [Google Summer of Code
-(GSoC)](https://developers.google.com/open-source/gsoc/) and
-[Outreachy](https://www.outreachy.org/). We have been a GSoC mentoring
-organization since 2016, and we accept 15-20 GSoC participants each summer. In
-the past, we’ve also participated in [Google
-Code-In](https://developers.google.com/open-source/gci/), and hosted summer
-interns from Harvard, MIT, and Stanford.
+While each third-party program has its own rules and requirements, the
+Zulip community's approaches all of these programs with these ideas in
+mind:
+* We try to make the application process as valuable for the applicant as
+  possible. Expect high quality code reviews, a supportive community, and
+  publicly viewable patches you can link to from your resume, regardless of
+  whether you are selected.
+* To apply, you'll have to submit at least one pull request to a Zulip
+  repository.  Most students accepted to one of our programs have
+  several merged pull requests (including at least one larger PR) by
+  the time of the application deadline.
+* The main criteria we use is quality of your best contributions, and
+  the bullets listed at
+  [What makes a great Zulip contributor](#what-makes-a-great-zulip-contributor).
+  Because we focus on evaluating your best work, it doesn't hurt your
+  application to makes mistakes in your first few PRs as long as your
+  work improves.

-Check out our [outreach programs
-overview](https://zulip.readthedocs.io/en/latest/outreach/overview.html) to learn
-more about participating in an outreach program with Zulip. Most of our program
-participants end up sticking around the project long-term, and many have become
-core team members, maintaining important parts of the project. We hope you
-apply!
+Zulip also participates in
+[Google Code-In](https://developers.google.com/open-source/gci/). Our
+selection criteria for Finalists and Grand Prize Winners is the same as our
+selection criteria for interns above.

-## Stay connected
+Most of our interns end up sticking around the project long-term, and many
+quickly become core team members. We hope you apply!

-Even if you are not logging into the development community on a regular basis,
-you can still stay connected with the project.
+### Google Summer of Code

- Follow us [on Twitter](https://twitter.com/zulip).
- Subscribe to [our blog](https://blog.zulip.org/).
- Join or follow the project [on LinkedIn](https://www.linkedin.com/company/zulip-project/).
+GSoC is by far the largest of our internship programs (14 students in
+2017; 11 in 2018; 17 in 2019).  While we don't control how many slots
+Google allocates to Zulip, we hope to mentor a similar number of
+students in future summers.

-## Help others find Zulip
+If you're reading this well before the application deadline and want
+to make your application strong, we recommend getting involved in the
+community and fixing issues in Zulip now. Having good contributions
+and building a reputation for doing good work is best way to have a
+strong application.  About half of Zulip's GSoC students for Summer
+2017 had made significant contributions to the project by February
+2017, and about half had not.  Our
+[GSoC project ideas page][gsoc-guide] has lots more details on how
+Zulip does GSoC, as well as project ideas (though the project idea
+list is maintained only during the GSoC application period, so if
+you're looking at some other time of year, the project list is likely
+out-of-date).

-Here are some ways you can help others find Zulip:
+We also have in some past years run a Zulip Summer of Code (ZSoC)
+program for students who we didn't have enough slots to accept for
+GSoC but were able to find funding for.  Student expectations are the
+same as with GSoC, and it has no separate application process; your
+GSoC application is your ZSoC application.  If we'd like to select you
+for ZSoC, we'll contact you when the GSoC results are announced.

- Star us on GitHub. There are four main repositories:
+[gsoc-guide]: https://zulip.readthedocs.io/en/latest/overview/gsoc-ideas.html
+[gsoc-faq]: https://developers.google.com/open-source/gsoc/faq
+
+[1] Formally, [GSoC isn't an internship][gsoc-faq], but it is similar
+enough that we're treating it as such for the purposes of this
+documentation.
+
+## Zulip Outreach
+
+**Upvoting Zulip**. Upvotes and reviews make a big difference in the public
+perception of projects like Zulip. We've collected a few sites below
+where we know Zulip has been discussed. Doing everything in the following
+list typically takes about 15 minutes.
+* Star us on GitHub. There are four main repositories:
  [server/web](https://github.com/zulip/zulip),
-  [Flutter mobile](https://github.com/zulip/zulip-flutter),
+  [mobile](https://github.com/zulip/zulip-mobile),
  [desktop](https://github.com/zulip/zulip-desktop), and
  [Python API](https://github.com/zulip/python-zulip-api).
+* [Follow us](https://twitter.com/zulip) on Twitter.

- "Like" and retweet [our tweets](https://twitter.com/zulip).
+For both of the following, you'll need to make an account on the site if you
+don't already have one.

- Upvote and post feedback on Zulip on comparison websites. A couple specific
-  ones to highlight:
+* [Like Zulip](https://alternativeto.net/software/zulip-chat-server/) on
+  AlternativeTo. We recommend upvoting a couple of other products you like
+  as well, both to give back to their community, and since single-upvote
+  accounts are generally given less weight. You can also
+  [upvote Zulip](https://alternativeto.net/software/slack/) on their page
+  for Slack.
+* [Add Zulip to your stack](https://stackshare.io/zulip) on StackShare, star
+  it, and upvote the reasons why people like Zulip that you find most
+  compelling. Again, we recommend adding a few other products that you like
+  as well.

-  - [AlternativeTo](https://alternativeto.net/software/zulip-chat-server/). You can also
-    [upvote Zulip](https://alternativeto.net/software/slack/) on their page
-    for Slack.
-  - [Add Zulip to your stack](https://stackshare.io/zulip) on StackShare, star
-    it, and upvote the reasons why people like Zulip that you find most
-    compelling.
+We have a doc with more detailed instructions and a few other sites, if you
+have been using Zulip for a while and want to contribute more.
+
+**Blog posts**. Writing a blog post about your experiences with Zulip, or
+about a technical aspect of Zulip can be a great way to spread the word
+about Zulip.
+
+We also occasionally [publish](http://blog.zulip.org/) longer form
+articles related to Zulip. Our posts typically get tens of thousands
+of views, and we always have good ideas for blog posts that we can
+outline but don't have time to write. If you are an experienced writer
+or copyeditor, send us a portfolio; we'd love to talk!
--- a/36
+++ b/36
@@ -1,25 +1,23 @@
-# This is a multiarch Dockerfile.  See https://docs.docker.com/desktop/multi-arch/
-#
-# To set up the first time:
-#     docker buildx create --name multiarch --use
-#
-# To build:
-#     docker buildx build --platform linux/amd64,linux/arm64 \
-#       -f ./Dockerfile-postgresql -t zulip/zulip-postgresql:14 --push .
+# To build run `docker build -f Dockerfile-postgresql .` from the root of the
+# zulip repo.

-# Currently the PostgreSQL images do not support automatic upgrading of
-# the on-disk data in volumes. So the base image cannot currently be upgraded
+# Currently the postgres images do not support automatic upgrading of
+# the on-disk data in volumes. So the base image can not currently be upgraded
 # without users needing a manual pgdump and restore.

-# https://hub.docker.com/r/groonga/pgroonga/tags
-ARG PGROONGA_VERSION=latest
-ARG POSTGRESQL_VERSION=14
-FROM groonga/pgroonga:$PGROONGA_VERSION-alpine-$POSTGRESQL_VERSION-slim
-
-# Install hunspell, Zulip stop words, and run Zulip database
+# Install hunspell, zulip stop words, and run zulip database
 # init.
-RUN apk add -U --no-cache hunspell-en
-RUN ln -sf /usr/share/hunspell/en_US.dic /usr/local/share/postgresql/tsearch_data/en_us.dict && ln -sf /usr/share/hunspell/en_US.aff /usr/local/share/postgresql/tsearch_data/en_us.affix
-COPY puppet/zulip/files/postgresql/zulip_english.stop /usr/local/share/postgresql/tsearch_data/zulip_english.stop
+FROM postgres:10
+COPY puppet/zulip/files/postgresql/zulip_english.stop /usr/share/postgresql/$PG_MAJOR/tsearch_data/zulip_english.stop
 COPY scripts/setup/create-db.sql /docker-entrypoint-initdb.d/zulip-create-db.sql
 COPY scripts/setup/create-pgroonga.sql /docker-entrypoint-initdb.d/zulip-create-pgroonga.sql
+COPY scripts/setup/pgroonga-debian.asc /tmp
+RUN apt-key add /tmp/pgroonga-debian.asc \
+    && echo "deb http://packages.groonga.org/debian/ stretch main" > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/zulip.list \
+    && apt-get update \
+    && DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive apt-get install --no-install-recommends -y \
+       hunspell-en-us \
+       postgresql-${PG_MAJOR}-pgroonga \
+    && ln -sf /var/cache/postgresql/dicts/en_us.dict "/usr/share/postgresql/$PG_MAJOR/tsearch_data/en_us.dict" \
+    && ln -sf /var/cache/postgresql/dicts/en_us.affix "/usr/share/postgresql/$PG_MAJOR/tsearch_data/en_us.affix" \
+    && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
--- a/1
+++ b/1
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+Copyright 2011-2018 Dropbox, Inc., Kandra Labs, Inc., and contributors

                                 Apache License
                           Version 2.0, January 2004
--- a/2
+++ b/2
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-Copyright 2012–2015 Dropbox, Inc., 2015–2021 Kandra Labs, Inc., and contributors
-
 Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 you may not use this project except in compliance with the License.
 You may obtain a copy of the License at
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -1,82 +1,82 @@
 # Zulip overview

-[Zulip](https://zulip.com) is an open-source team collaboration tool with unique
-[topic-based threading][why-zulip] that combines the best of email and chat to
-make remote work productive and delightful. Fortune 500 companies, [leading open
-source projects][rust-case-study], and thousands of other organizations use
-Zulip every day. Zulip is the only [modern team chat app][features] that is
-designed for both live and asynchronous conversations.
+Zulip is a powerful, open source group chat application that combines the
+immediacy of real-time chat with the productivity benefits of threaded
+conversations. Zulip is used by open source projects, Fortune 500 companies,
+large standards bodies, and others who need a real-time chat system that
+allows users to easily process hundreds or thousands of messages a day. With
+over 500 contributors merging over 500 commits a month, Zulip is also the
+largest and fastest growing open source group chat project.

-Zulip is built by a distributed community of developers from all around the
-world, with 74+ people who have each contributed 100+ commits. With
-over 1000 contributors merging over 500 commits a month, Zulip is the
-largest and fastest growing open source team chat project.
-
-Come find us on the [development community chat](https://zulip.com/development-community/)!
-
-[![GitHub Actions build status](https://github.com/zulip/zulip/actions/workflows/zulip-ci.yml/badge.svg)](https://github.com/zulip/zulip/actions/workflows/zulip-ci.yml?query=branch%3Amain)
-[![coverage status](https://img.shields.io/codecov/c/github/zulip/zulip/main.svg)](https://codecov.io/gh/zulip/zulip)
+[![CircleCI branch](https://img.shields.io/circleci/project/github/zulip/zulip/master.svg)](https://circleci.com/gh/zulip/zulip/tree/master)
+[![Coverage Status](https://img.shields.io/codecov/c/github/zulip/zulip/master.svg)](https://codecov.io/gh/zulip/zulip/branch/master)
 [![Mypy coverage](https://img.shields.io/badge/mypy-100%25-green.svg)][mypy-coverage]
-[![Ruff](https://img.shields.io/endpoint?url=https://raw.githubusercontent.com/astral-sh/ruff/main/assets/badge/v2.json)](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff)
-[![code style: prettier](https://img.shields.io/badge/code_style-prettier-ff69b4.svg)](https://github.com/prettier/prettier)
 [![GitHub release](https://img.shields.io/github/release/zulip/zulip.svg)](https://github.com/zulip/zulip/releases/latest)
 [![docs](https://readthedocs.org/projects/zulip/badge/?version=latest)](https://zulip.readthedocs.io/en/latest/)
 [![Zulip chat](https://img.shields.io/badge/zulip-join_chat-brightgreen.svg)](https://chat.zulip.org)
 [![Twitter](https://img.shields.io/badge/twitter-@zulip-blue.svg?style=flat)](https://twitter.com/zulip)
-[![GitHub Sponsors](https://img.shields.io/github/sponsors/zulip)](https://github.com/sponsors/zulip)

 [mypy-coverage]: https://blog.zulip.org/2016/10/13/static-types-in-python-oh-mypy/
-[why-zulip]: https://zulip.com/why-zulip/
-[rust-case-study]: https://zulip.com/case-studies/rust/
-[features]: https://zulip.com/features/

 ## Getting started

- **Contributing code**. Check out our [guide for new
-  contributors](https://zulip.readthedocs.io/en/latest/contributing/contributing.html)
-  to get started. We have invested in making Zulip’s code highly
-  readable, thoughtfully tested, and easy to modify. Beyond that, we
-  have written an extraordinary 150K words of documentation for Zulip
-  contributors.
+Click on the appropriate link below. If nothing seems to apply,
+join us on the
+[Zulip community server](https://zulip.readthedocs.io/en/latest/contributing/chat-zulip-org.html)
+and tell us what's up!

- **Contributing non-code**. [Report an
-  issue](https://zulip.readthedocs.io/en/latest/contributing/contributing.html#reporting-issues),
-  [translate](https://zulip.readthedocs.io/en/latest/translating/translating.html)
-  Zulip into your language, or [give us
-  feedback](https://zulip.readthedocs.io/en/latest/contributing/contributing.html#user-feedback).
-  We'd love to hear from you, whether you've been using Zulip for years, or are just
-  trying it out for the first time.
+You might be interested in:

- **Checking Zulip out**. The best way to see Zulip in action is to drop by the
-  [Zulip community server](https://zulip.com/development-community/). We also
-  recommend reading about Zulip's [unique
-  approach](https://zulip.com/why-zulip/) to organizing conversations.
+* **Contributing code**. Check out our
+  [guide for new contributors](https://zulip.readthedocs.io/en/latest/overview/contributing.html)
+  to get started. Zulip prides itself on maintaining a clean and
+  well-tested codebase, and a stock of hundreds of
+  [beginner-friendly issues][beginner-friendly].

- **Running a Zulip server**. Self-host Zulip directly on Ubuntu or Debian
-  Linux, in [Docker](https://github.com/zulip/docker-zulip), or with prebuilt
-  images for [Digital Ocean](https://marketplace.digitalocean.com/apps/zulip) and
-  [Render](https://render.com/docs/deploy-zulip).
-  Learn more about [self-hosting Zulip](https://zulip.com/self-hosting/).
+* **Contributing non-code**.
+  [Report an issue](https://zulip.readthedocs.io/en/latest/overview/contributing.html#reporting-issue),
+  [translate](https://zulip.readthedocs.io/en/latest/translating/translating.html) Zulip
+  into your language,
+  [write](https://zulip.readthedocs.io/en/latest/overview/contributing.html#zulip-outreach)
+  for the Zulip blog, or
+  [give us feedback](https://zulip.readthedocs.io/en/latest/overview/contributing.html#user-feedback). We
+  would love to hear from you, even if you're just trying the product out.

- **Using Zulip without setting up a server**. Learn about [Zulip
-  Cloud](https://zulip.com/plans/) hosting options. Zulip sponsors free [Zulip
-  Cloud Standard](https://zulip.com/plans/) for hundreds of worthy
-  organizations, including [fellow open-source
-  projects](https://zulip.com/for/open-source/).
+* **Supporting Zulip**. Advocate for your organization to use Zulip, write a
+  review in the mobile app stores, or
+  [upvote Zulip](https://zulip.readthedocs.io/en/latest/overview/contributing.html#zulip-outreach) on
+  product comparison sites.

- **Participating in [outreach
-  programs](https://zulip.readthedocs.io/en/latest/contributing/contributing.html#outreach-programs)**
-  like [Google Summer of Code](https://developers.google.com/open-source/gsoc/)
-  and [Outreachy](https://www.outreachy.org/).
+* **Checking Zulip out**. The best way to see Zulip in action is to drop by
+  the
+  [Zulip community server](https://zulip.readthedocs.io/en/latest/contributing/chat-zulip-org.html). We
+  also recommend reading Zulip for
+  [open source](https://zulipchat.com/for/open-source/), Zulip for
+  [companies](https://zulipchat.com/for/companies/), or Zulip for
+  [working groups and part time communities](https://zulipchat.com/for/working-groups-and-communities/).

- **Supporting Zulip**. Advocate for your organization to use Zulip, become a
-  [sponsor](https://github.com/sponsors/zulip), write a review in the mobile app
-  stores, or [help others find
-  Zulip](https://zulip.readthedocs.io/en/latest/contributing/contributing.html#help-others-find-zulip).
+* **Running a Zulip server**. Use a preconfigured [Digital Ocean droplet](https://marketplace.digitalocean.com/apps/zulip),
+  [install Zulip](https://zulip.readthedocs.io/en/stable/production/install.html)
+  directly, or use Zulip's
+  experimental [Docker image](https://zulip.readthedocs.io/en/latest/production/deployment.html#zulip-in-docker).
+  Commercial support is available; see <https://zulipchat.com/plans> for details.

-You may also be interested in reading our [blog](https://blog.zulip.org/), and
-following us on [Twitter](https://twitter.com/zulip) and
-[LinkedIn](https://www.linkedin.com/company/zulip-project/).
+* **Using Zulip without setting up a server**. <https://zulipchat.com> offers
+  free and commercial hosting.

+* **Applying for a Zulip internship**. Zulip runs internship programs with
+  [Outreachy](https://www.outreachy.org/),
+  [Google Summer of Code](https://developers.google.com/open-source/gsoc/),
+  and the
+  [MIT Externship program](https://alum.mit.edu/students/NetworkwithAlumni/ExternshipProgram). Zulip
+  also participates in
+  [Google Code-In](https://developers.google.com/open-source/gci/). More
+  information is available
+  [here](https://zulip.readthedocs.io/en/latest/overview/contributing.html#internship-programs).
+
+You may also be interested in reading our [blog](http://blog.zulip.org/) or
+following us on [twitter](https://twitter.com/zulip).
 Zulip is distributed under the
-[Apache 2.0](https://github.com/zulip/zulip/blob/main/LICENSE) license.
+[Apache 2.0](https://github.com/zulip/zulip/blob/master/LICENSE) license.
+
+[beginner-friendly]: https://github.com/zulip/zulip/issues?q=is%3Aopen+is%3Aissue+label%3A%22good+first+issue%22
--- a/SECURITY.md
+++ b/SECURITY.md
@@ -1,37 +0,0 @@
-# Security policy
-
-## Reporting a vulnerability
-
-We love responsible reports of (potential) security issues in Zulip,
-whether in the latest release or our development branch.
-
-Our security contact is security@zulip.com. Reporters should expect a
-response within 24 hours.
-
-Please include details on the issue and how you'd like to be credited
-in our release notes when we publish the fix.
-
-Our [security model][security-model] document may be a helpful
-resource.
-
-## Security announcements
-
-We send security announcements to our [announcement mailing
-list](https://groups.google.com/g/zulip-announce). If you are running
-Zulip in production, you should subscribe, by clicking "Join group" at
-the top of that page.
-
-## Supported versions
-
-Zulip provides security support for the latest major release, in the
-form of minor security/maintenance releases.
-
-We work hard to make [upgrades][upgrades] reliable, so that there's no
-reason to run older major releases.
-
-See also our documentation on the [Zulip release
-lifecycle][release-lifecycle].
-
-[security-model]: https://zulip.readthedocs.io/en/latest/production/security-model.html
-[upgrades]: https://zulip.readthedocs.io/en/stable/production/upgrade.html#upgrading-to-a-release
-[release-lifecycle]: https://zulip.readthedocs.io/en/latest/overview/release-lifecycle.html
--- a/155
+++ b/155
@@ -1,8 +1,53 @@
 # -*- mode: ruby -*-

-Vagrant.require_version ">= 2.2.6"
+VAGRANTFILE_API_VERSION = "2"
+
+def command?(name)
+  `which #{name} > /dev/null 2>&1`
+  $?.success?
+end
+
+if Vagrant::VERSION == "1.8.7" then
+    path = `which curl`
+    if path.include?('/opt/vagrant/embedded/bin/curl') then
+        puts "In Vagrant 1.8.7, curl is broken. Please use Vagrant 2.0.2 "\
+             "or run 'sudo rm -f /opt/vagrant/embedded/bin/curl' to fix the "\
+             "issue before provisioning. See "\
+             "https://github.com/mitchellh/vagrant/issues/7997 "\
+             "for reference."
+        exit
+    end
+end
+
+# Workaround: Vagrant removed the atlas.hashicorp.com to
+# vagrantcloud.com redirect in February 2018. The value of
+# DEFAULT_SERVER_URL in Vagrant versions less than 1.9.3 is
+# atlas.hashicorp.com, which means that removal broke the fetching and
+# updating of boxes (since the old URL doesn't work).  See
+# https://github.com/hashicorp/vagrant/issues/9442
+if Vagrant::DEFAULT_SERVER_URL == "atlas.hashicorp.com"
+  Vagrant::DEFAULT_SERVER_URL.replace('https://vagrantcloud.com')
+end
+
+# Monkey patch https://github.com/hashicorp/vagrant/pull/10879 so we
+# can fall back to another provider if docker is not installed.
+begin
+  require Vagrant.source_root.join("plugins", "providers", "docker", "provider")
+rescue LoadError
+else
+  VagrantPlugins::DockerProvider::Provider.class_eval do
+    method(:usable?).owner == singleton_class or def self.usable?(raise_error=false)
+      VagrantPlugins::DockerProvider::Driver.new.execute("docker", "version")
+      true
+    rescue Vagrant::Errors::CommandUnavailable, VagrantPlugins::DockerProvider::Errors::ExecuteError
+      raise if raise_error
+      return false
+    end
+  end
+end
+
+Vagrant.configure(VAGRANTFILE_API_VERSION) do |config|

-Vagrant.configure("2") do |config|
  # The Zulip development environment runs on 9991 on the guest.
  host_port = 9991
  http_proxy = https_proxy = no_proxy = nil
@@ -13,20 +58,17 @@ Vagrant.configure("2") do |config|
  vm_memory = "2048"

  ubuntu_mirror = ""
-  vboxadd_version = nil
-
-  config.vm.box = "bento/ubuntu-22.04"

  config.vm.synced_folder ".", "/vagrant", disabled: true
-  config.vm.synced_folder ".", "/srv/zulip", docker_consistency: "z"
+  config.vm.synced_folder ".", "/srv/zulip"

-  vagrant_config_file = ENV["HOME"] + "/.zulip-vagrant-config"
+  vagrant_config_file = ENV['HOME'] + "/.zulip-vagrant-config"
  if File.file?(vagrant_config_file)
    IO.foreach(vagrant_config_file) do |line|
      line.chomp!
      key, value = line.split(nil, 2)
      case key
-      when /^([#;]|$)/ # ignore comments
+      when /^([#;]|$)/; # ignore comments
      when "HTTP_PROXY"; http_proxy = value
      when "HTTPS_PROXY"; https_proxy = value
      when "NO_PROXY"; no_proxy = value
@@ -35,7 +77,6 @@ Vagrant.configure("2") do |config|
      when "GUEST_CPUS"; vm_num_cpus = value
      when "GUEST_MEMORY_MB"; vm_memory = value
      when "UBUNTU_MIRROR"; ubuntu_mirror = value
-      when "VBOXADD_VERSION"; vboxadd_version = value
      end
    end
  end
@@ -53,9 +94,9 @@ Vagrant.configure("2") do |config|
  elsif !http_proxy.nil? or !https_proxy.nil?
    # This prints twice due to https://github.com/hashicorp/vagrant/issues/7504
    # We haven't figured out a workaround.
-    puts "You have specified value for proxy in ~/.zulip-vagrant-config file but did not " \
-         "install the vagrant-proxyconf plugin. To install it, run `vagrant plugin install " \
-         "vagrant-proxyconf` in a terminal.  This error will appear twice."
+    puts 'You have specified value for proxy in ~/.zulip-vagrant-config file but did not ' \
+         'install the vagrant-proxyconf plugin. To install it, run `vagrant plugin install ' \
+         'vagrant-proxyconf` in a terminal.  This error will appear twice.'
    exit
  end

@@ -63,7 +104,6 @@ Vagrant.configure("2") do |config|
  config.vm.network "forwarded_port", guest: 9994, host: host_port + 3, host_ip: host_ip_addr
  # Specify Docker provider before VirtualBox provider so it's preferred.
  config.vm.provider "docker" do |d, override|
-    override.vm.box = nil
    d.build_dir = File.join(__dir__, "tools", "setup", "dev-vagrant-docker")
    d.build_args = ["--build-arg", "VAGRANT_UID=#{Process.uid}"]
    if !ubuntu_mirror.empty?
@@ -74,35 +114,82 @@ Vagrant.configure("2") do |config|
  end

  config.vm.provider "virtualbox" do |vb, override|
+    override.vm.box = "ubuntu/bionic64"
+    # An unnecessary log file gets generated when running vagrant up for the
+    # first time with the Ubuntu Bionic box. This looks like it is being
+    # caused upstream by the base box containing a Vagrantfile with a similar
+    # line to the one below.
+    # see https://github.com/hashicorp/vagrant/issues/9425
+    vb.customize [ "modifyvm", :id, "--uartmode1", "disconnected" ]
    # It's possible we can get away with just 1.5GB; more testing needed
    vb.memory = vm_memory
    vb.cpus = vm_num_cpus
-
-    if !vboxadd_version.nil?
-      override.vbguest.installer = Class.new(VagrantVbguest::Installers::Ubuntu) do
-        define_method(:host_version) do |reload = false|
-          VagrantVbguest::Version(vboxadd_version)
-        end
-      end
-      override.vbguest.allow_downgrade = true
-      override.vbguest.iso_path = "https://download.virtualbox.org/virtualbox/#{vboxadd_version}/VBoxGuestAdditions_#{vboxadd_version}.iso"
-    end
  end

-  config.vm.provider "hyperv" do |h, override|
-    h.memory = vm_memory
-    h.maxmemory = vm_memory
-    h.cpus = vm_num_cpus
-  end
+$provision_script = <<SCRIPT
+set -x
+set -e
+set -o pipefail

-  config.vm.provider "parallels" do |prl, override|
-    prl.memory = vm_memory
-    prl.cpus = vm_num_cpus
-  end
+# Code should go here, rather than tools/provision, only if it is
+# something that we don't want to happen when running provision in a
+# development environment not using Vagrant.
+
+# Set the Ubuntu mirror
+[ ! '#{ubuntu_mirror}' ] || sudo sed -i 's|http://\\(\\w*\\.\\)*archive\\.ubuntu\\.com/ubuntu/\\? |#{ubuntu_mirror} |' /etc/apt/sources.list
+
+# Set the MOTD on the system to have Zulip instructions
+sudo ln -nsf /srv/zulip/tools/setup/dev-motd /etc/update-motd.d/99-zulip-dev
+sudo rm -f /etc/update-motd.d/10-help-text
+sudo dpkg --purge landscape-client landscape-common ubuntu-release-upgrader-core update-manager-core update-notifier-common ubuntu-server
+sudo dpkg-divert --add --rename /etc/default/motd-news
+sudo sh -c 'echo ENABLED=0 > /etc/default/motd-news'
+
+# If the host is running SELinux remount the /sys/fs/selinux directory as read only,
+# needed for apt-get to work.
+if [ -d "/sys/fs/selinux" ]; then
+    sudo mount -o remount,ro /sys/fs/selinux
+fi
+
+# Set default locale, this prevents errors if the user has another locale set.
+if ! grep -q 'LC_ALL=en_US.UTF-8' /etc/default/locale; then
+    echo "LC_ALL=en_US.UTF-8" | sudo tee -a /etc/default/locale
+fi
+
+# Set an environment variable, so that we won't print the virtualenv
+# shell warning (it'll be wrong, since the shell is dying anyway)
+export SKIP_VENV_SHELL_WARNING=1
+
+# End `set -x`, so that the end of provision doesn't look like an error
+# message after a successful run.
+set +x
+
+# Check if the zulip directory is writable
+if [ ! -w /srv/zulip ]; then
+    echo "The vagrant user is unable to write to the zulip directory."
+    echo "To fix this, run the following commands on the host machine:"
+    # sudo is required since our uid is not 1000
+    echo '    vagrant halt -f'
+    echo '    rm -rf /PATH/TO/ZULIP/CLONE/.vagrant'
+    echo '    sudo chown -R 1000:$(id -g) /PATH/TO/ZULIP/CLONE'
+    echo "Replace /PATH/TO/ZULIP/CLONE with the path to where zulip code is cloned."
+    echo "You can resume setting up your vagrant environment by running:"
+    echo "    vagrant up"
+    exit 1
+fi
+# Provision the development environment
+ln -nsf /srv/zulip ~/zulip
+/srv/zulip/tools/provision
+
+# Run any custom provision hooks the user has configured
+if [ -f /srv/zulip/tools/custom_provision ]; then
+    chmod +x /srv/zulip/tools/custom_provision
+    /srv/zulip/tools/custom_provision
+fi
+SCRIPT

  config.vm.provision "shell",
    # We want provision to be run with the permissions of the vagrant user.
    privileged: false,
-    path: "tools/setup/vagrant-provision",
-    env: { "UBUNTU_MIRROR" => ubuntu_mirror }
+    inline: $provision_script
 end
--- a/analytics/lib/counts.py
+++ b/analytics/lib/counts.py
--- a/analytics/lib/fixtures.py
+++ b/analytics/lib/fixtures.py
@@ -1,21 +1,14 @@
 from math import sqrt
-from random import Random
+from random import gauss, random, seed
+from typing import List

 from analytics.lib.counts import CountStat

-
-def generate_time_series_data(
-    days: int = 100,
-    business_hours_base: float = 10,
-    non_business_hours_base: float = 10,
-    growth: float = 1,
-    autocorrelation: float = 0,
-    spikiness: float = 1,
-    holiday_rate: float = 0,
-    frequency: str = CountStat.DAY,
-    partial_sum: bool = False,
-    random_seed: int = 26,
-) -> list[int]:
+def generate_time_series_data(days: int=100, business_hours_base: float=10,
+                              non_business_hours_base: float=10, growth: float=1,
+                              autocorrelation: float=0, spikiness: float=1,
+                              holiday_rate: float=0, frequency: str=CountStat.DAY,
+                              partial_sum: bool=False, random_seed: int=26) -> List[int]:
    """
    Generate semi-realistic looking time series data for testing analytics graphs.

@@ -35,43 +28,36 @@ def generate_time_series_data(
    partial_sum -- If True, return partial sum of the series.
    random_seed -- Seed for random number generator.
    """
-    rng = Random(random_seed)
-
    if frequency == CountStat.HOUR:
-        length = days * 24
+        length = days*24
        seasonality = [non_business_hours_base] * 24 * 7
        for day in range(5):
            for hour in range(8):
-                seasonality[24 * day + hour] = business_hours_base
-        holidays = []
+                seasonality[24*day + hour] = business_hours_base
+        holidays  = []
        for i in range(days):
-            holidays.extend([rng.random() < holiday_rate] * 24)
+            holidays.extend([random() < holiday_rate] * 24)
    elif frequency == CountStat.DAY:
        length = days
-        seasonality = [8 * business_hours_base + 16 * non_business_hours_base] * 5 + [
-            24 * non_business_hours_base
-        ] * 2
-        holidays = [rng.random() < holiday_rate for i in range(days)]
+        seasonality = [8*business_hours_base + 16*non_business_hours_base] * 5 + \
+                      [24*non_business_hours_base] * 2
+        holidays = [random() < holiday_rate for i in range(days)]
    else:
-        raise AssertionError(f"Unknown frequency: {frequency}")
+        raise AssertionError("Unknown frequency: %s" % (frequency,))
    if length < 2:
-        raise AssertionError(
-            f"Must be generating at least 2 data points. Currently generating {length}"
-        )
-    growth_base = growth ** (1.0 / (length - 1))
+        raise AssertionError("Must be generating at least 2 data points. "
+                             "Currently generating %s" % (length,))
+    growth_base = growth ** (1. / (length-1))
    values_no_noise = [seasonality[i % len(seasonality)] * (growth_base**i) for i in range(length)]

-    noise_scalars = [rng.gauss(0, 1)]
+    seed(random_seed)
+    noise_scalars = [gauss(0, 1)]
    for i in range(1, length):
-        noise_scalars.append(
-            noise_scalars[-1] * autocorrelation + rng.gauss(0, 1) * (1 - autocorrelation)
-        )
+        noise_scalars.append(noise_scalars[-1]*autocorrelation + gauss(0, 1)*(1-autocorrelation))

-    values = [
-        0 if holiday else int(v + sqrt(v) * noise_scalar * spikiness)
-        for v, noise_scalar, holiday in zip(values_no_noise, noise_scalars, holidays, strict=False)
-    ]
+    values = [0 if holiday else int(v + sqrt(v)*noise_scalar*spikiness)
+              for v, noise_scalar, holiday in zip(values_no_noise, noise_scalars, holidays)]
    if partial_sum:
        for i in range(1, length):
-            values[i] = values[i - 1] + values[i]
+            values[i] = values[i-1] + values[i]
    return [max(v, 0) for v in values]
--- a/analytics/lib/time_utils.py
+++ b/analytics/lib/time_utils.py
@@ -1,16 +1,15 @@
 from datetime import datetime, timedelta
+from typing import List, Optional

 from analytics.lib.counts import CountStat
 from zerver.lib.timestamp import floor_to_day, floor_to_hour, verify_UTC

-
 # If min_length is None, returns end_times from ceiling(start) to floor(end), inclusive.
 # If min_length is greater than 0, pads the list to the left.
 # So informally, time_range(Sep 20, Sep 22, day, None) returns [Sep 20, Sep 21, Sep 22],
 # and time_range(Sep 20, Sep 22, day, 5) returns [Sep 18, Sep 19, Sep 20, Sep 21, Sep 22]
-def time_range(
-    start: datetime, end: datetime, frequency: str, min_length: int | None
-) -> list[datetime]:
+def time_range(start: datetime, end: datetime, frequency: str,
+               min_length: Optional[int]) -> List[datetime]:
    verify_UTC(start)
    verify_UTC(end)
    if frequency == CountStat.HOUR:
@@ -20,14 +19,13 @@ def time_range(
        end = floor_to_day(end)
        step = timedelta(days=1)
    else:
-        raise AssertionError(f"Unknown frequency: {frequency}")
+        raise AssertionError("Unknown frequency: %s" % (frequency,))

    times = []
    if min_length is not None:
-        start = min(start, end - (min_length - 1) * step)
+        start = min(start, end - (min_length-1)*step)
    current = end
    while current >= start:
        times.append(current)
        current -= step
-    times.reverse()
-    return times
+    return list(reversed(times))
--- a/analytics/management/commands/analyze_mit.py
+++ b/analytics/management/commands/analyze_mit.py
@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+import datetime
+import logging
+import time
+from typing import Any, Dict
+
+from django.core.management.base import BaseCommand, CommandParser
+
+from zerver.lib.timestamp import timestamp_to_datetime
+from zerver.models import Message, Recipient
+
+def compute_stats(log_level: int) -> None:
+    logger = logging.getLogger()
+    logger.setLevel(log_level)
+
+    one_week_ago = timestamp_to_datetime(time.time()) - datetime.timedelta(weeks=1)
+    mit_query = Message.objects.filter(sender__realm__string_id="zephyr",
+                                       recipient__type=Recipient.STREAM,
+                                       date_sent__gt=one_week_ago)
+    for bot_sender_start in ["imap.", "rcmd.", "sys."]:
+        mit_query = mit_query.exclude(sender__email__startswith=(bot_sender_start))
+    # Filtering for "/" covers tabbott/extra@ and all the daemon/foo bots.
+    mit_query = mit_query.exclude(sender__email__contains=("/"))
+    mit_query = mit_query.exclude(sender__email__contains=("aim.com"))
+    mit_query = mit_query.exclude(
+        sender__email__in=["rss@mit.edu", "bash@mit.edu", "apache@mit.edu",
+                           "bitcoin@mit.edu", "lp@mit.edu", "clocks@mit.edu",
+                           "root@mit.edu", "nagios@mit.edu",
+                           "www-data|local-realm@mit.edu"])
+    user_counts = {}  # type: Dict[str, Dict[str, int]]
+    for m in mit_query.select_related("sending_client", "sender"):
+        email = m.sender.email
+        user_counts.setdefault(email, {})
+        user_counts[email].setdefault(m.sending_client.name, 0)
+        user_counts[email][m.sending_client.name] += 1
+
+    total_counts = {}  # type: Dict[str, int]
+    total_user_counts = {}  # type: Dict[str, int]
+    for email, counts in user_counts.items():
+        total_user_counts.setdefault(email, 0)
+        for client_name, count in counts.items():
+            total_counts.setdefault(client_name, 0)
+            total_counts[client_name] += count
+            total_user_counts[email] += count
+
+    logging.debug("%40s | %10s | %s" % ("User", "Messages", "Percentage Zulip"))
+    top_percents = {}  # type: Dict[int, float]
+    for size in [10, 25, 50, 100, 200, len(total_user_counts.keys())]:
+        top_percents[size] = 0.0
+    for i, email in enumerate(sorted(total_user_counts.keys(),
+                                     key=lambda x: -total_user_counts[x])):
+        percent_zulip = round(100 - (user_counts[email].get("zephyr_mirror", 0)) * 100. /
+                              total_user_counts[email], 1)
+        for size in top_percents.keys():
+            top_percents.setdefault(size, 0)
+            if i < size:
+                top_percents[size] += (percent_zulip * 1.0 / size)
+
+        logging.debug("%40s | %10s | %s%%" % (email, total_user_counts[email],
+                                              percent_zulip))
+
+    logging.info("")
+    for size in sorted(top_percents.keys()):
+        logging.info("Top %6s | %s%%" % (size, round(top_percents[size], 1)))
+
+    grand_total = sum(total_counts.values())
+    print(grand_total)
+    logging.info("%15s | %s" % ("Client", "Percentage"))
+    for client in total_counts.keys():
+        logging.info("%15s | %s%%" % (client, round(100. * total_counts[client] / grand_total, 1)))
+
+class Command(BaseCommand):
+    help = "Compute statistics on MIT Zephyr usage."
+
+    def add_arguments(self, parser: CommandParser) -> None:
+        parser.add_argument('--verbose', default=False, action='store_true')
+
+    def handle(self, *args: Any, **options: Any) -> None:
+        level = logging.INFO
+        if options["verbose"]:
+            level = logging.DEBUG
+        compute_stats(level)
--- a/analytics/management/commands/analyze_user_activity.py
+++ b/analytics/management/commands/analyze_user_activity.py
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+import datetime
+from typing import Any, Dict
+
+from django.core.management.base import BaseCommand, CommandParser
+from django.utils.timezone import utc
+
+from zerver.lib.statistics import seconds_usage_between
+from zerver.models import UserProfile
+
+def analyze_activity(options: Dict[str, Any]) -> None:
+    day_start = datetime.datetime.strptime(options["date"], "%Y-%m-%d").replace(tzinfo=utc)
+    day_end = day_start + datetime.timedelta(days=options["duration"])
+
+    user_profile_query = UserProfile.objects.all()
+    if options["realm"]:
+        user_profile_query = user_profile_query.filter(realm__string_id=options["realm"])
+
+    print("Per-user online duration:\n")
+    total_duration = datetime.timedelta(0)
+    for user_profile in user_profile_query:
+        duration = seconds_usage_between(user_profile, day_start, day_end)
+
+        if duration == datetime.timedelta(0):
+            continue
+
+        total_duration += duration
+        print("%-*s%s" % (37, user_profile.email, duration,))
+
+    print("\nTotal Duration:                      %s" % (total_duration,))
+    print("\nTotal Duration in minutes:           %s" % (total_duration.total_seconds() / 60.,))
+    print("Total Duration amortized to a month: %s" % (total_duration.total_seconds() * 30. / 60.,))
+
+class Command(BaseCommand):
+    help = """Report analytics of user activity on a per-user and realm basis.
+
+This command aggregates user activity data that is collected by each user using Zulip. It attempts
+to approximate how much each user has been using Zulip per day, measured by recording each 15 minute
+period where some activity has occurred (mouse move or keyboard activity).
+
+It will correctly not count server-initiated reloads in the activity statistics.
+
+The duration flag can be used to control how many days to show usage duration for
+
+Usage: ./manage.py analyze_user_activity [--realm=zulip] [--date=2013-09-10] [--duration=1]
+
+By default, if no date is selected 2013-09-10 is used. If no realm is provided, information
+is shown for all realms"""
+
+    def add_arguments(self, parser: CommandParser) -> None:
+        parser.add_argument('--realm', action='store')
+        parser.add_argument('--date', action='store', default="2013-09-06")
+        parser.add_argument('--duration', action='store', default=1, type=int,
+                            help="How many days to show usage information for")
+
+    def handle(self, *args: Any, **options: Any) -> None:
+        analyze_activity(options)
--- a/analytics/management/commands/check_analytics_state.py
+++ b/analytics/management/commands/check_analytics_state.py
@@ -1,57 +1,58 @@
-from dataclasses import dataclass
 from datetime import timedelta
-from typing import Any, Literal

+from django.core.management.base import BaseCommand
 from django.utils.timezone import now as timezone_now
-from typing_extensions import override

-from analytics.lib.counts import ALL_COUNT_STATS, CountStat
-from analytics.models import installation_epoch
-from scripts.lib.zulip_tools import atomic_nagios_write
-from zerver.lib.management import ZulipBaseCommand
-from zerver.lib.timestamp import TimeZoneNotUTCError, floor_to_day, floor_to_hour, verify_UTC
+from analytics.models import installation_epoch, \
+    last_successful_fill
+from analytics.lib.counts import COUNT_STATS, CountStat
+from zerver.lib.timestamp import floor_to_hour, floor_to_day, verify_UTC, \
+    TimezoneNotUTCException
 from zerver.models import Realm

+import os
+import time
+from typing import Any, Dict
+
 states = {
    0: "OK",
    1: "WARNING",
    2: "CRITICAL",
-    3: "UNKNOWN",
+    3: "UNKNOWN"
 }

-
-@dataclass
-class NagiosResult:
-    status: Literal["ok", "warning", "critical", "unknown"]
-    message: str
-
-
-class Command(ZulipBaseCommand):
+class Command(BaseCommand):
    help = """Checks FillState table.

    Run as a cron job that runs every hour."""

-    @override
    def handle(self, *args: Any, **options: Any) -> None:
        fill_state = self.get_fill_state()
-        atomic_nagios_write("check-analytics-state", fill_state.status, fill_state.message)
+        status = fill_state['status']
+        message = fill_state['message']

-    def get_fill_state(self) -> NagiosResult:
+        state_file_path = "/var/lib/nagios_state/check-analytics-state"
+        state_file_tmp = state_file_path + "-tmp"
+
+        with open(state_file_tmp, "w") as f:
+            f.write("%s|%s|%s|%s\n" % (
+                int(time.time()), status, states[status], message))
+        os.rename(state_file_tmp, state_file_path)
+
+    def get_fill_state(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
        if not Realm.objects.exists():
-            return NagiosResult(status="ok", message="No realms exist, so not checking FillState.")
+            return {'status': 0, 'message': 'No realms exist, so not checking FillState.'}

        warning_unfilled_properties = []
        critical_unfilled_properties = []
-        for property, stat in ALL_COUNT_STATS.items():
-            last_fill = stat.last_successful_fill()
+        for property, stat in COUNT_STATS.items():
+            last_fill = last_successful_fill(property)
            if last_fill is None:
                last_fill = installation_epoch()
            try:
                verify_UTC(last_fill)
-            except TimeZoneNotUTCError:
-                return NagiosResult(
-                    status="critical", message=f"FillState not in UTC for {property}"
-                )
+            except TimezoneNotUTCException:
+                return {'status': 2, 'message': 'FillState not in UTC for %s' % (property,)}

            if stat.frequency == CountStat.DAY:
                floor_function = floor_to_day
@@ -63,10 +64,8 @@ class Command(ZulipBaseCommand):
                critical_threshold = timedelta(minutes=150)

            if floor_function(last_fill) != last_fill:
-                return NagiosResult(
-                    status="critical",
-                    message=f"FillState not on {stat.frequency} boundary for {property}",
-                )
+                return {'status': 2, 'message': 'FillState not on %s boundary for %s' %
+                        (stat.frequency, property)}

            time_to_last_fill = timezone_now() - last_fill
            if time_to_last_fill > critical_threshold:
@@ -75,18 +74,9 @@ class Command(ZulipBaseCommand):
                warning_unfilled_properties.append(property)

        if len(critical_unfilled_properties) == 0 and len(warning_unfilled_properties) == 0:
-            return NagiosResult(status="ok", message="FillState looks fine.")
+            return {'status': 0, 'message': 'FillState looks fine.'}
        if len(critical_unfilled_properties) == 0:
-            return NagiosResult(
-                status="warning",
-                message="Missed filling {} once.".format(
-                    ", ".join(warning_unfilled_properties),
-                ),
-            )
-        return NagiosResult(
-            status="critical",
-            message="Missed filling {} once. Missed filling {} at least twice.".format(
-                ", ".join(warning_unfilled_properties),
-                ", ".join(critical_unfilled_properties),
-            ),
-        )
+            return {'status': 1, 'message': 'Missed filling %s once.' %
+                    (', '.join(warning_unfilled_properties),)}
+        return {'status': 2, 'message': 'Missed filling %s once. Missed filling %s at least twice.' %
+                (', '.join(warning_unfilled_properties), ', '.join(critical_unfilled_properties))}
--- a/analytics/management/commands/clear_analytics_tables.py
+++ b/analytics/management/commands/clear_analytics_tables.py
@@ -1,25 +1,20 @@
 from argparse import ArgumentParser
 from typing import Any

-from django.core.management.base import CommandError
-from typing_extensions import override
+from django.core.management.base import BaseCommand, CommandError

 from analytics.lib.counts import do_drop_all_analytics_tables
-from zerver.lib.management import ZulipBaseCommand

-
-class Command(ZulipBaseCommand):
+class Command(BaseCommand):
    help = """Clear analytics tables."""

-    @override
    def add_arguments(self, parser: ArgumentParser) -> None:
-        parser.add_argument("--force", action="store_true", help="Clear analytics tables.")
+        parser.add_argument('--force',
+                            action='store_true',
+                            help="Clear analytics tables.")

-    @override
    def handle(self, *args: Any, **options: Any) -> None:
-        if options["force"]:
+        if options['force']:
            do_drop_all_analytics_tables()
        else:
-            raise CommandError(
-                "Would delete all data from analytics tables (!); use --force to do so."
-            )
+            raise CommandError("Would delete all data from analytics tables (!); use --force to do so.")
--- a/analytics/management/commands/clear_single_stat.py
+++ b/analytics/management/commands/clear_single_stat.py
@@ -1,27 +1,26 @@
 from argparse import ArgumentParser
 from typing import Any

-from django.core.management.base import CommandError
-from typing_extensions import override
+from django.core.management.base import BaseCommand, CommandError

-from analytics.lib.counts import ALL_COUNT_STATS, do_drop_single_stat
-from zerver.lib.management import ZulipBaseCommand
+from analytics.lib.counts import COUNT_STATS, do_drop_single_stat

-
-class Command(ZulipBaseCommand):
+class Command(BaseCommand):
    help = """Clear analytics tables."""

-    @override
    def add_arguments(self, parser: ArgumentParser) -> None:
-        parser.add_argument("--force", action="store_true", help="Actually do it.")
-        parser.add_argument("--property", help="The property of the stat to be cleared.")
+        parser.add_argument('--force',
+                            action='store_true',
+                            help="Actually do it.")
+        parser.add_argument('--property',
+                            type=str,
+                            help="The property of the stat to be cleared.")

-    @override
    def handle(self, *args: Any, **options: Any) -> None:
-        property = options["property"]
-        if property not in ALL_COUNT_STATS:
-            raise CommandError(f"Invalid property: {property}")
-        if not options["force"]:
+        property = options['property']
+        if property not in COUNT_STATS:
+            raise CommandError("Invalid property: %s" % (property,))
+        if not options['force']:
            raise CommandError("No action taken. Use --force.")

        do_drop_single_stat(property)
--- a/analytics/management/commands/client_activity.py
+++ b/analytics/management/commands/client_activity.py
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+import datetime
+from argparse import ArgumentParser
+from typing import Any, Optional
+
+from django.db.models import Count, QuerySet
+from django.utils.timezone import now as timezone_now
+
+from zerver.lib.management import ZulipBaseCommand
+from zerver.models import UserActivity
+
+class Command(ZulipBaseCommand):
+    help = """Report rough client activity globally, for a realm, or for a user
+
+Usage examples:
+
+./manage.py client_activity --target server
+./manage.py client_activity --target realm --realm zulip
+./manage.py client_activity --target user --user hamlet@zulip.com --realm zulip"""
+
+    def add_arguments(self, parser: ArgumentParser) -> None:
+        parser.add_argument('--target', dest='target', required=True, type=str,
+                            help="'server' will calculate client activity of the entire server. "
+                                 "'realm' will calculate client activity of realm. "
+                                 "'user' will calculate client activity of the user.")
+        parser.add_argument('--user', dest='user', type=str,
+                            help="The email address of the user you want to calculate activity.")
+        self.add_realm_args(parser)
+
+    def compute_activity(self, user_activity_objects: QuerySet) -> None:
+        # Report data from the past week.
+        #
+        # This is a rough report of client activity because we inconsistently
+        # register activity from various clients; think of it as telling you
+        # approximately how many people from a group have used a particular
+        # client recently. For example, this might be useful to get a sense of
+        # how popular different versions of a desktop client are.
+        #
+        # Importantly, this does NOT tell you anything about the relative
+        # volumes of requests from clients.
+        threshold = timezone_now() - datetime.timedelta(days=7)
+        client_counts = user_activity_objects.filter(
+            last_visit__gt=threshold).values("client__name").annotate(
+            count=Count('client__name'))
+
+        total = 0
+        counts = []
+        for client_type in client_counts:
+            count = client_type["count"]
+            client = client_type["client__name"]
+            total += count
+            counts.append((count, client))
+
+        counts.sort()
+
+        for count in counts:
+            print("%25s %15d" % (count[1], count[0]))
+        print("Total:", total)
+
+    def handle(self, *args: Any, **options: Optional[str]) -> None:
+        realm = self.get_realm(options)
+        if options["user"] is None:
+            if options["target"] == "server" and realm is None:
+                # Report global activity.
+                self.compute_activity(UserActivity.objects.all())
+            elif options["target"] == "realm" and realm is not None:
+                self.compute_activity(UserActivity.objects.filter(user_profile__realm=realm))
+            else:
+                self.print_help("./manage.py", "client_activity")
+        elif options["target"] == "user":
+            user_profile = self.get_user(options["user"], realm)
+            self.compute_activity(UserActivity.objects.filter(user_profile=user_profile))
+        else:
+            self.print_help("./manage.py", "client_activity")
--- a/analytics/management/commands/populate_analytics_db.py
+++ b/analytics/management/commands/populate_analytics_db.py
@@ -1,82 +1,46 @@
-from collections.abc import Mapping
 from datetime import timedelta
-from typing import Any, TypeAlias
+from typing import Any, Dict, List, Mapping, Optional, Type
+import mock

-from django.core.files.uploadedfile import UploadedFile
+from django.core.management.base import BaseCommand
 from django.utils.timezone import now as timezone_now
-from typing_extensions import override

-from analytics.lib.counts import COUNT_STATS, CountStat, do_drop_all_analytics_tables
+from analytics.lib.counts import COUNT_STATS, \
+    CountStat, do_drop_all_analytics_tables
 from analytics.lib.fixtures import generate_time_series_data
 from analytics.lib.time_utils import time_range
-from analytics.models import (
-    BaseCount,
-    FillState,
-    InstallationCount,
-    RealmCount,
-    StreamCount,
-    UserCount,
-)
-from zerver.actions.create_realm import do_create_realm
-from zerver.actions.users import do_change_user_role
+from analytics.models import BaseCount, FillState, RealmCount, UserCount, \
+    StreamCount, InstallationCount
+from zerver.lib.actions import do_change_is_admin, STREAM_ASSIGNMENT_COLORS
 from zerver.lib.create_user import create_user
-from zerver.lib.management import ZulipBaseCommand
-from zerver.lib.storage import static_path
-from zerver.lib.stream_color import STREAM_ASSIGNMENT_COLORS
 from zerver.lib.timestamp import floor_to_day
-from zerver.lib.upload import upload_message_attachment_from_request
-from zerver.models import (
-    Client,
-    NamedUserGroup,
-    Realm,
-    RealmAuditLog,
-    Recipient,
-    Stream,
-    Subscription,
-    UserProfile,
-)
-from zerver.models.groups import SystemGroups
+from zerver.models import Realm, Stream, Client, \
+    Recipient, Subscription

-
-class Command(ZulipBaseCommand):
+class Command(BaseCommand):
    help = """Populates analytics tables with randomly generated data."""

    DAYS_OF_DATA = 100
    random_seed = 26

-    def generate_fixture_data(
-        self,
-        stat: CountStat,
-        business_hours_base: float,
-        non_business_hours_base: float,
-        growth: float,
-        autocorrelation: float,
-        spikiness: float,
-        holiday_rate: float = 0,
-        partial_sum: bool = False,
-    ) -> list[int]:
+    def generate_fixture_data(self, stat: CountStat, business_hours_base: float,
+                              non_business_hours_base: float, growth: float,
+                              autocorrelation: float, spikiness: float,
+                              holiday_rate: float=0, partial_sum: bool=False) -> List[int]:
        self.random_seed += 1
        return generate_time_series_data(
-            days=self.DAYS_OF_DATA,
-            business_hours_base=business_hours_base,
-            non_business_hours_base=non_business_hours_base,
-            growth=growth,
-            autocorrelation=autocorrelation,
-            spikiness=spikiness,
-            holiday_rate=holiday_rate,
-            frequency=stat.frequency,
-            partial_sum=partial_sum,
-            random_seed=self.random_seed,
-        )
+            days=self.DAYS_OF_DATA, business_hours_base=business_hours_base,
+            non_business_hours_base=non_business_hours_base, growth=growth,
+            autocorrelation=autocorrelation, spikiness=spikiness, holiday_rate=holiday_rate,
+            frequency=stat.frequency, partial_sum=partial_sum, random_seed=self.random_seed)

-    @override
    def handle(self, *args: Any, **options: Any) -> None:
        # TODO: This should arguably only delete the objects
        # associated with the "analytics" realm.
        do_drop_all_analytics_tables()

        # This also deletes any objects with this realm as a foreign key
-        Realm.objects.filter(string_id="analytics").delete()
+        Realm.objects.filter(string_id='analytics').delete()

        # Because we just deleted a bunch of objects in the database
        # directly (rather than deleting individual objects in Django,
@@ -85,268 +49,168 @@ class Command(ZulipBaseCommand):
        # memcached in order to ensure deleted objects aren't still
        # present in the memcached cache.
        from zerver.apps import flush_cache
-
        flush_cache(None)

        installation_time = timezone_now() - timedelta(days=self.DAYS_OF_DATA)
        last_end_time = floor_to_day(timezone_now())
-        realm = do_create_realm(
-            string_id="analytics", name="Analytics", date_created=installation_time
-        )
-
-        shylock = create_user(
-            "shylock@analytics.ds",
-            "Shylock",
-            realm,
-            full_name="Shylock",
-            role=UserProfile.ROLE_REALM_OWNER,
-            force_date_joined=installation_time,
-        )
-        do_change_user_role(shylock, UserProfile.ROLE_REALM_OWNER, acting_user=None)
-
-        # Create guest user for set_guest_users_statistic.
-        create_user(
-            "bassanio@analytics.ds",
-            "Bassanio",
-            realm,
-            full_name="Bassanio",
-            role=UserProfile.ROLE_GUEST,
-            force_date_joined=installation_time,
-        )
-
-        administrators_user_group = NamedUserGroup.objects.get(
-            name=SystemGroups.ADMINISTRATORS, realm=realm, is_system_group=True
-        )
+        realm = Realm.objects.create(
+            string_id='analytics', name='Analytics', date_created=installation_time)
+        with mock.patch("zerver.lib.create_user.timezone_now", return_value=installation_time):
+            shylock = create_user('shylock@analytics.ds', 'Shylock', realm,
+                                  full_name='Shylock', short_name='shylock',
+                                  is_realm_admin=True)
+        do_change_is_admin(shylock, True)
        stream = Stream.objects.create(
-            name="all",
-            realm=realm,
-            date_created=installation_time,
-            can_remove_subscribers_group=administrators_user_group,
-        )
+            name='all', realm=realm, date_created=installation_time)
        recipient = Recipient.objects.create(type_id=stream.id, type=Recipient.STREAM)
        stream.recipient = recipient
        stream.save(update_fields=["recipient"])

        # Subscribe shylock to the stream to avoid invariant failures.
-        Subscription.objects.create(
-            recipient=recipient,
-            user_profile=shylock,
-            is_user_active=shylock.is_active,
-            color=STREAM_ASSIGNMENT_COLORS[0],
-        )
-        RealmAuditLog.objects.create(
-            realm=realm,
-            modified_user=shylock,
-            modified_stream=stream,
-            event_last_message_id=0,
-            event_type=RealmAuditLog.SUBSCRIPTION_CREATED,
-            event_time=installation_time,
-        )
+        # TODO: This should use subscribe_users_to_streams from populate_db.
+        subs = [
+            Subscription(recipient=recipient,
+                         user_profile=shylock,
+                         color=STREAM_ASSIGNMENT_COLORS[0]),
+        ]
+        Subscription.objects.bulk_create(subs)

-        # Create an attachment in the database for set_storage_space_used_statistic.
-        IMAGE_FILE_PATH = static_path("images/test-images/checkbox.png")
-        with open(IMAGE_FILE_PATH, "rb") as fp:
-            upload_message_attachment_from_request(UploadedFile(fp), shylock)
-
-        FixtureData: TypeAlias = Mapping[str | int | None, list[int]]
-
-        def insert_fixture_data(
-            stat: CountStat,
-            fixture_data: FixtureData,
-            table: type[BaseCount],
-        ) -> None:
-            end_times = time_range(
-                last_end_time, last_end_time, stat.frequency, len(next(iter(fixture_data.values())))
-            )
+        def insert_fixture_data(stat: CountStat,
+                                fixture_data: Mapping[Optional[str], List[int]],
+                                table: Type[BaseCount]) -> None:
+            end_times = time_range(last_end_time, last_end_time, stat.frequency,
+                                   len(list(fixture_data.values())[0]))
            if table == InstallationCount:
-                id_args: dict[str, Any] = {}
+                id_args = {}  # type: Dict[str, Any]
            if table == RealmCount:
-                id_args = {"realm": realm}
+                id_args = {'realm': realm}
            if table == UserCount:
-                id_args = {"realm": realm, "user": shylock}
+                id_args = {'realm': realm, 'user': shylock}
            if table == StreamCount:
-                id_args = {"stream": stream, "realm": realm}
+                id_args = {'stream': stream, 'realm': realm}

            for subgroup, values in fixture_data.items():
-                table._default_manager.bulk_create(
-                    table(
-                        property=stat.property,
-                        subgroup=subgroup,
-                        end_time=end_time,
-                        value=value,
-                        **id_args,
-                    )
-                    for end_time, value in zip(end_times, values, strict=False)
-                    if value != 0
-                )
+                table.objects.bulk_create([
+                    table(property=stat.property, subgroup=subgroup, end_time=end_time,
+                          value=value, **id_args)
+                    for end_time, value in zip(end_times, values) if value != 0])

-        stat = COUNT_STATS["1day_actives::day"]
-        realm_data: FixtureData = {
-            None: self.generate_fixture_data(stat, 0.08, 0.02, 3, 0.3, 6, partial_sum=True),
-        }
-        insert_fixture_data(stat, realm_data, RealmCount)
-        installation_data: FixtureData = {
-            None: self.generate_fixture_data(stat, 0.8, 0.2, 4, 0.3, 6, partial_sum=True),
-        }
-        insert_fixture_data(stat, installation_data, InstallationCount)
-        FillState.objects.create(
-            property=stat.property, end_time=last_end_time, state=FillState.DONE
-        )
-
-        stat = COUNT_STATS["7day_actives::day"]
+        stat = COUNT_STATS['1day_actives::day']
        realm_data = {
-            None: self.generate_fixture_data(stat, 0.2, 0.07, 3, 0.3, 6, partial_sum=True),
+            None: self.generate_fixture_data(stat, .08, .02, 3, .3, 6, partial_sum=True),
+        }  # type: Mapping[Optional[str], List[int]]
+        insert_fixture_data(stat, realm_data, RealmCount)
+        installation_data = {
+            None: self.generate_fixture_data(stat, .8, .2, 4, .3, 6, partial_sum=True),
+        }  # type: Mapping[Optional[str], List[int]]
+        insert_fixture_data(stat, installation_data, InstallationCount)
+        FillState.objects.create(property=stat.property, end_time=last_end_time,
+                                 state=FillState.DONE)
+
+        stat = COUNT_STATS['realm_active_humans::day']
+        realm_data = {
+            None: self.generate_fixture_data(stat, .1, .03, 3, .5, 3, partial_sum=True),
        }
        insert_fixture_data(stat, realm_data, RealmCount)
        installation_data = {
-            None: self.generate_fixture_data(stat, 2, 0.7, 4, 0.3, 6, partial_sum=True),
+            None: self.generate_fixture_data(stat, 1, .3, 4, .5, 3, partial_sum=True),
        }
        insert_fixture_data(stat, installation_data, InstallationCount)
-        FillState.objects.create(
-            property=stat.property, end_time=last_end_time, state=FillState.DONE
-        )
+        FillState.objects.create(property=stat.property, end_time=last_end_time,
+                                 state=FillState.DONE)

-        stat = COUNT_STATS["realm_active_humans::day"]
+        stat = COUNT_STATS['active_users_audit:is_bot:day']
        realm_data = {
-            None: self.generate_fixture_data(stat, 0.8, 0.08, 3, 0.5, 3, partial_sum=True),
+            'false': self.generate_fixture_data(stat, .1, .03, 3.5, .8, 2, partial_sum=True),
        }
        insert_fixture_data(stat, realm_data, RealmCount)
        installation_data = {
-            None: self.generate_fixture_data(stat, 1, 0.3, 4, 0.5, 3, partial_sum=True),
+            'false': self.generate_fixture_data(stat, 1, .3, 6, .8, 2, partial_sum=True),
        }
        insert_fixture_data(stat, installation_data, InstallationCount)
-        FillState.objects.create(
-            property=stat.property, end_time=last_end_time, state=FillState.DONE
-        )
+        FillState.objects.create(property=stat.property, end_time=last_end_time,
+                                 state=FillState.DONE)

-        stat = COUNT_STATS["active_users_audit:is_bot:day"]
-        realm_data = {
-            "false": self.generate_fixture_data(stat, 1, 0.2, 3.5, 0.8, 2, partial_sum=True),
-            "true": self.generate_fixture_data(stat, 0.3, 0.05, 3, 0.3, 2, partial_sum=True),
-        }
-        insert_fixture_data(stat, realm_data, RealmCount)
-        installation_data = {
-            "false": self.generate_fixture_data(stat, 3, 1, 4, 0.8, 2, partial_sum=True),
-            "true": self.generate_fixture_data(stat, 1, 0.4, 4, 0.8, 2, partial_sum=True),
-        }
-        insert_fixture_data(stat, installation_data, InstallationCount)
-        FillState.objects.create(
-            property=stat.property, end_time=last_end_time, state=FillState.DONE
-        )
-
-        stat = COUNT_STATS["messages_sent:is_bot:hour"]
-        user_data: FixtureData = {
-            "false": self.generate_fixture_data(stat, 2, 1, 1.5, 0.6, 8, holiday_rate=0.1),
-        }
+        stat = COUNT_STATS['messages_sent:is_bot:hour']
+        user_data = {'false': self.generate_fixture_data(
+            stat, 2, 1, 1.5, .6, 8, holiday_rate=.1)}  # type: Mapping[Optional[str], List[int]]
        insert_fixture_data(stat, user_data, UserCount)
-        realm_data = {
-            "false": self.generate_fixture_data(stat, 35, 15, 6, 0.6, 4),
-            "true": self.generate_fixture_data(stat, 15, 15, 3, 0.4, 2),
-        }
+        realm_data = {'false': self.generate_fixture_data(stat, 35, 15, 6, .6, 4),
+                      'true': self.generate_fixture_data(stat, 15, 15, 3, .4, 2)}
        insert_fixture_data(stat, realm_data, RealmCount)
-        installation_data = {
-            "false": self.generate_fixture_data(stat, 350, 150, 6, 0.6, 4),
-            "true": self.generate_fixture_data(stat, 150, 150, 3, 0.4, 2),
-        }
+        installation_data = {'false': self.generate_fixture_data(stat, 350, 150, 6, .6, 4),
+                             'true': self.generate_fixture_data(stat, 150, 150, 3, .4, 2)}
        insert_fixture_data(stat, installation_data, InstallationCount)
-        FillState.objects.create(
-            property=stat.property, end_time=last_end_time, state=FillState.DONE
-        )
+        FillState.objects.create(property=stat.property, end_time=last_end_time,
+                                 state=FillState.DONE)

-        stat = COUNT_STATS["messages_sent:message_type:day"]
+        stat = COUNT_STATS['messages_sent:message_type:day']
        user_data = {
-            "public_stream": self.generate_fixture_data(stat, 1.5, 1, 3, 0.6, 8),
-            "private_message": self.generate_fixture_data(stat, 0.5, 0.3, 1, 0.6, 8),
-            "huddle_message": self.generate_fixture_data(stat, 0.2, 0.2, 2, 0.6, 8),
-        }
+            'public_stream': self.generate_fixture_data(stat, 1.5, 1, 3, .6, 8),
+            'private_message': self.generate_fixture_data(stat, .5, .3, 1, .6, 8),
+            'huddle_message': self.generate_fixture_data(stat, .2, .2, 2, .6, 8)}
        insert_fixture_data(stat, user_data, UserCount)
        realm_data = {
-            "public_stream": self.generate_fixture_data(stat, 30, 8, 5, 0.6, 4),
-            "private_stream": self.generate_fixture_data(stat, 7, 7, 5, 0.6, 4),
-            "private_message": self.generate_fixture_data(stat, 13, 5, 5, 0.6, 4),
-            "huddle_message": self.generate_fixture_data(stat, 6, 3, 3, 0.6, 4),
-        }
+            'public_stream': self.generate_fixture_data(stat, 30, 8, 5, .6, 4),
+            'private_stream': self.generate_fixture_data(stat, 7, 7, 5, .6, 4),
+            'private_message': self.generate_fixture_data(stat, 13, 5, 5, .6, 4),
+            'huddle_message': self.generate_fixture_data(stat, 6, 3, 3, .6, 4)}
        insert_fixture_data(stat, realm_data, RealmCount)
        installation_data = {
-            "public_stream": self.generate_fixture_data(stat, 300, 80, 5, 0.6, 4),
-            "private_stream": self.generate_fixture_data(stat, 70, 70, 5, 0.6, 4),
-            "private_message": self.generate_fixture_data(stat, 130, 50, 5, 0.6, 4),
-            "huddle_message": self.generate_fixture_data(stat, 60, 30, 3, 0.6, 4),
-        }
+            'public_stream': self.generate_fixture_data(stat, 300, 80, 5, .6, 4),
+            'private_stream': self.generate_fixture_data(stat, 70, 70, 5, .6, 4),
+            'private_message': self.generate_fixture_data(stat, 130, 50, 5, .6, 4),
+            'huddle_message': self.generate_fixture_data(stat, 60, 30, 3, .6, 4)}
        insert_fixture_data(stat, installation_data, InstallationCount)
-        FillState.objects.create(
-            property=stat.property, end_time=last_end_time, state=FillState.DONE
-        )
+        FillState.objects.create(property=stat.property, end_time=last_end_time,
+                                 state=FillState.DONE)

-        website, created = Client.objects.get_or_create(name="website")
-        old_desktop, created = Client.objects.get_or_create(name="desktop app Linux 0.3.7")
-        android, created = Client.objects.get_or_create(name="ZulipAndroid")
-        iOS, created = Client.objects.get_or_create(name="ZulipiOS")
-        react_native, created = Client.objects.get_or_create(name="ZulipMobile")
-        flutter, created = Client.objects.get_or_create(name="ZulipFlutter")
-        API, created = Client.objects.get_or_create(name="API: Python")
-        zephyr_mirror, created = Client.objects.get_or_create(name="zephyr_mirror")
-        unused, created = Client.objects.get_or_create(name="unused")
-        long_webhook, created = Client.objects.get_or_create(name="ZulipLooooooooooongNameWebhook")
+        website, created = Client.objects.get_or_create(name='website')
+        old_desktop, created = Client.objects.get_or_create(name='desktop app Linux 0.3.7')
+        android, created = Client.objects.get_or_create(name='ZulipAndroid')
+        iOS, created = Client.objects.get_or_create(name='ZulipiOS')
+        react_native, created = Client.objects.get_or_create(name='ZulipMobile')
+        API, created = Client.objects.get_or_create(name='API: Python')
+        zephyr_mirror, created = Client.objects.get_or_create(name='zephyr_mirror')
+        unused, created = Client.objects.get_or_create(name='unused')
+        long_webhook, created = Client.objects.get_or_create(name='ZulipLooooooooooongNameWebhook')

-        stat = COUNT_STATS["messages_sent:client:day"]
+        stat = COUNT_STATS['messages_sent:client:day']
        user_data = {
-            website.id: self.generate_fixture_data(stat, 2, 1, 1.5, 0.6, 8),
-            zephyr_mirror.id: self.generate_fixture_data(stat, 0, 0.3, 1.5, 0.6, 8),
-        }
+            website.id: self.generate_fixture_data(stat, 2, 1, 1.5, .6, 8),
+            zephyr_mirror.id: self.generate_fixture_data(stat, 0, .3, 1.5, .6, 8)}
        insert_fixture_data(stat, user_data, UserCount)
        realm_data = {
-            website.id: self.generate_fixture_data(stat, 30, 20, 5, 0.6, 3),
-            old_desktop.id: self.generate_fixture_data(stat, 5, 3, 8, 0.6, 3),
-            android.id: self.generate_fixture_data(stat, 5, 5, 2, 0.6, 3),
-            iOS.id: self.generate_fixture_data(stat, 5, 5, 2, 0.6, 3),
-            react_native.id: self.generate_fixture_data(stat, 5, 5, 10, 0.6, 3),
-            flutter.id: self.generate_fixture_data(stat, 5, 5, 10, 0.6, 3),
-            API.id: self.generate_fixture_data(stat, 5, 5, 5, 0.6, 3),
-            zephyr_mirror.id: self.generate_fixture_data(stat, 1, 1, 3, 0.6, 3),
+            website.id: self.generate_fixture_data(stat, 30, 20, 5, .6, 3),
+            old_desktop.id: self.generate_fixture_data(stat, 5, 3, 8, .6, 3),
+            android.id: self.generate_fixture_data(stat, 5, 5, 2, .6, 3),
+            iOS.id: self.generate_fixture_data(stat, 5, 5, 2, .6, 3),
+            react_native.id: self.generate_fixture_data(stat, 5, 5, 10, .6, 3),
+            API.id: self.generate_fixture_data(stat, 5, 5, 5, .6, 3),
+            zephyr_mirror.id: self.generate_fixture_data(stat, 1, 1, 3, .6, 3),
            unused.id: self.generate_fixture_data(stat, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0),
-            long_webhook.id: self.generate_fixture_data(stat, 5, 5, 2, 0.6, 3),
-        }
+            long_webhook.id: self.generate_fixture_data(stat, 5, 5, 2, .6, 3)}
        insert_fixture_data(stat, realm_data, RealmCount)
        installation_data = {
-            website.id: self.generate_fixture_data(stat, 300, 200, 5, 0.6, 3),
-            old_desktop.id: self.generate_fixture_data(stat, 50, 30, 8, 0.6, 3),
-            android.id: self.generate_fixture_data(stat, 50, 50, 2, 0.6, 3),
-            iOS.id: self.generate_fixture_data(stat, 50, 50, 2, 0.6, 3),
-            flutter.id: self.generate_fixture_data(stat, 5, 5, 10, 0.6, 3),
-            react_native.id: self.generate_fixture_data(stat, 5, 5, 10, 0.6, 3),
-            API.id: self.generate_fixture_data(stat, 50, 50, 5, 0.6, 3),
-            zephyr_mirror.id: self.generate_fixture_data(stat, 10, 10, 3, 0.6, 3),
+            website.id: self.generate_fixture_data(stat, 300, 200, 5, .6, 3),
+            old_desktop.id: self.generate_fixture_data(stat, 50, 30, 8, .6, 3),
+            android.id: self.generate_fixture_data(stat, 50, 50, 2, .6, 3),
+            iOS.id: self.generate_fixture_data(stat, 50, 50, 2, .6, 3),
+            react_native.id: self.generate_fixture_data(stat, 5, 5, 10, .6, 3),
+            API.id: self.generate_fixture_data(stat, 50, 50, 5, .6, 3),
+            zephyr_mirror.id: self.generate_fixture_data(stat, 10, 10, 3, .6, 3),
            unused.id: self.generate_fixture_data(stat, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0),
-            long_webhook.id: self.generate_fixture_data(stat, 50, 50, 2, 0.6, 3),
-        }
+            long_webhook.id: self.generate_fixture_data(stat, 50, 50, 2, .6, 3)}
        insert_fixture_data(stat, installation_data, InstallationCount)
-        FillState.objects.create(
-            property=stat.property, end_time=last_end_time, state=FillState.DONE
-        )
+        FillState.objects.create(property=stat.property, end_time=last_end_time,
+                                 state=FillState.DONE)

-        stat = COUNT_STATS["messages_in_stream:is_bot:day"]
-        realm_data = {
-            "false": self.generate_fixture_data(stat, 30, 5, 6, 0.6, 4),
-            "true": self.generate_fixture_data(stat, 20, 2, 3, 0.2, 3),
-        }
+        stat = COUNT_STATS['messages_in_stream:is_bot:day']
+        realm_data = {'false': self.generate_fixture_data(stat, 30, 5, 6, .6, 4),
+                      'true': self.generate_fixture_data(stat, 20, 2, 3, .2, 3)}
        insert_fixture_data(stat, realm_data, RealmCount)
-        stream_data: Mapping[int | str | None, list[int]] = {
-            "false": self.generate_fixture_data(stat, 10, 7, 5, 0.6, 4),
-            "true": self.generate_fixture_data(stat, 5, 3, 2, 0.4, 2),
-        }
+        stream_data = {'false': self.generate_fixture_data(stat, 10, 7, 5, .6, 4),
+                       'true': self.generate_fixture_data(stat, 5, 3, 2, .4, 2)}  # type: Mapping[Optional[str], List[int]]
        insert_fixture_data(stat, stream_data, StreamCount)
-        FillState.objects.create(
-            property=stat.property, end_time=last_end_time, state=FillState.DONE
-        )
-
-        stat = COUNT_STATS["messages_read::hour"]
-        user_data = {
-            None: self.generate_fixture_data(stat, 7, 3, 2, 0.6, 8, holiday_rate=0.1),
-        }
-        insert_fixture_data(stat, user_data, UserCount)
-        realm_data = {None: self.generate_fixture_data(stat, 50, 35, 6, 0.6, 4)}
-        insert_fixture_data(stat, realm_data, RealmCount)
-        FillState.objects.create(
-            property=stat.property, end_time=last_end_time, state=FillState.DONE
-        )
+        FillState.objects.create(property=stat.property, end_time=last_end_time,
+                                 state=FillState.DONE)
--- a/analytics/management/commands/realm_stats.py
+++ b/analytics/management/commands/realm_stats.py
@@ -0,0 +1,151 @@
+import datetime
+from argparse import ArgumentParser
+from typing import Any, List
+
+from django.core.management.base import BaseCommand, CommandError
+from django.db.models import Count
+from django.utils.timezone import now as timezone_now
+
+from zerver.models import Message, Realm, Recipient, Stream, \
+    Subscription, UserActivity, UserMessage, UserProfile, get_realm
+
+MOBILE_CLIENT_LIST = ["Android", "ios"]
+HUMAN_CLIENT_LIST = MOBILE_CLIENT_LIST + ["website"]
+
+human_messages = Message.objects.filter(sending_client__name__in=HUMAN_CLIENT_LIST)
+
+class Command(BaseCommand):
+    help = "Generate statistics on realm activity."
+
+    def add_arguments(self, parser: ArgumentParser) -> None:
+        parser.add_argument('realms', metavar='<realm>', type=str, nargs='*',
+                            help="realm to generate statistics for")
+
+    def active_users(self, realm: Realm) -> List[UserProfile]:
+        # Has been active (on the website, for now) in the last 7 days.
+        activity_cutoff = timezone_now() - datetime.timedelta(days=7)
+        return [activity.user_profile for activity in (
+            UserActivity.objects.filter(user_profile__realm=realm,
+                                        user_profile__is_active=True,
+                                        last_visit__gt=activity_cutoff,
+                                        query="/json/users/me/pointer",
+                                        client__name="website"))]
+
+    def messages_sent_by(self, user: UserProfile, days_ago: int) -> int:
+        sent_time_cutoff = timezone_now() - datetime.timedelta(days=days_ago)
+        return human_messages.filter(sender=user, date_sent__gt=sent_time_cutoff).count()
+
+    def total_messages(self, realm: Realm, days_ago: int) -> int:
+        sent_time_cutoff = timezone_now() - datetime.timedelta(days=days_ago)
+        return Message.objects.filter(sender__realm=realm, date_sent__gt=sent_time_cutoff).count()
+
+    def human_messages(self, realm: Realm, days_ago: int) -> int:
+        sent_time_cutoff = timezone_now() - datetime.timedelta(days=days_ago)
+        return human_messages.filter(sender__realm=realm, date_sent__gt=sent_time_cutoff).count()
+
+    def api_messages(self, realm: Realm, days_ago: int) -> int:
+        return (self.total_messages(realm, days_ago) - self.human_messages(realm, days_ago))
+
+    def stream_messages(self, realm: Realm, days_ago: int) -> int:
+        sent_time_cutoff = timezone_now() - datetime.timedelta(days=days_ago)
+        return human_messages.filter(sender__realm=realm, date_sent__gt=sent_time_cutoff,
+                                     recipient__type=Recipient.STREAM).count()
+
+    def private_messages(self, realm: Realm, days_ago: int) -> int:
+        sent_time_cutoff = timezone_now() - datetime.timedelta(days=days_ago)
+        return human_messages.filter(sender__realm=realm, date_sent__gt=sent_time_cutoff).exclude(
+            recipient__type=Recipient.STREAM).exclude(recipient__type=Recipient.HUDDLE).count()
+
+    def group_private_messages(self, realm: Realm, days_ago: int) -> int:
+        sent_time_cutoff = timezone_now() - datetime.timedelta(days=days_ago)
+        return human_messages.filter(sender__realm=realm, date_sent__gt=sent_time_cutoff).exclude(
+            recipient__type=Recipient.STREAM).exclude(recipient__type=Recipient.PERSONAL).count()
+
+    def report_percentage(self, numerator: float, denominator: float, text: str) -> None:
+        if not denominator:
+            fraction = 0.0
+        else:
+            fraction = numerator / float(denominator)
+        print("%.2f%% of" % (fraction * 100,), text)
+
+    def handle(self, *args: Any, **options: Any) -> None:
+        if options['realms']:
+            try:
+                realms = [get_realm(string_id) for string_id in options['realms']]
+            except Realm.DoesNotExist as e:
+                raise CommandError(e)
+        else:
+            realms = Realm.objects.all()
+
+        for realm in realms:
+            print(realm.string_id)
+
+            user_profiles = UserProfile.objects.filter(realm=realm, is_active=True)
+            active_users = self.active_users(realm)
+            num_active = len(active_users)
+
+            print("%d active users (%d total)" % (num_active, len(user_profiles)))
+            streams = Stream.objects.filter(realm=realm).extra(
+                tables=['zerver_subscription', 'zerver_recipient'],
+                where=['zerver_subscription.recipient_id = zerver_recipient.id',
+                       'zerver_recipient.type = 2',
+                       'zerver_recipient.type_id = zerver_stream.id',
+                       'zerver_subscription.active = true']).annotate(count=Count("name"))
+            print("%d streams" % (streams.count(),))
+
+            for days_ago in (1, 7, 30):
+                print("In last %d days, users sent:" % (days_ago,))
+                sender_quantities = [self.messages_sent_by(user, days_ago) for user in user_profiles]
+                for quantity in sorted(sender_quantities, reverse=True):
+                    print(quantity, end=' ')
+                print("")
+
+                print("%d stream messages" % (self.stream_messages(realm, days_ago),))
+                print("%d one-on-one private messages" % (self.private_messages(realm, days_ago),))
+                print("%d messages sent via the API" % (self.api_messages(realm, days_ago),))
+                print("%d group private messages" % (self.group_private_messages(realm, days_ago),))
+
+            num_notifications_enabled = len([x for x in active_users if x.enable_desktop_notifications])
+            self.report_percentage(num_notifications_enabled, num_active,
+                                   "active users have desktop notifications enabled")
+
+            num_enter_sends = len([x for x in active_users if x.enter_sends])
+            self.report_percentage(num_enter_sends, num_active,
+                                   "active users have enter-sends")
+
+            all_message_count = human_messages.filter(sender__realm=realm).count()
+            multi_paragraph_message_count = human_messages.filter(
+                sender__realm=realm, content__contains="\n\n").count()
+            self.report_percentage(multi_paragraph_message_count, all_message_count,
+                                   "all messages are multi-paragraph")
+
+            # Starred messages
+            starrers = UserMessage.objects.filter(user_profile__in=user_profiles,
+                                                  flags=UserMessage.flags.starred).values(
+                "user_profile").annotate(count=Count("user_profile"))
+            print("%d users have starred %d messages" % (
+                len(starrers), sum([elt["count"] for elt in starrers])))
+
+            active_user_subs = Subscription.objects.filter(
+                user_profile__in=user_profiles, active=True)
+
+            # Streams not in home view
+            non_home_view = active_user_subs.filter(is_muted=True).values(
+                "user_profile").annotate(count=Count("user_profile"))
+            print("%d users have %d streams not in home view" % (
+                len(non_home_view), sum([elt["count"] for elt in non_home_view])))
+
+            # Code block markup
+            markup_messages = human_messages.filter(
+                sender__realm=realm, content__contains="~~~").values(
+                "sender").annotate(count=Count("sender"))
+            print("%d users have used code block markup on %s messages" % (
+                len(markup_messages), sum([elt["count"] for elt in markup_messages])))
+
+            # Notifications for stream messages
+            notifications = active_user_subs.filter(desktop_notifications=True).values(
+                "user_profile").annotate(count=Count("user_profile"))
+            print("%d users receive desktop notifications for %d streams" % (
+                len(notifications), sum([elt["count"] for elt in notifications])))
+
+            print("")
--- a/analytics/management/commands/stream_stats.py
+++ b/analytics/management/commands/stream_stats.py
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+from argparse import ArgumentParser
+from typing import Any
+
+from django.core.management.base import BaseCommand, CommandError
+from django.db.models import Q
+
+from zerver.models import Message, Realm, \
+    Recipient, Stream, Subscription, get_realm
+
+class Command(BaseCommand):
+    help = "Generate statistics on the streams for a realm."
+
+    def add_arguments(self, parser: ArgumentParser) -> None:
+        parser.add_argument('realms', metavar='<realm>', type=str, nargs='*',
+                            help="realm to generate statistics for")
+
+    def handle(self, *args: Any, **options: str) -> None:
+        if options['realms']:
+            try:
+                realms = [get_realm(string_id) for string_id in options['realms']]
+            except Realm.DoesNotExist as e:
+                raise CommandError(e)
+        else:
+            realms = Realm.objects.all()
+
+        for realm in realms:
+            streams = Stream.objects.filter(realm=realm).exclude(Q(name__istartswith="tutorial-"))
+            # private stream count
+            private_count = 0
+            # public stream count
+            public_count = 0
+            for stream in streams:
+                if stream.invite_only:
+                    private_count += 1
+                else:
+                    public_count += 1
+            print("------------")
+            print(realm.string_id, end=' ')
+            print("%10s %d public streams and" % ("(", public_count), end=' ')
+            print("%d private streams )" % (private_count,))
+            print("------------")
+            print("%25s %15s %10s %12s" % ("stream", "subscribers", "messages", "type"))
+
+            for stream in streams:
+                if stream.invite_only:
+                    stream_type = 'private'
+                else:
+                    stream_type = 'public'
+                print("%25s" % (stream.name,), end=' ')
+                recipient = Recipient.objects.filter(type=Recipient.STREAM, type_id=stream.id)
+                print("%10d" % (len(Subscription.objects.filter(recipient=recipient,
+                                                                active=True)),), end=' ')
+                num_messages = len(Message.objects.filter(recipient=recipient))
+                print("%12d" % (num_messages,), end=' ')
+                print("%15s" % (stream_type,))
+            print("")
--- a/analytics/management/commands/update_analytics_counts.py
+++ b/analytics/management/commands/update_analytics_counts.py
@@ -1,99 +1,90 @@
-import hashlib
+import os
 import time
 from argparse import ArgumentParser
-from datetime import timezone
-from typing import Any
+from typing import Any, Dict

 from django.conf import settings
+from django.core.management.base import BaseCommand
 from django.utils.dateparse import parse_datetime
 from django.utils.timezone import now as timezone_now
-from typing_extensions import override
+from django.utils.timezone import utc as timezone_utc

-from analytics.lib.counts import ALL_COUNT_STATS, logger, process_count_stat
-from zerver.lib.management import ZulipBaseCommand, abort_unless_locked
-from zerver.lib.remote_server import send_server_data_to_push_bouncer, should_send_analytics_data
+from analytics.lib.counts import COUNT_STATS, logger, process_count_stat
+from scripts.lib.zulip_tools import ENDC, WARNING
+from zerver.lib.remote_server import send_analytics_to_remote_server
 from zerver.lib.timestamp import floor_to_hour
 from zerver.models import Realm

-
-class Command(ZulipBaseCommand):
+class Command(BaseCommand):
    help = """Fills Analytics tables.

    Run as a cron job that runs every hour."""

-    @override
    def add_arguments(self, parser: ArgumentParser) -> None:
-        parser.add_argument(
-            "--time",
-            "-t",
-            help="Update stat tables from current state to "
-            "--time. Defaults to the current time.",
-            default=timezone_now().isoformat(),
-        )
-        parser.add_argument("--utc", action="store_true", help="Interpret --time in UTC.")
-        parser.add_argument(
-            "--stat", "-s", help="CountStat to process. If omitted, all stats are processed."
-        )
-        parser.add_argument(
-            "--verbose", action="store_true", help="Print timing information to stdout."
-        )
+        parser.add_argument('--time', '-t',
+                            type=str,
+                            help='Update stat tables from current state to'
+                                 '--time. Defaults to the current time.',
+                            default=timezone_now().isoformat())
+        parser.add_argument('--utc',
+                            action='store_true',
+                            help="Interpret --time in UTC.",
+                            default=False)
+        parser.add_argument('--stat', '-s',
+                            type=str,
+                            help="CountStat to process. If omitted, all stats are processed.")
+        parser.add_argument('--verbose',
+                            action='store_true',
+                            help="Print timing information to stdout.",
+                            default=False)

-    @override
-    @abort_unless_locked
    def handle(self, *args: Any, **options: Any) -> None:
-        self.run_update_analytics_counts(options)
+        try:
+            os.mkdir(settings.ANALYTICS_LOCK_DIR)
+        except OSError:
+            print(WARNING + "Analytics lock %s is unavailable; exiting... " + ENDC)
+            return

-    def run_update_analytics_counts(self, options: dict[str, Any]) -> None:
+        try:
+            self.run_update_analytics_counts(options)
+        finally:
+            os.rmdir(settings.ANALYTICS_LOCK_DIR)
+
+    def run_update_analytics_counts(self, options: Dict[str, Any]) -> None:
        # installation_epoch relies on there being at least one realm; we
        # shouldn't run the analytics code if that condition isn't satisfied
        if not Realm.objects.exists():
            logger.info("No realms, stopping update_analytics_counts")
            return

-        fill_to_time = parse_datetime(options["time"])
-        assert fill_to_time is not None
-        if options["utc"]:
-            fill_to_time = fill_to_time.replace(tzinfo=timezone.utc)
+        fill_to_time = parse_datetime(options['time'])
+        if options['utc']:
+            fill_to_time = fill_to_time.replace(tzinfo=timezone_utc)
        if fill_to_time.tzinfo is None:
-            raise ValueError(
-                "--time must be time-zone-aware. Maybe you meant to use the --utc option?"
-            )
+            raise ValueError("--time must be timezone aware. Maybe you meant to use the --utc option?")

-        fill_to_time = floor_to_hour(fill_to_time.astimezone(timezone.utc))
+        fill_to_time = floor_to_hour(fill_to_time.astimezone(timezone_utc))

-        if options["stat"] is not None:
-            stats = [ALL_COUNT_STATS[options["stat"]]]
+        if options['stat'] is not None:
+            stats = [COUNT_STATS[options['stat']]]
        else:
-            stats = list(ALL_COUNT_STATS.values())
+            stats = list(COUNT_STATS.values())

-        logger.info("Starting updating analytics counts through %s", fill_to_time)
-        if options["verbose"]:
+        logger.info("Starting updating analytics counts through %s" % (fill_to_time,))
+        if options['verbose']:
            start = time.time()
            last = start

        for stat in stats:
            process_count_stat(stat, fill_to_time)
-            if options["verbose"]:
-                print(f"Updated {stat.property} in {time.time() - last:.3f}s")
+            if options['verbose']:
+                print("Updated %s in %.3fs" % (stat.property, time.time() - last))
                last = time.time()

-        if options["verbose"]:
-            print(
-                f"Finished updating analytics counts through {fill_to_time} in {time.time() - start:.3f}s"
-            )
-        logger.info("Finished updating analytics counts through %s", fill_to_time)
+        if options['verbose']:
+            print("Finished updating analytics counts through %s in %.3fs" %
+                  (fill_to_time, time.time() - start))
+        logger.info("Finished updating analytics counts through %s" % (fill_to_time,))

-        if should_send_analytics_data():
-            # Based on the specific value of the setting, the exact details to send
-            # will be decided. However, we proceed just based on this not being falsey.
-
-            # Skew 0-10 minutes based on a hash of settings.ZULIP_ORG_ID, so
-            # that each server will report in at a somewhat consistent time.
-            assert settings.ZULIP_ORG_ID
-            delay = int.from_bytes(
-                hashlib.sha256(settings.ZULIP_ORG_ID.encode()).digest(), byteorder="big"
-            ) % (60 * 10)
-            logger.info("Sleeping %d seconds before reporting...", delay)
-            time.sleep(delay)
-
-            send_server_data_to_push_bouncer(consider_usage_statistics=True)
+        if settings.PUSH_NOTIFICATION_BOUNCER_URL and settings.SUBMIT_USAGE_STATISTICS:
+            send_analytics_to_remote_server()
--- a/analytics/management/commands/user_stats.py
+++ b/analytics/management/commands/user_stats.py
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+import datetime
+from argparse import ArgumentParser
+from typing import Any
+
+from django.core.management.base import BaseCommand, CommandError
+from django.utils.timezone import now as timezone_now
+
+from zerver.models import Message, Realm, Stream, UserProfile, get_realm
+
+class Command(BaseCommand):
+    help = "Generate statistics on user activity."
+
+    def add_arguments(self, parser: ArgumentParser) -> None:
+        parser.add_argument('realms', metavar='<realm>', type=str, nargs='*',
+                            help="realm to generate statistics for")
+
+    def messages_sent_by(self, user: UserProfile, week: int) -> int:
+        start = timezone_now() - datetime.timedelta(days=(week + 1)*7)
+        end = timezone_now() - datetime.timedelta(days=week*7)
+        return Message.objects.filter(sender=user, date_sent__gt=start, date_sent__lte=end).count()
+
+    def handle(self, *args: Any, **options: Any) -> None:
+        if options['realms']:
+            try:
+                realms = [get_realm(string_id) for string_id in options['realms']]
+            except Realm.DoesNotExist as e:
+                raise CommandError(e)
+        else:
+            realms = Realm.objects.all()
+
+        for realm in realms:
+            print(realm.string_id)
+            user_profiles = UserProfile.objects.filter(realm=realm, is_active=True)
+            print("%d users" % (len(user_profiles),))
+            print("%d streams" % (len(Stream.objects.filter(realm=realm)),))
+
+            for user_profile in user_profiles:
+                print("%35s" % (user_profile.email,), end=' ')
+                for week in range(10):
+                    print("%5d" % (self.messages_sent_by(user_profile, week),), end=' ')
+                print("")
--- a/analytics/migrations/0001_initial.py
+++ b/analytics/migrations/0001_initial.py
@@ -1,208 +1,110 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 import django.db.models.deletion
 from django.conf import settings
 from django.db import migrations, models

-
 class Migration(migrations.Migration):
+
    dependencies = [
-        ("zerver", "0030_realm_org_type"),
+        ('zerver', '0030_realm_org_type'),
        migrations.swappable_dependency(settings.AUTH_USER_MODEL),
    ]

    operations = [
        migrations.CreateModel(
-            name="Anomaly",
+            name='Anomaly',
            fields=[
-                (
-                    "id",
-                    models.AutoField(
-                        verbose_name="ID", serialize=False, auto_created=True, primary_key=True
-                    ),
-                ),
-                ("info", models.CharField(max_length=1000)),
+                ('id', models.AutoField(verbose_name='ID', serialize=False, auto_created=True, primary_key=True)),
+                ('info', models.CharField(max_length=1000)),
            ],
            bases=(models.Model,),
        ),
        migrations.CreateModel(
-            name="HuddleCount",
+            name='HuddleCount',
            fields=[
-                (
-                    "id",
-                    models.AutoField(
-                        verbose_name="ID", serialize=False, auto_created=True, primary_key=True
-                    ),
-                ),
-                (
-                    "huddle",
-                    models.ForeignKey(
-                        on_delete=django.db.models.deletion.CASCADE, to="zerver.Recipient"
-                    ),
-                ),
-                (
-                    "user",
-                    models.ForeignKey(
-                        on_delete=django.db.models.deletion.CASCADE, to=settings.AUTH_USER_MODEL
-                    ),
-                ),
-                ("property", models.CharField(max_length=40)),
-                ("end_time", models.DateTimeField()),
-                ("interval", models.CharField(max_length=20)),
-                ("value", models.BigIntegerField()),
-                (
-                    "anomaly",
-                    models.ForeignKey(
-                        on_delete=django.db.models.deletion.CASCADE,
-                        to="analytics.Anomaly",
-                        null=True,
-                    ),
-                ),
+                ('id', models.AutoField(verbose_name='ID', serialize=False, auto_created=True, primary_key=True)),
+                ('huddle', models.ForeignKey(on_delete=django.db.models.deletion.CASCADE, to='zerver.Recipient')),
+                ('user', models.ForeignKey(on_delete=django.db.models.deletion.CASCADE, to=settings.AUTH_USER_MODEL)),
+                ('property', models.CharField(max_length=40)),
+                ('end_time', models.DateTimeField()),
+                ('interval', models.CharField(max_length=20)),
+                ('value', models.BigIntegerField()),
+                ('anomaly', models.ForeignKey(on_delete=django.db.models.deletion.CASCADE, to='analytics.Anomaly', null=True)),
            ],
            bases=(models.Model,),
        ),
        migrations.CreateModel(
-            name="InstallationCount",
+            name='InstallationCount',
            fields=[
-                (
-                    "id",
-                    models.AutoField(
-                        verbose_name="ID", serialize=False, auto_created=True, primary_key=True
-                    ),
-                ),
-                ("property", models.CharField(max_length=40)),
-                ("end_time", models.DateTimeField()),
-                ("interval", models.CharField(max_length=20)),
-                ("value", models.BigIntegerField()),
-                (
-                    "anomaly",
-                    models.ForeignKey(
-                        on_delete=django.db.models.deletion.CASCADE,
-                        to="analytics.Anomaly",
-                        null=True,
-                    ),
-                ),
+                ('id', models.AutoField(verbose_name='ID', serialize=False, auto_created=True, primary_key=True)),
+                ('property', models.CharField(max_length=40)),
+                ('end_time', models.DateTimeField()),
+                ('interval', models.CharField(max_length=20)),
+                ('value', models.BigIntegerField()),
+                ('anomaly', models.ForeignKey(on_delete=django.db.models.deletion.CASCADE, to='analytics.Anomaly', null=True)),
            ],
            bases=(models.Model,),
        ),
        migrations.CreateModel(
-            name="RealmCount",
+            name='RealmCount',
            fields=[
-                (
-                    "id",
-                    models.AutoField(
-                        verbose_name="ID", serialize=False, auto_created=True, primary_key=True
-                    ),
-                ),
-                (
-                    "realm",
-                    models.ForeignKey(
-                        on_delete=django.db.models.deletion.CASCADE, to="zerver.Realm"
-                    ),
-                ),
-                ("property", models.CharField(max_length=40)),
-                ("end_time", models.DateTimeField()),
-                ("interval", models.CharField(max_length=20)),
-                ("value", models.BigIntegerField()),
-                (
-                    "anomaly",
-                    models.ForeignKey(
-                        on_delete=django.db.models.deletion.CASCADE,
-                        to="analytics.Anomaly",
-                        null=True,
-                    ),
-                ),
+                ('id', models.AutoField(verbose_name='ID', serialize=False, auto_created=True, primary_key=True)),
+                ('realm', models.ForeignKey(on_delete=django.db.models.deletion.CASCADE, to='zerver.Realm')),
+                ('property', models.CharField(max_length=40)),
+                ('end_time', models.DateTimeField()),
+                ('interval', models.CharField(max_length=20)),
+                ('value', models.BigIntegerField()),
+                ('anomaly', models.ForeignKey(on_delete=django.db.models.deletion.CASCADE, to='analytics.Anomaly', null=True)),
+
            ],
            bases=(models.Model,),
        ),
        migrations.CreateModel(
-            name="StreamCount",
+            name='StreamCount',
            fields=[
-                (
-                    "id",
-                    models.AutoField(
-                        verbose_name="ID", serialize=False, auto_created=True, primary_key=True
-                    ),
-                ),
-                (
-                    "realm",
-                    models.ForeignKey(
-                        on_delete=django.db.models.deletion.CASCADE, to="zerver.Realm"
-                    ),
-                ),
-                (
-                    "stream",
-                    models.ForeignKey(
-                        on_delete=django.db.models.deletion.CASCADE, to="zerver.Stream"
-                    ),
-                ),
-                ("property", models.CharField(max_length=40)),
-                ("end_time", models.DateTimeField()),
-                ("interval", models.CharField(max_length=20)),
-                ("value", models.BigIntegerField()),
-                (
-                    "anomaly",
-                    models.ForeignKey(
-                        on_delete=django.db.models.deletion.CASCADE,
-                        to="analytics.Anomaly",
-                        null=True,
-                    ),
-                ),
+                ('id', models.AutoField(verbose_name='ID', serialize=False, auto_created=True, primary_key=True)),
+                ('realm', models.ForeignKey(on_delete=django.db.models.deletion.CASCADE, to='zerver.Realm')),
+                ('stream', models.ForeignKey(on_delete=django.db.models.deletion.CASCADE, to='zerver.Stream')),
+                ('property', models.CharField(max_length=40)),
+                ('end_time', models.DateTimeField()),
+                ('interval', models.CharField(max_length=20)),
+                ('value', models.BigIntegerField()),
+                ('anomaly', models.ForeignKey(on_delete=django.db.models.deletion.CASCADE, to='analytics.Anomaly', null=True)),
            ],
            bases=(models.Model,),
        ),
        migrations.CreateModel(
-            name="UserCount",
+            name='UserCount',
            fields=[
-                (
-                    "id",
-                    models.AutoField(
-                        verbose_name="ID", serialize=False, auto_created=True, primary_key=True
-                    ),
-                ),
-                (
-                    "realm",
-                    models.ForeignKey(
-                        on_delete=django.db.models.deletion.CASCADE, to="zerver.Realm"
-                    ),
-                ),
-                (
-                    "user",
-                    models.ForeignKey(
-                        on_delete=django.db.models.deletion.CASCADE, to=settings.AUTH_USER_MODEL
-                    ),
-                ),
-                ("property", models.CharField(max_length=40)),
-                ("end_time", models.DateTimeField()),
-                ("interval", models.CharField(max_length=20)),
-                ("value", models.BigIntegerField()),
-                (
-                    "anomaly",
-                    models.ForeignKey(
-                        on_delete=django.db.models.deletion.CASCADE,
-                        to="analytics.Anomaly",
-                        null=True,
-                    ),
-                ),
+                ('id', models.AutoField(verbose_name='ID', serialize=False, auto_created=True, primary_key=True)),
+                ('realm', models.ForeignKey(on_delete=django.db.models.deletion.CASCADE, to='zerver.Realm')),
+                ('user', models.ForeignKey(on_delete=django.db.models.deletion.CASCADE, to=settings.AUTH_USER_MODEL)),
+                ('property', models.CharField(max_length=40)),
+                ('end_time', models.DateTimeField()),
+                ('interval', models.CharField(max_length=20)),
+                ('value', models.BigIntegerField()),
+                ('anomaly', models.ForeignKey(on_delete=django.db.models.deletion.CASCADE, to='analytics.Anomaly', null=True)),
            ],
            bases=(models.Model,),
        ),
        migrations.AlterUniqueTogether(
-            name="usercount",
-            unique_together={("user", "property", "end_time", "interval")},
+            name='usercount',
+            unique_together=set([('user', 'property', 'end_time', 'interval')]),
        ),
        migrations.AlterUniqueTogether(
-            name="streamcount",
-            unique_together={("stream", "property", "end_time", "interval")},
+            name='streamcount',
+            unique_together=set([('stream', 'property', 'end_time', 'interval')]),
        ),
        migrations.AlterUniqueTogether(
-            name="realmcount",
-            unique_together={("realm", "property", "end_time", "interval")},
+            name='realmcount',
+            unique_together=set([('realm', 'property', 'end_time', 'interval')]),
        ),
        migrations.AlterUniqueTogether(
-            name="installationcount",
-            unique_together={("property", "end_time", "interval")},
+            name='installationcount',
+            unique_together=set([('property', 'end_time', 'interval')]),
        ),
        migrations.AlterUniqueTogether(
-            name="huddlecount",
-            unique_together={("huddle", "property", "end_time", "interval")},
+            name='huddlecount',
+            unique_together=set([('huddle', 'property', 'end_time', 'interval')]),
        ),
    ]
--- a/analytics/migrations/0002_remove_huddlecount.py
+++ b/analytics/migrations/0002_remove_huddlecount.py
@@ -1,29 +1,30 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 from django.db import migrations

-
 class Migration(migrations.Migration):
+
    dependencies = [
-        ("analytics", "0001_initial"),
+        ('analytics', '0001_initial'),
    ]

    operations = [
        migrations.AlterUniqueTogether(
-            name="huddlecount",
-            unique_together=set(),
+            name='huddlecount',
+            unique_together=set([]),
        ),
        migrations.RemoveField(
-            model_name="huddlecount",
-            name="anomaly",
+            model_name='huddlecount',
+            name='anomaly',
        ),
        migrations.RemoveField(
-            model_name="huddlecount",
-            name="huddle",
+            model_name='huddlecount',
+            name='huddle',
        ),
        migrations.RemoveField(
-            model_name="huddlecount",
-            name="user",
+            model_name='huddlecount',
+            name='user',
        ),
        migrations.DeleteModel(
-            name="HuddleCount",
+            name='HuddleCount',
        ),
    ]
--- a/analytics/migrations/0003_fillstate.py
+++ b/analytics/migrations/0003_fillstate.py
@@ -1,25 +1,21 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 from django.db import migrations, models

-
 class Migration(migrations.Migration):
+
    dependencies = [
-        ("analytics", "0002_remove_huddlecount"),
+        ('analytics', '0002_remove_huddlecount'),
    ]

    operations = [
        migrations.CreateModel(
-            name="FillState",
+            name='FillState',
            fields=[
-                (
-                    "id",
-                    models.AutoField(
-                        verbose_name="ID", serialize=False, auto_created=True, primary_key=True
-                    ),
-                ),
-                ("property", models.CharField(unique=True, max_length=40)),
-                ("end_time", models.DateTimeField()),
-                ("state", models.PositiveSmallIntegerField()),
-                ("last_modified", models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True)),
+                ('id', models.AutoField(verbose_name='ID', serialize=False, auto_created=True, primary_key=True)),
+                ('property', models.CharField(unique=True, max_length=40)),
+                ('end_time', models.DateTimeField()),
+                ('state', models.PositiveSmallIntegerField()),
+                ('last_modified', models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True)),
            ],
            bases=(models.Model,),
        ),
--- a/analytics/migrations/0004_add_subgroup.py
+++ b/analytics/migrations/0004_add_subgroup.py
@@ -1,30 +1,31 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 from django.db import migrations, models

-
 class Migration(migrations.Migration):
+
    dependencies = [
-        ("analytics", "0003_fillstate"),
+        ('analytics', '0003_fillstate'),
    ]

    operations = [
        migrations.AddField(
-            model_name="installationcount",
-            name="subgroup",
+            model_name='installationcount',
+            name='subgroup',
            field=models.CharField(max_length=16, null=True),
        ),
        migrations.AddField(
-            model_name="realmcount",
-            name="subgroup",
+            model_name='realmcount',
+            name='subgroup',
            field=models.CharField(max_length=16, null=True),
        ),
        migrations.AddField(
-            model_name="streamcount",
-            name="subgroup",
+            model_name='streamcount',
+            name='subgroup',
            field=models.CharField(max_length=16, null=True),
        ),
        migrations.AddField(
-            model_name="usercount",
-            name="subgroup",
+            model_name='usercount',
+            name='subgroup',
            field=models.CharField(max_length=16, null=True),
        ),
    ]
--- a/analytics/migrations/0005_alter_field_size.py
+++ b/analytics/migrations/0005_alter_field_size.py
@@ -1,50 +1,51 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 from django.db import migrations, models

-
 class Migration(migrations.Migration):
+
    dependencies = [
-        ("analytics", "0004_add_subgroup"),
+        ('analytics', '0004_add_subgroup'),
    ]

    operations = [
        migrations.AlterField(
-            model_name="installationcount",
-            name="interval",
+            model_name='installationcount',
+            name='interval',
            field=models.CharField(max_length=8),
        ),
        migrations.AlterField(
-            model_name="installationcount",
-            name="property",
+            model_name='installationcount',
+            name='property',
            field=models.CharField(max_length=32),
        ),
        migrations.AlterField(
-            model_name="realmcount",
-            name="interval",
+            model_name='realmcount',
+            name='interval',
            field=models.CharField(max_length=8),
        ),
        migrations.AlterField(
-            model_name="realmcount",
-            name="property",
+            model_name='realmcount',
+            name='property',
            field=models.CharField(max_length=32),
        ),
        migrations.AlterField(
-            model_name="streamcount",
-            name="interval",
+            model_name='streamcount',
+            name='interval',
            field=models.CharField(max_length=8),
        ),
        migrations.AlterField(
-            model_name="streamcount",
-            name="property",
+            model_name='streamcount',
+            name='property',
            field=models.CharField(max_length=32),
        ),
        migrations.AlterField(
-            model_name="usercount",
-            name="interval",
+            model_name='usercount',
+            name='interval',
            field=models.CharField(max_length=8),
        ),
        migrations.AlterField(
-            model_name="usercount",
-            name="property",
+            model_name='usercount',
+            name='property',
            field=models.CharField(max_length=32),
        ),
    ]
--- a/analytics/migrations/0006_add_subgroup_to_unique_constraints.py
+++ b/analytics/migrations/0006_add_subgroup_to_unique_constraints.py
@@ -1,26 +1,27 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 from django.db import migrations

-
 class Migration(migrations.Migration):
+
    dependencies = [
-        ("analytics", "0005_alter_field_size"),
+        ('analytics', '0005_alter_field_size'),
    ]

    operations = [
        migrations.AlterUniqueTogether(
-            name="installationcount",
-            unique_together={("property", "subgroup", "end_time", "interval")},
+            name='installationcount',
+            unique_together=set([('property', 'subgroup', 'end_time', 'interval')]),
        ),
        migrations.AlterUniqueTogether(
-            name="realmcount",
-            unique_together={("realm", "property", "subgroup", "end_time", "interval")},
+            name='realmcount',
+            unique_together=set([('realm', 'property', 'subgroup', 'end_time', 'interval')]),
        ),
        migrations.AlterUniqueTogether(
-            name="streamcount",
-            unique_together={("stream", "property", "subgroup", "end_time", "interval")},
+            name='streamcount',
+            unique_together=set([('stream', 'property', 'subgroup', 'end_time', 'interval')]),
        ),
        migrations.AlterUniqueTogether(
-            name="usercount",
-            unique_together={("user", "property", "subgroup", "end_time", "interval")},
+            name='usercount',
+            unique_together=set([('user', 'property', 'subgroup', 'end_time', 'interval')]),
        ),
    ]
--- a/analytics/migrations/0007_remove_interval.py
+++ b/analytics/migrations/0007_remove_interval.py
@@ -1,43 +1,44 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Generated by Django 1.10.4 on 2017-01-16 20:50
 from django.db import migrations

-
 class Migration(migrations.Migration):
+
    dependencies = [
-        ("analytics", "0006_add_subgroup_to_unique_constraints"),
+        ('analytics', '0006_add_subgroup_to_unique_constraints'),
    ]

    operations = [
        migrations.AlterUniqueTogether(
-            name="installationcount",
-            unique_together={("property", "subgroup", "end_time")},
+            name='installationcount',
+            unique_together=set([('property', 'subgroup', 'end_time')]),
        ),
        migrations.RemoveField(
-            model_name="installationcount",
-            name="interval",
+            model_name='installationcount',
+            name='interval',
        ),
        migrations.AlterUniqueTogether(
-            name="realmcount",
-            unique_together={("realm", "property", "subgroup", "end_time")},
+            name='realmcount',
+            unique_together=set([('realm', 'property', 'subgroup', 'end_time')]),
        ),
        migrations.RemoveField(
-            model_name="realmcount",
-            name="interval",
+            model_name='realmcount',
+            name='interval',
        ),
        migrations.AlterUniqueTogether(
-            name="streamcount",
-            unique_together={("stream", "property", "subgroup", "end_time")},
+            name='streamcount',
+            unique_together=set([('stream', 'property', 'subgroup', 'end_time')]),
        ),
        migrations.RemoveField(
-            model_name="streamcount",
-            name="interval",
+            model_name='streamcount',
+            name='interval',
        ),
        migrations.AlterUniqueTogether(
-            name="usercount",
-            unique_together={("user", "property", "subgroup", "end_time")},
+            name='usercount',
+            unique_together=set([('user', 'property', 'subgroup', 'end_time')]),
        ),
        migrations.RemoveField(
-            model_name="usercount",
-            name="interval",
+            model_name='usercount',
+            name='interval',
        ),
    ]
--- a/analytics/migrations/0008_add_count_indexes.py
+++ b/analytics/migrations/0008_add_count_indexes.py
@@ -1,33 +1,25 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Generated by Django 1.10.5 on 2017-02-01 22:28
-from django.db import migrations, models
-
+from django.db import migrations

 class Migration(migrations.Migration):
+
    dependencies = [
-        ("zerver", "0050_userprofile_avatar_version"),
-        ("analytics", "0007_remove_interval"),
+        ('zerver', '0050_userprofile_avatar_version'),
+        ('analytics', '0007_remove_interval'),
    ]

    operations = [
-        migrations.AddIndex(
-            model_name="realmcount",
-            index=models.Index(
-                fields=["property", "end_time"],
-                name="analytics_realmcount_property_end_time_3b60396b_idx",
-            ),
+        migrations.AlterIndexTogether(
+            name='realmcount',
+            index_together=set([('property', 'end_time')]),
        ),
-        migrations.AddIndex(
-            model_name="streamcount",
-            index=models.Index(
-                fields=["property", "realm", "end_time"],
-                name="analytics_streamcount_property_realm_id_end_time_155ae930_idx",
-            ),
+        migrations.AlterIndexTogether(
+            name='streamcount',
+            index_together=set([('property', 'realm', 'end_time')]),
        ),
-        migrations.AddIndex(
-            model_name="usercount",
-            index=models.Index(
-                fields=["property", "realm", "end_time"],
-                name="analytics_usercount_property_realm_id_end_time_591dbec1_idx",
-            ),
+        migrations.AlterIndexTogether(
+            name='usercount',
+            index_together=set([('property', 'realm', 'end_time')]),
        ),
    ]
--- a/analytics/migrations/0009_remove_messages_to_stream_stat.py
+++ b/analytics/migrations/0009_remove_messages_to_stream_stat.py
@@ -1,28 +1,26 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 from django.db import migrations
-from django.db.backends.base.schema import BaseDatabaseSchemaEditor
+from django.db.backends.postgresql_psycopg2.schema import DatabaseSchemaEditor
 from django.db.migrations.state import StateApps

+def delete_messages_sent_to_stream_stat(apps: StateApps, schema_editor: DatabaseSchemaEditor) -> None:
+    UserCount = apps.get_model('analytics', 'UserCount')
+    StreamCount = apps.get_model('analytics', 'StreamCount')
+    RealmCount = apps.get_model('analytics', 'RealmCount')
+    InstallationCount = apps.get_model('analytics', 'InstallationCount')
+    FillState = apps.get_model('analytics', 'FillState')

-def delete_messages_sent_to_stream_stat(
-    apps: StateApps, schema_editor: BaseDatabaseSchemaEditor
-) -> None:
-    UserCount = apps.get_model("analytics", "UserCount")
-    StreamCount = apps.get_model("analytics", "StreamCount")
-    RealmCount = apps.get_model("analytics", "RealmCount")
-    InstallationCount = apps.get_model("analytics", "InstallationCount")
-    FillState = apps.get_model("analytics", "FillState")
-
-    property = "messages_sent_to_stream:is_bot"
+    property = 'messages_sent_to_stream:is_bot'
    UserCount.objects.filter(property=property).delete()
    StreamCount.objects.filter(property=property).delete()
    RealmCount.objects.filter(property=property).delete()
    InstallationCount.objects.filter(property=property).delete()
    FillState.objects.filter(property=property).delete()

-
 class Migration(migrations.Migration):
+
    dependencies = [
-        ("analytics", "0008_add_count_indexes"),
+        ('analytics', '0008_add_count_indexes'),
    ]

    operations = [
--- a/analytics/migrations/0010_clear_messages_sent_values.py
+++ b/analytics/migrations/0010_clear_messages_sent_values.py
@@ -1,27 +1,25 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 from django.db import migrations
-from django.db.backends.base.schema import BaseDatabaseSchemaEditor
+from django.db.backends.postgresql_psycopg2.schema import DatabaseSchemaEditor
 from django.db.migrations.state import StateApps

+def clear_message_sent_by_message_type_values(apps: StateApps, schema_editor: DatabaseSchemaEditor) -> None:
+    UserCount = apps.get_model('analytics', 'UserCount')
+    StreamCount = apps.get_model('analytics', 'StreamCount')
+    RealmCount = apps.get_model('analytics', 'RealmCount')
+    InstallationCount = apps.get_model('analytics', 'InstallationCount')
+    FillState = apps.get_model('analytics', 'FillState')

-def clear_message_sent_by_message_type_values(
-    apps: StateApps, schema_editor: BaseDatabaseSchemaEditor
-) -> None:
-    UserCount = apps.get_model("analytics", "UserCount")
-    StreamCount = apps.get_model("analytics", "StreamCount")
-    RealmCount = apps.get_model("analytics", "RealmCount")
-    InstallationCount = apps.get_model("analytics", "InstallationCount")
-    FillState = apps.get_model("analytics", "FillState")
-
-    property = "messages_sent:message_type:day"
+    property = 'messages_sent:message_type:day'
    UserCount.objects.filter(property=property).delete()
    StreamCount.objects.filter(property=property).delete()
    RealmCount.objects.filter(property=property).delete()
    InstallationCount.objects.filter(property=property).delete()
    FillState.objects.filter(property=property).delete()

-
 class Migration(migrations.Migration):
-    dependencies = [("analytics", "0009_remove_messages_to_stream_stat")]
+
+    dependencies = [('analytics', '0009_remove_messages_to_stream_stat')]

    operations = [
        migrations.RunPython(clear_message_sent_by_message_type_values),
--- a/analytics/migrations/0011_clear_analytics_tables.py
+++ b/analytics/migrations/0011_clear_analytics_tables.py
@@ -1,14 +1,14 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 from django.db import migrations
-from django.db.backends.base.schema import BaseDatabaseSchemaEditor
+from django.db.backends.postgresql_psycopg2.schema import DatabaseSchemaEditor
 from django.db.migrations.state import StateApps

-
-def clear_analytics_tables(apps: StateApps, schema_editor: BaseDatabaseSchemaEditor) -> None:
-    UserCount = apps.get_model("analytics", "UserCount")
-    StreamCount = apps.get_model("analytics", "StreamCount")
-    RealmCount = apps.get_model("analytics", "RealmCount")
-    InstallationCount = apps.get_model("analytics", "InstallationCount")
-    FillState = apps.get_model("analytics", "FillState")
+def clear_analytics_tables(apps: StateApps, schema_editor: DatabaseSchemaEditor) -> None:
+    UserCount = apps.get_model('analytics', 'UserCount')
+    StreamCount = apps.get_model('analytics', 'StreamCount')
+    RealmCount = apps.get_model('analytics', 'RealmCount')
+    InstallationCount = apps.get_model('analytics', 'InstallationCount')
+    FillState = apps.get_model('analytics', 'FillState')

    UserCount.objects.all().delete()
    StreamCount.objects.all().delete()
@@ -16,10 +16,10 @@ def clear_analytics_tables(apps: StateApps, schema_editor: BaseDatabaseSchemaEdi
    InstallationCount.objects.all().delete()
    FillState.objects.all().delete()

-
 class Migration(migrations.Migration):
+
    dependencies = [
-        ("analytics", "0010_clear_messages_sent_values"),
+        ('analytics', '0010_clear_messages_sent_values'),
    ]

    operations = [
--- a/analytics/migrations/0012_add_on_delete.py
+++ b/analytics/migrations/0012_add_on_delete.py
@@ -1,41 +1,36 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Generated by Django 1.11.6 on 2018-01-29 08:14
+from __future__ import unicode_literals

-import django.db.models.deletion
 from django.db import migrations, models
+import django.db.models.deletion


 class Migration(migrations.Migration):
+
    dependencies = [
-        ("analytics", "0011_clear_analytics_tables"),
+        ('analytics', '0011_clear_analytics_tables'),
    ]

    operations = [
        migrations.AlterField(
-            model_name="installationcount",
-            name="anomaly",
-            field=models.ForeignKey(
-                null=True, on_delete=django.db.models.deletion.SET_NULL, to="analytics.Anomaly"
-            ),
+            model_name='installationcount',
+            name='anomaly',
+            field=models.ForeignKey(null=True, on_delete=django.db.models.deletion.SET_NULL, to='analytics.Anomaly'),
        ),
        migrations.AlterField(
-            model_name="realmcount",
-            name="anomaly",
-            field=models.ForeignKey(
-                null=True, on_delete=django.db.models.deletion.SET_NULL, to="analytics.Anomaly"
-            ),
+            model_name='realmcount',
+            name='anomaly',
+            field=models.ForeignKey(null=True, on_delete=django.db.models.deletion.SET_NULL, to='analytics.Anomaly'),
        ),
        migrations.AlterField(
-            model_name="streamcount",
-            name="anomaly",
-            field=models.ForeignKey(
-                null=True, on_delete=django.db.models.deletion.SET_NULL, to="analytics.Anomaly"
-            ),
+            model_name='streamcount',
+            name='anomaly',
+            field=models.ForeignKey(null=True, on_delete=django.db.models.deletion.SET_NULL, to='analytics.Anomaly'),
        ),
        migrations.AlterField(
-            model_name="usercount",
-            name="anomaly",
-            field=models.ForeignKey(
-                null=True, on_delete=django.db.models.deletion.SET_NULL, to="analytics.Anomaly"
-            ),
+            model_name='usercount',
+            name='anomaly',
+            field=models.ForeignKey(null=True, on_delete=django.db.models.deletion.SET_NULL, to='analytics.Anomaly'),
        ),
    ]
--- a/analytics/migrations/0013_remove_anomaly.py
+++ b/analytics/migrations/0013_remove_anomaly.py
@@ -1,31 +1,34 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Generated by Django 1.11.18 on 2019-02-02 02:47
+from __future__ import unicode_literals

 from django.db import migrations


 class Migration(migrations.Migration):
+
    dependencies = [
-        ("analytics", "0012_add_on_delete"),
+        ('analytics', '0012_add_on_delete'),
    ]

    operations = [
        migrations.RemoveField(
-            model_name="installationcount",
-            name="anomaly",
+            model_name='installationcount',
+            name='anomaly',
        ),
        migrations.RemoveField(
-            model_name="realmcount",
-            name="anomaly",
+            model_name='realmcount',
+            name='anomaly',
        ),
        migrations.RemoveField(
-            model_name="streamcount",
-            name="anomaly",
+            model_name='streamcount',
+            name='anomaly',
        ),
        migrations.RemoveField(
-            model_name="usercount",
-            name="anomaly",
+            model_name='usercount',
+            name='anomaly',
        ),
        migrations.DeleteModel(
-            name="Anomaly",
+            name='Anomaly',
        ),
    ]
--- a/analytics/migrations/0014_remove_fillstate_last_modified.py
+++ b/analytics/migrations/0014_remove_fillstate_last_modified.py
@@ -1,16 +0,0 @@
-# Generated by Django 1.11.26 on 2020-01-27 04:32
-
-from django.db import migrations
-
-
-class Migration(migrations.Migration):
-    dependencies = [
-        ("analytics", "0013_remove_anomaly"),
-    ]
-
-    operations = [
-        migrations.RemoveField(
-            model_name="fillstate",
-            name="last_modified",
-        ),
-    ]
--- a/analytics/migrations/0015_clear_duplicate_counts.py
+++ b/analytics/migrations/0015_clear_duplicate_counts.py
@@ -1,64 +0,0 @@
-from django.db import migrations
-from django.db.backends.base.schema import BaseDatabaseSchemaEditor
-from django.db.migrations.state import StateApps
-from django.db.models import Count, Sum
-
-
-def clear_duplicate_counts(apps: StateApps, schema_editor: BaseDatabaseSchemaEditor) -> None:
-    """This is a preparatory migration for our Analytics tables.
-
-    The backstory is that Django's unique_together indexes do not properly
-    handle the subgroup=None corner case (allowing duplicate rows that have a
-    subgroup of None), which meant that in race conditions, rather than updating
-    an existing row for the property/(realm, stream, user)/time with subgroup=None, Django would
-    create a duplicate row.
-
-    In the next migration, we'll add a proper constraint to fix this bug, but
-    we need to fix any existing problematic rows before we can add that constraint.
-
-    We fix this in an appropriate fashion for each type of CountStat object; mainly
-    this means deleting the extra rows, but for LoggingCountStat objects, we need to
-    additionally combine the sums.
-    """
-    count_tables = dict(
-        realm=apps.get_model("analytics", "RealmCount"),
-        user=apps.get_model("analytics", "UserCount"),
-        stream=apps.get_model("analytics", "StreamCount"),
-        installation=apps.get_model("analytics", "InstallationCount"),
-    )
-
-    for name, count_table in count_tables.items():
-        value = [name, "property", "end_time"]
-        if name == "installation":
-            value = ["property", "end_time"]
-        counts = (
-            count_table.objects.filter(subgroup=None)
-            .values(*value)
-            .annotate(Count("id"), Sum("value"))
-            .filter(id__count__gt=1)
-        )
-
-        for count in counts:
-            count.pop("id__count")
-            total_value = count.pop("value__sum")
-            duplicate_counts = list(count_table.objects.filter(**count))
-            first_count = duplicate_counts[0]
-            if count["property"] in ["invites_sent::day", "active_users_log:is_bot:day"]:
-                # For LoggingCountStat objects, the right fix is to combine the totals;
-                # for other CountStat objects, we expect the duplicates to have the same value.
-                # And so all we need to do is delete them.
-                first_count.value = total_value
-                first_count.save()
-            to_cleanup = duplicate_counts[1:]
-            for duplicate_count in to_cleanup:
-                duplicate_count.delete()
-
-
-class Migration(migrations.Migration):
-    dependencies = [
-        ("analytics", "0014_remove_fillstate_last_modified"),
-    ]
-
-    operations = [
-        migrations.RunPython(clear_duplicate_counts, reverse_code=migrations.RunPython.noop),
-    ]
--- a/analytics/migrations/0016_unique_constraint_when_subgroup_null.py
+++ b/analytics/migrations/0016_unique_constraint_when_subgroup_null.py
@@ -1,92 +0,0 @@
-# Generated by Django 2.2.10 on 2020-02-29 19:40
-
-from django.db import migrations, models
-
-
-class Migration(migrations.Migration):
-    dependencies = [
-        ("analytics", "0015_clear_duplicate_counts"),
-    ]
-
-    operations = [
-        migrations.AlterUniqueTogether(
-            name="installationcount",
-            unique_together=set(),
-        ),
-        migrations.AlterUniqueTogether(
-            name="realmcount",
-            unique_together=set(),
-        ),
-        migrations.AlterUniqueTogether(
-            name="streamcount",
-            unique_together=set(),
-        ),
-        migrations.AlterUniqueTogether(
-            name="usercount",
-            unique_together=set(),
-        ),
-        migrations.AddConstraint(
-            model_name="installationcount",
-            constraint=models.UniqueConstraint(
-                condition=models.Q(subgroup__isnull=False),
-                fields=("property", "subgroup", "end_time"),
-                name="unique_installation_count",
-            ),
-        ),
-        migrations.AddConstraint(
-            model_name="installationcount",
-            constraint=models.UniqueConstraint(
-                condition=models.Q(subgroup__isnull=True),
-                fields=("property", "end_time"),
-                name="unique_installation_count_null_subgroup",
-            ),
-        ),
-        migrations.AddConstraint(
-            model_name="realmcount",
-            constraint=models.UniqueConstraint(
-                condition=models.Q(subgroup__isnull=False),
-                fields=("realm", "property", "subgroup", "end_time"),
-                name="unique_realm_count",
-            ),
-        ),
-        migrations.AddConstraint(
-            model_name="realmcount",
-            constraint=models.UniqueConstraint(
-                condition=models.Q(subgroup__isnull=True),
-                fields=("realm", "property", "end_time"),
-                name="unique_realm_count_null_subgroup",
-            ),
-        ),
-        migrations.AddConstraint(
-            model_name="streamcount",
-            constraint=models.UniqueConstraint(
-                condition=models.Q(subgroup__isnull=False),
-                fields=("stream", "property", "subgroup", "end_time"),
-                name="unique_stream_count",
-            ),
-        ),
-        migrations.AddConstraint(
-            model_name="streamcount",
-            constraint=models.UniqueConstraint(
-                condition=models.Q(subgroup__isnull=True),
-                fields=("stream", "property", "end_time"),
-                name="unique_stream_count_null_subgroup",
-            ),
-        ),
-        migrations.AddConstraint(
-            model_name="usercount",
-            constraint=models.UniqueConstraint(
-                condition=models.Q(subgroup__isnull=False),
-                fields=("user", "property", "subgroup", "end_time"),
-                name="unique_user_count",
-            ),
-        ),
-        migrations.AddConstraint(
-            model_name="usercount",
-            constraint=models.UniqueConstraint(
-                condition=models.Q(subgroup__isnull=True),
-                fields=("user", "property", "end_time"),
-                name="unique_user_count_null_subgroup",
-            ),
-        ),
-    ]
--- a/analytics/migrations/0017_regenerate_partial_indexes.py
+++ b/analytics/migrations/0017_regenerate_partial_indexes.py
@@ -1,114 +0,0 @@
-from django.db import migrations, models
-
-
-class Migration(migrations.Migration):
-    dependencies = [
-        ("analytics", "0016_unique_constraint_when_subgroup_null"),
-    ]
-
-    # If the server was installed between 7.0 and 7.4 (or main between
-    # 2c20028aa451 and 7807bff52635), it contains indexes which (when
-    # running 7.5 or 7807bff52635 or higher) are never used, because
-    # they contain an improper cast
-    # (https://code.djangoproject.com/ticket/34840).
-    #
-    # We regenerate the indexes here, by dropping and re-creating
-    # them, so that we know that they are properly formed.
-    operations = [
-        migrations.RemoveConstraint(
-            model_name="installationcount",
-            name="unique_installation_count",
-        ),
-        migrations.AddConstraint(
-            model_name="installationcount",
-            constraint=models.UniqueConstraint(
-                condition=models.Q(subgroup__isnull=False),
-                fields=("property", "subgroup", "end_time"),
-                name="unique_installation_count",
-            ),
-        ),
-        migrations.RemoveConstraint(
-            model_name="installationcount",
-            name="unique_installation_count_null_subgroup",
-        ),
-        migrations.AddConstraint(
-            model_name="installationcount",
-            constraint=models.UniqueConstraint(
-                condition=models.Q(subgroup__isnull=True),
-                fields=("property", "end_time"),
-                name="unique_installation_count_null_subgroup",
-            ),
-        ),
-        migrations.RemoveConstraint(
-            model_name="realmcount",
-            name="unique_realm_count",
-        ),
-        migrations.AddConstraint(
-            model_name="realmcount",
-            constraint=models.UniqueConstraint(
-                condition=models.Q(subgroup__isnull=False),
-                fields=("realm", "property", "subgroup", "end_time"),
-                name="unique_realm_count",
-            ),
-        ),
-        migrations.RemoveConstraint(
-            model_name="realmcount",
-            name="unique_realm_count_null_subgroup",
-        ),
-        migrations.AddConstraint(
-            model_name="realmcount",
-            constraint=models.UniqueConstraint(
-                condition=models.Q(subgroup__isnull=True),
-                fields=("realm", "property", "end_time"),
-                name="unique_realm_count_null_subgroup",
-            ),
-        ),
-        migrations.RemoveConstraint(
-            model_name="streamcount",
-            name="unique_stream_count",
-        ),
-        migrations.AddConstraint(
-            model_name="streamcount",
-            constraint=models.UniqueConstraint(
-                condition=models.Q(subgroup__isnull=False),
-                fields=("stream", "property", "subgroup", "end_time"),
-                name="unique_stream_count",
-            ),
-        ),
-        migrations.RemoveConstraint(
-            model_name="streamcount",
-            name="unique_stream_count_null_subgroup",
-        ),
-        migrations.AddConstraint(
-            model_name="streamcount",
-            constraint=models.UniqueConstraint(
-                condition=models.Q(subgroup__isnull=True),
-                fields=("stream", "property", "end_time"),
-                name="unique_stream_count_null_subgroup",
-            ),
-        ),
-        migrations.RemoveConstraint(
-            model_name="usercount",
-            name="unique_user_count",
-        ),
-        migrations.AddConstraint(
-            model_name="usercount",
-            constraint=models.UniqueConstraint(
-                condition=models.Q(subgroup__isnull=False),
-                fields=("user", "property", "subgroup", "end_time"),
-                name="unique_user_count",
-            ),
-        ),
-        migrations.RemoveConstraint(
-            model_name="usercount",
-            name="unique_user_count_null_subgroup",
-        ),
-        migrations.AddConstraint(
-            model_name="usercount",
-            constraint=models.UniqueConstraint(
-                condition=models.Q(subgroup__isnull=True),
-                fields=("user", "property", "end_time"),
-                name="unique_user_count_null_subgroup",
-            ),
-        ),
-    ]
--- a/analytics/migrations/0018_remove_usercount_active_users_audit.py
+++ b/analytics/migrations/0018_remove_usercount_active_users_audit.py
@@ -1,15 +0,0 @@
-from django.db import migrations
-
-
-class Migration(migrations.Migration):
-    elidable = True
-
-    dependencies = [
-        ("analytics", "0017_regenerate_partial_indexes"),
-    ]
-
-    operations = [
-        migrations.RunSQL(
-            "DELETE FROM analytics_usercount WHERE property = 'active_users_audit:is_bot:day'"
-        )
-    ]
--- a/analytics/migrations/0019_remove_unused_counts.py
+++ b/analytics/migrations/0019_remove_unused_counts.py
@@ -1,26 +0,0 @@
-from django.db import migrations
-
-REMOVED_COUNTS = (
-    "active_users_log:is_bot:day",
-    "active_users:is_bot:day",
-)
-
-
-class Migration(migrations.Migration):
-    elidable = True
-
-    dependencies = [
-        ("analytics", "0018_remove_usercount_active_users_audit"),
-    ]
-
-    operations = [
-        migrations.RunSQL(
-            [
-                ("DELETE FROM analytics_realmcount WHERE property IN %s", (REMOVED_COUNTS,)),
-                (
-                    "DELETE FROM analytics_installationcount WHERE property IN %s",
-                    (REMOVED_COUNTS,),
-                ),
-            ]
-        )
-    ]
--- a/analytics/migrations/0020_alter_installationcount_id_alter_realmcount_id_and_more.py
+++ b/analytics/migrations/0020_alter_installationcount_id_alter_realmcount_id_and_more.py
@@ -1,40 +0,0 @@
-from django.db import migrations, models
-
-
-class Migration(migrations.Migration):
-    atomic = False
-
-    dependencies = [
-        ("analytics", "0019_remove_unused_counts"),
-    ]
-
-    operations = [
-        migrations.AlterField(
-            model_name="installationcount",
-            name="id",
-            field=models.BigAutoField(
-                auto_created=True, primary_key=True, serialize=False, verbose_name="ID"
-            ),
-        ),
-        migrations.AlterField(
-            model_name="realmcount",
-            name="id",
-            field=models.BigAutoField(
-                auto_created=True, primary_key=True, serialize=False, verbose_name="ID"
-            ),
-        ),
-        migrations.AlterField(
-            model_name="streamcount",
-            name="id",
-            field=models.BigAutoField(
-                auto_created=True, primary_key=True, serialize=False, verbose_name="ID"
-            ),
-        ),
-        migrations.AlterField(
-            model_name="usercount",
-            name="id",
-            field=models.BigAutoField(
-                auto_created=True, primary_key=True, serialize=False, verbose_name="ID"
-            ),
-        ),
-    ]
--- a/analytics/migrations/0021_alter_fillstate_id.py
+++ b/analytics/migrations/0021_alter_fillstate_id.py
@@ -1,17 +0,0 @@
-from django.db import migrations, models
-
-
-class Migration(migrations.Migration):
-    dependencies = [
-        ("analytics", "0020_alter_installationcount_id_alter_realmcount_id_and_more"),
-    ]
-
-    operations = [
-        migrations.AlterField(
-            model_name="fillstate",
-            name="id",
-            field=models.BigAutoField(
-                auto_created=True, primary_key=True, serialize=False, verbose_name="ID"
-            ),
-        ),
-    ]
--- a/analytics/models.py
+++ b/analytics/models.py
@@ -1,161 +1,92 @@
-# https://github.com/typeddjango/django-stubs/issues/1698
-# mypy: disable-error-code="explicit-override"
-
-from datetime import datetime
+import datetime
+from typing import Optional

 from django.db import models
-from django.db.models import Q, UniqueConstraint
-from typing_extensions import override

 from zerver.lib.timestamp import floor_to_day
 from zerver.models import Realm, Stream, UserProfile

-
 class FillState(models.Model):
-    property = models.CharField(max_length=40, unique=True)
-    end_time = models.DateTimeField()
+    property = models.CharField(max_length=40, unique=True)  # type: str
+    end_time = models.DateTimeField()  # type: datetime.datetime

    # Valid states are {DONE, STARTED}
    DONE = 1
    STARTED = 2
-    state = models.PositiveSmallIntegerField()
+    state = models.PositiveSmallIntegerField()  # type: int
+
+    last_modified = models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True)  # type: datetime.datetime

-    @override
    def __str__(self) -> str:
-        return f"{self.property} {self.end_time} {self.state}"
-
+        return "<FillState: %s %s %s>" % (self.property, self.end_time, self.state)

 # The earliest/starting end_time in FillState
 # We assume there is at least one realm
-def installation_epoch() -> datetime:
-    earliest_realm_creation = Realm.objects.aggregate(models.Min("date_created"))[
-        "date_created__min"
-    ]
+def installation_epoch() -> datetime.datetime:
+    earliest_realm_creation = Realm.objects.aggregate(models.Min('date_created'))['date_created__min']
    return floor_to_day(earliest_realm_creation)

+def last_successful_fill(property: str) -> Optional[datetime.datetime]:
+    fillstate = FillState.objects.filter(property=property).first()
+    if fillstate is None:
+        return None
+    if fillstate.state == FillState.DONE:
+        return fillstate.end_time
+    return fillstate.end_time - datetime.timedelta(hours=1)

 class BaseCount(models.Model):
    # Note: When inheriting from BaseCount, you may want to rearrange
    # the order of the columns in the migration to make sure they
    # match how you'd like the table to be arranged.
-    property = models.CharField(max_length=32)
-    subgroup = models.CharField(max_length=16, null=True)
-    end_time = models.DateTimeField()
-    value = models.BigIntegerField()
+    property = models.CharField(max_length=32)  # type: str
+    subgroup = models.CharField(max_length=16, null=True)  # type: Optional[str]
+    end_time = models.DateTimeField()  # type: datetime.datetime
+    value = models.BigIntegerField()  # type: int

    class Meta:
        abstract = True

-
 class InstallationCount(BaseCount):
+
    class Meta:
-        # Handles invalid duplicate InstallationCount data
-        constraints = [
-            UniqueConstraint(
-                fields=["property", "subgroup", "end_time"],
-                condition=Q(subgroup__isnull=False),
-                name="unique_installation_count",
-            ),
-            UniqueConstraint(
-                fields=["property", "end_time"],
-                condition=Q(subgroup__isnull=True),
-                name="unique_installation_count_null_subgroup",
-            ),
-        ]
+        unique_together = ("property", "subgroup", "end_time")

-    @override
    def __str__(self) -> str:
-        return f"{self.property} {self.subgroup} {self.value}"
-
+        return "<InstallationCount: %s %s %s>" % (self.property, self.subgroup, self.value)

 class RealmCount(BaseCount):
    realm = models.ForeignKey(Realm, on_delete=models.CASCADE)

    class Meta:
-        # Handles invalid duplicate RealmCount data
-        constraints = [
-            UniqueConstraint(
-                fields=["realm", "property", "subgroup", "end_time"],
-                condition=Q(subgroup__isnull=False),
-                name="unique_realm_count",
-            ),
-            UniqueConstraint(
-                fields=["realm", "property", "end_time"],
-                condition=Q(subgroup__isnull=True),
-                name="unique_realm_count_null_subgroup",
-            ),
-        ]
-        indexes = [
-            models.Index(
-                fields=["property", "end_time"],
-                name="analytics_realmcount_property_end_time_3b60396b_idx",
-            )
-        ]
+        unique_together = ("realm", "property", "subgroup", "end_time")
+        index_together = ["property", "end_time"]

-    @override
    def __str__(self) -> str:
-        return f"{self.realm!r} {self.property} {self.subgroup} {self.value}"
-
+        return "<RealmCount: %s %s %s %s>" % (self.realm, self.property, self.subgroup, self.value)

 class UserCount(BaseCount):
    user = models.ForeignKey(UserProfile, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    realm = models.ForeignKey(Realm, on_delete=models.CASCADE)

    class Meta:
-        # Handles invalid duplicate UserCount data
-        constraints = [
-            UniqueConstraint(
-                fields=["user", "property", "subgroup", "end_time"],
-                condition=Q(subgroup__isnull=False),
-                name="unique_user_count",
-            ),
-            UniqueConstraint(
-                fields=["user", "property", "end_time"],
-                condition=Q(subgroup__isnull=True),
-                name="unique_user_count_null_subgroup",
-            ),
-        ]
+        unique_together = ("user", "property", "subgroup", "end_time")
        # This index dramatically improves the performance of
        # aggregating from users to realms
-        indexes = [
-            models.Index(
-                fields=["property", "realm", "end_time"],
-                name="analytics_usercount_property_realm_id_end_time_591dbec1_idx",
-            )
-        ]
+        index_together = ["property", "realm", "end_time"]

-    @override
    def __str__(self) -> str:
-        return f"{self.user!r} {self.property} {self.subgroup} {self.value}"
-
+        return "<UserCount: %s %s %s %s>" % (self.user, self.property, self.subgroup, self.value)

 class StreamCount(BaseCount):
    stream = models.ForeignKey(Stream, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    realm = models.ForeignKey(Realm, on_delete=models.CASCADE)

    class Meta:
-        # Handles invalid duplicate StreamCount data
-        constraints = [
-            UniqueConstraint(
-                fields=["stream", "property", "subgroup", "end_time"],
-                condition=Q(subgroup__isnull=False),
-                name="unique_stream_count",
-            ),
-            UniqueConstraint(
-                fields=["stream", "property", "end_time"],
-                condition=Q(subgroup__isnull=True),
-                name="unique_stream_count_null_subgroup",
-            ),
-        ]
+        unique_together = ("stream", "property", "subgroup", "end_time")
        # This index dramatically improves the performance of
        # aggregating from streams to realms
-        indexes = [
-            models.Index(
-                fields=["property", "realm", "end_time"],
-                name="analytics_streamcount_property_realm_id_end_time_155ae930_idx",
-            )
-        ]
+        index_together = ["property", "realm", "end_time"]

-    @override
    def __str__(self) -> str:
-        return f"{self.stream!r} {self.property} {self.subgroup} {self.value} {self.id}"
+        return "<StreamCount: %s %s %s %s %s>" % (
+            self.stream, self.property, self.subgroup, self.value, self.id)
--- a/analytics/tests/test_counts.py
+++ b/analytics/tests/test_counts.py
--- a/analytics/tests/test_fixtures.py
+++ b/analytics/tests/test_fixtures.py
@@ -2,39 +2,28 @@ from analytics.lib.counts import CountStat
 from analytics.lib.fixtures import generate_time_series_data
 from zerver.lib.test_classes import ZulipTestCase

-
 # A very light test suite; the code being tested is not run in production.
 class TestFixtures(ZulipTestCase):
    def test_deterministic_settings(self) -> None:
        # test basic business_hour / non_business_hour calculation
        # test we get an array of the right length with frequency=CountStat.DAY
        data = generate_time_series_data(
-            days=7, business_hours_base=20, non_business_hours_base=15, spikiness=0
-        )
+            days=7, business_hours_base=20, non_business_hours_base=15, spikiness=0)
        self.assertEqual(data, [400, 400, 400, 400, 400, 360, 360])

        data = generate_time_series_data(
-            days=1,
-            business_hours_base=2000,
-            non_business_hours_base=1500,
-            growth=2,
-            spikiness=0,
-            frequency=CountStat.HOUR,
-        )
+            days=1, business_hours_base=2000, non_business_hours_base=1500,
+            growth=2, spikiness=0, frequency=CountStat.HOUR)
        # test we get an array of the right length with frequency=CountStat.HOUR
-        self.assert_length(data, 24)
+        self.assertEqual(len(data), 24)
        # test that growth doesn't affect the first data point
        self.assertEqual(data[0], 2000)
        # test that the last data point is growth times what it otherwise would be
-        self.assertEqual(data[-1], 1500 * 2)
+        self.assertEqual(data[-1], 1500*2)

        # test autocorrelation == 1, since that's the easiest value to test
        data = generate_time_series_data(
-            days=1,
-            business_hours_base=2000,
-            non_business_hours_base=2000,
-            autocorrelation=1,
-            frequency=CountStat.HOUR,
-        )
+            days=1, business_hours_base=2000, non_business_hours_base=2000,
+            autocorrelation=1, frequency=CountStat.HOUR)
        self.assertEqual(data[0], data[1])
        self.assertEqual(data[0], data[-1])
--- a/analytics/tests/test_stats_views.py
+++ b/analytics/tests/test_stats_views.py
@@ -1,689 +0,0 @@
-from datetime import datetime, timedelta, timezone
-
-from django.utils.timezone import now as timezone_now
-from typing_extensions import override
-
-from analytics.lib.counts import COUNT_STATS, CountStat
-from analytics.lib.time_utils import time_range
-from analytics.models import FillState, RealmCount, StreamCount, UserCount
-from analytics.views.stats import rewrite_client_arrays, sort_by_totals, sort_client_labels
-from zerver.lib.test_classes import ZulipTestCase
-from zerver.lib.timestamp import ceiling_to_day, ceiling_to_hour, datetime_to_timestamp
-from zerver.models import Client
-from zerver.models.realms import get_realm
-
-
-class TestStatsEndpoint(ZulipTestCase):
-    def test_stats(self) -> None:
-        self.user = self.example_user("hamlet")
-        self.login_user(self.user)
-        result = self.client_get("/stats")
-        self.assertEqual(result.status_code, 200)
-        # Check that we get something back
-        self.assert_in_response("Zulip analytics for", result)
-
-    def test_guest_user_cant_access_stats(self) -> None:
-        self.user = self.example_user("polonius")
-        self.login_user(self.user)
-        result = self.client_get("/stats")
-        self.assert_json_error(result, "Not allowed for guest users", 400)
-
-        result = self.client_get("/json/analytics/chart_data")
-        self.assert_json_error(result, "Not allowed for guest users", 400)
-
-    def test_stats_for_realm(self) -> None:
-        user = self.example_user("hamlet")
-        self.login_user(user)
-
-        result = self.client_get("/stats/realm/zulip/")
-        self.assertEqual(result.status_code, 302)
-
-        result = self.client_get("/stats/realm/not_existing_realm/")
-        self.assertEqual(result.status_code, 302)
-
-        user = self.example_user("hamlet")
-        user.is_staff = True
-        user.save(update_fields=["is_staff"])
-
-        result = self.client_get("/stats/realm/not_existing_realm/")
-        self.assertEqual(result.status_code, 404)
-
-        result = self.client_get("/stats/realm/zulip/")
-        self.assertEqual(result.status_code, 200)
-        self.assert_in_response("Zulip analytics for", result)
-
-    def test_stats_for_installation(self) -> None:
-        user = self.example_user("hamlet")
-        self.login_user(user)
-
-        result = self.client_get("/stats/installation")
-        self.assertEqual(result.status_code, 302)
-
-        user = self.example_user("hamlet")
-        user.is_staff = True
-        user.save(update_fields=["is_staff"])
-
-        result = self.client_get("/stats/installation")
-        self.assertEqual(result.status_code, 200)
-        self.assert_in_response("Zulip analytics for", result)
-
-
-class TestGetChartData(ZulipTestCase):
-    @override
-    def setUp(self) -> None:
-        super().setUp()
-        self.realm = get_realm("zulip")
-        self.user = self.example_user("hamlet")
-        self.stream_id = self.get_stream_id(self.get_streams(self.user)[0])
-        self.login_user(self.user)
-        self.end_times_hour = [
-            ceiling_to_hour(self.realm.date_created) + timedelta(hours=i) for i in range(4)
-        ]
-        self.end_times_day = [
-            ceiling_to_day(self.realm.date_created) + timedelta(days=i) for i in range(4)
-        ]
-
-    def data(self, i: int) -> list[int]:
-        return [0, 0, i, 0]
-
-    def insert_data(
-        self, stat: CountStat, realm_subgroups: list[str | None], user_subgroups: list[str]
-    ) -> None:
-        if stat.frequency == CountStat.HOUR:
-            insert_time = self.end_times_hour[2]
-            fill_time = self.end_times_hour[-1]
-        if stat.frequency == CountStat.DAY:
-            insert_time = self.end_times_day[2]
-            fill_time = self.end_times_day[-1]
-
-        RealmCount.objects.bulk_create(
-            RealmCount(
-                property=stat.property,
-                subgroup=subgroup,
-                end_time=insert_time,
-                value=100 + i,
-                realm=self.realm,
-            )
-            for i, subgroup in enumerate(realm_subgroups)
-        )
-        UserCount.objects.bulk_create(
-            UserCount(
-                property=stat.property,
-                subgroup=subgroup,
-                end_time=insert_time,
-                value=200 + i,
-                realm=self.realm,
-                user=self.user,
-            )
-            for i, subgroup in enumerate(user_subgroups)
-        )
-        StreamCount.objects.bulk_create(
-            StreamCount(
-                property=stat.property,
-                subgroup=subgroup,
-                end_time=insert_time,
-                value=100 + i,
-                stream_id=self.stream_id,
-                realm=self.realm,
-            )
-            for i, subgroup in enumerate(realm_subgroups)
-        )
-        FillState.objects.create(property=stat.property, end_time=fill_time, state=FillState.DONE)
-
-    def test_number_of_humans(self) -> None:
-        stat = COUNT_STATS["realm_active_humans::day"]
-        self.insert_data(stat, [None], [])
-        stat = COUNT_STATS["1day_actives::day"]
-        self.insert_data(stat, [None], [])
-        stat = COUNT_STATS["active_users_audit:is_bot:day"]
-        self.insert_data(stat, ["false"], [])
-        result = self.client_get("/json/analytics/chart_data", {"chart_name": "number_of_humans"})
-        data = self.assert_json_success(result)
-        self.assertEqual(
-            data,
-            {
-                "msg": "",
-                "end_times": [datetime_to_timestamp(dt) for dt in self.end_times_day],
-                "frequency": CountStat.DAY,
-                "everyone": {
-                    "_1day": self.data(100),
-                    "_15day": self.data(100),
-                    "all_time": self.data(100),
-                },
-                "display_order": None,
-                "result": "success",
-            },
-        )
-
-    def test_messages_sent_over_time(self) -> None:
-        stat = COUNT_STATS["messages_sent:is_bot:hour"]
-        self.insert_data(stat, ["true", "false"], ["false"])
-        result = self.client_get(
-            "/json/analytics/chart_data", {"chart_name": "messages_sent_over_time"}
-        )
-        data = self.assert_json_success(result)
-        self.assertEqual(
-            data,
-            {
-                "msg": "",
-                "end_times": [datetime_to_timestamp(dt) for dt in self.end_times_hour],
-                "frequency": CountStat.HOUR,
-                "everyone": {"bot": self.data(100), "human": self.data(101)},
-                "user": {"bot": self.data(0), "human": self.data(200)},
-                "display_order": None,
-                "result": "success",
-            },
-        )
-
-    def test_messages_sent_by_message_type(self) -> None:
-        stat = COUNT_STATS["messages_sent:message_type:day"]
-        self.insert_data(
-            stat, ["public_stream", "private_message"], ["public_stream", "private_stream"]
-        )
-        result = self.client_get(
-            "/json/analytics/chart_data", {"chart_name": "messages_sent_by_message_type"}
-        )
-        data = self.assert_json_success(result)
-        self.assertEqual(
-            data,
-            {
-                "msg": "",
-                "end_times": [datetime_to_timestamp(dt) for dt in self.end_times_day],
-                "frequency": CountStat.DAY,
-                "everyone": {
-                    "Public channels": self.data(100),
-                    "Private channels": self.data(0),
-                    "Direct messages": self.data(101),
-                    "Group direct messages": self.data(0),
-                },
-                "user": {
-                    "Public channels": self.data(200),
-                    "Private channels": self.data(201),
-                    "Direct messages": self.data(0),
-                    "Group direct messages": self.data(0),
-                },
-                "display_order": [
-                    "Direct messages",
-                    "Public channels",
-                    "Private channels",
-                    "Group direct messages",
-                ],
-                "result": "success",
-            },
-        )
-
-    def test_messages_sent_by_client(self) -> None:
-        stat = COUNT_STATS["messages_sent:client:day"]
-        client1 = Client.objects.create(name="client 1")
-        client2 = Client.objects.create(name="client 2")
-        client3 = Client.objects.create(name="client 3")
-        client4 = Client.objects.create(name="client 4")
-        self.insert_data(
-            stat,
-            [str(client4.id), str(client3.id), str(client2.id)],
-            [str(client3.id), str(client1.id)],
-        )
-        result = self.client_get(
-            "/json/analytics/chart_data", {"chart_name": "messages_sent_by_client"}
-        )
-        data = self.assert_json_success(result)
-        self.assertEqual(
-            data,
-            {
-                "msg": "",
-                "end_times": [datetime_to_timestamp(dt) for dt in self.end_times_day],
-                "frequency": CountStat.DAY,
-                "everyone": {
-                    "client 4": self.data(100),
-                    "client 3": self.data(101),
-                    "client 2": self.data(102),
-                },
-                "user": {"client 3": self.data(200), "client 1": self.data(201)},
-                "display_order": ["client 1", "client 2", "client 3", "client 4"],
-                "result": "success",
-            },
-        )
-
-    def test_messages_read_over_time(self) -> None:
-        stat = COUNT_STATS["messages_read::hour"]
-        self.insert_data(stat, [None], [])
-        result = self.client_get(
-            "/json/analytics/chart_data", {"chart_name": "messages_read_over_time"}
-        )
-        data = self.assert_json_success(result)
-        self.assertEqual(
-            data,
-            {
-                "msg": "",
-                "end_times": [datetime_to_timestamp(dt) for dt in self.end_times_hour],
-                "frequency": CountStat.HOUR,
-                "everyone": {"read": self.data(100)},
-                "user": {"read": self.data(0)},
-                "display_order": None,
-                "result": "success",
-            },
-        )
-
-    def test_messages_sent_by_stream(self) -> None:
-        stat = COUNT_STATS["messages_in_stream:is_bot:day"]
-        self.insert_data(stat, ["true", "false"], [])
-
-        result = self.client_get(
-            f"/json/analytics/chart_data/stream/{self.stream_id}",
-            {
-                "chart_name": "messages_sent_by_stream",
-            },
-        )
-        data = self.assert_json_success(result)
-        self.assertEqual(
-            data,
-            {
-                "msg": "",
-                "end_times": [datetime_to_timestamp(dt) for dt in self.end_times_day],
-                "frequency": CountStat.DAY,
-                "everyone": {"bot": self.data(100), "human": self.data(101)},
-                "display_order": None,
-                "result": "success",
-            },
-        )
-
-        result = self.api_get(
-            self.example_user("polonius"),
-            f"/api/v1/analytics/chart_data/stream/{self.stream_id}",
-            {
-                "chart_name": "messages_sent_by_stream",
-            },
-        )
-        self.assert_json_error(result, "Not allowed for guest users")
-
-        # Verify we correctly forbid access to stats of streams in other realms.
-        result = self.api_get(
-            self.mit_user("sipbtest"),
-            f"/api/v1/analytics/chart_data/stream/{self.stream_id}",
-            {
-                "chart_name": "messages_sent_by_stream",
-            },
-            subdomain="zephyr",
-        )
-        self.assert_json_error(result, "Invalid channel ID")
-
-    def test_include_empty_subgroups(self) -> None:
-        FillState.objects.create(
-            property="realm_active_humans::day",
-            end_time=self.end_times_day[0],
-            state=FillState.DONE,
-        )
-        result = self.client_get("/json/analytics/chart_data", {"chart_name": "number_of_humans"})
-        data = self.assert_json_success(result)
-        self.assertEqual(data["everyone"], {"_1day": [0], "_15day": [0], "all_time": [0]})
-        self.assertFalse("user" in data)
-
-        FillState.objects.create(
-            property="messages_sent:is_bot:hour",
-            end_time=self.end_times_hour[0],
-            state=FillState.DONE,
-        )
-        result = self.client_get(
-            "/json/analytics/chart_data", {"chart_name": "messages_sent_over_time"}
-        )
-        data = self.assert_json_success(result)
-        self.assertEqual(data["everyone"], {"human": [0], "bot": [0]})
-        self.assertEqual(data["user"], {"human": [0], "bot": [0]})
-
-        FillState.objects.create(
-            property="messages_sent:message_type:day",
-            end_time=self.end_times_day[0],
-            state=FillState.DONE,
-        )
-        result = self.client_get(
-            "/json/analytics/chart_data", {"chart_name": "messages_sent_by_message_type"}
-        )
-        data = self.assert_json_success(result)
-        self.assertEqual(
-            data["everyone"],
-            {
-                "Public channels": [0],
-                "Private channels": [0],
-                "Direct messages": [0],
-                "Group direct messages": [0],
-            },
-        )
-        self.assertEqual(
-            data["user"],
-            {
-                "Public channels": [0],
-                "Private channels": [0],
-                "Direct messages": [0],
-                "Group direct messages": [0],
-            },
-        )
-
-        FillState.objects.create(
-            property="messages_sent:client:day",
-            end_time=self.end_times_day[0],
-            state=FillState.DONE,
-        )
-        result = self.client_get(
-            "/json/analytics/chart_data", {"chart_name": "messages_sent_by_client"}
-        )
-        data = self.assert_json_success(result)
-        self.assertEqual(data["everyone"], {})
-        self.assertEqual(data["user"], {})
-
-    def test_start_and_end(self) -> None:
-        stat = COUNT_STATS["realm_active_humans::day"]
-        self.insert_data(stat, [None], [])
-        stat = COUNT_STATS["1day_actives::day"]
-        self.insert_data(stat, [None], [])
-        stat = COUNT_STATS["active_users_audit:is_bot:day"]
-        self.insert_data(stat, ["false"], [])
-        end_time_timestamps = [datetime_to_timestamp(dt) for dt in self.end_times_day]
-
-        # valid start and end
-        result = self.client_get(
-            "/json/analytics/chart_data",
-            {
-                "chart_name": "number_of_humans",
-                "start": end_time_timestamps[1],
-                "end": end_time_timestamps[2],
-            },
-        )
-        data = self.assert_json_success(result)
-        self.assertEqual(data["end_times"], end_time_timestamps[1:3])
-        self.assertEqual(
-            data["everyone"], {"_1day": [0, 100], "_15day": [0, 100], "all_time": [0, 100]}
-        )
-
-        # start later then end
-        result = self.client_get(
-            "/json/analytics/chart_data",
-            {
-                "chart_name": "number_of_humans",
-                "start": end_time_timestamps[2],
-                "end": end_time_timestamps[1],
-            },
-        )
-        self.assert_json_error_contains(result, "Start time is later than")
-
-    def test_min_length(self) -> None:
-        stat = COUNT_STATS["realm_active_humans::day"]
-        self.insert_data(stat, [None], [])
-        stat = COUNT_STATS["1day_actives::day"]
-        self.insert_data(stat, [None], [])
-        stat = COUNT_STATS["active_users_audit:is_bot:day"]
-        self.insert_data(stat, ["false"], [])
-        # test min_length is too short to change anything
-        result = self.client_get(
-            "/json/analytics/chart_data", {"chart_name": "number_of_humans", "min_length": 2}
-        )
-        data = self.assert_json_success(result)
-        self.assertEqual(
-            data["end_times"], [datetime_to_timestamp(dt) for dt in self.end_times_day]
-        )
-        self.assertEqual(
-            data["everyone"],
-            {"_1day": self.data(100), "_15day": self.data(100), "all_time": self.data(100)},
-        )
-        # test min_length larger than filled data
-        result = self.client_get(
-            "/json/analytics/chart_data", {"chart_name": "number_of_humans", "min_length": 5}
-        )
-        data = self.assert_json_success(result)
-        end_times = [
-            ceiling_to_day(self.realm.date_created) + timedelta(days=i) for i in range(-1, 4)
-        ]
-        self.assertEqual(data["end_times"], [datetime_to_timestamp(dt) for dt in end_times])
-        self.assertEqual(
-            data["everyone"],
-            {
-                "_1day": [0, *self.data(100)],
-                "_15day": [0, *self.data(100)],
-                "all_time": [0, *self.data(100)],
-            },
-        )
-
-    def test_non_existent_chart(self) -> None:
-        result = self.client_get("/json/analytics/chart_data", {"chart_name": "does_not_exist"})
-        self.assert_json_error_contains(result, "Unknown chart name")
-
-    def test_analytics_not_running(self) -> None:
-        realm = get_realm("zulip")
-
-        self.assertEqual(FillState.objects.count(), 0)
-
-        realm.date_created = timezone_now() - timedelta(days=3)
-        realm.save(update_fields=["date_created"])
-        with self.assertLogs(level="WARNING") as m:
-            result = self.client_get(
-                "/json/analytics/chart_data", {"chart_name": "messages_sent_over_time"}
-            )
-            self.assertEqual(
-                m.output,
-                [
-                    f"WARNING:root:User from realm zulip attempted to access /stats, but the computed start time: {realm.date_created} (creation of realm or installation) is later than the computed end time: 0001-01-01 00:00:00+00:00 (last successful analytics update). Is the analytics cron job running?"
-                ],
-            )
-
-        self.assert_json_error_contains(result, "No analytics data available")
-
-        realm.date_created = timezone_now() - timedelta(days=1, hours=2)
-        realm.save(update_fields=["date_created"])
-        with self.assertLogs(level="WARNING") as m:
-            result = self.client_get(
-                "/json/analytics/chart_data", {"chart_name": "messages_sent_over_time"}
-            )
-            self.assertEqual(
-                m.output,
-                [
-                    f"WARNING:root:User from realm zulip attempted to access /stats, but the computed start time: {realm.date_created} (creation of realm or installation) is later than the computed end time: 0001-01-01 00:00:00+00:00 (last successful analytics update). Is the analytics cron job running?"
-                ],
-            )
-
-        self.assert_json_error_contains(result, "No analytics data available")
-
-        realm.date_created = timezone_now() - timedelta(days=1, minutes=10)
-        realm.save(update_fields=["date_created"])
-        result = self.client_get(
-            "/json/analytics/chart_data", {"chart_name": "messages_sent_over_time"}
-        )
-        self.assert_json_success(result)
-
-        realm.date_created = timezone_now() - timedelta(hours=10)
-        realm.save(update_fields=["date_created"])
-        result = self.client_get(
-            "/json/analytics/chart_data", {"chart_name": "messages_sent_over_time"}
-        )
-        self.assert_json_success(result)
-
-        end_time = timezone_now() - timedelta(days=5)
-        fill_state = FillState.objects.create(
-            property="messages_sent:is_bot:hour", end_time=end_time, state=FillState.DONE
-        )
-
-        realm.date_created = timezone_now() - timedelta(days=3)
-        realm.save(update_fields=["date_created"])
-        with self.assertLogs(level="WARNING") as m:
-            result = self.client_get(
-                "/json/analytics/chart_data", {"chart_name": "messages_sent_over_time"}
-            )
-            self.assertEqual(
-                m.output,
-                [
-                    f"WARNING:root:User from realm zulip attempted to access /stats, but the computed start time: {realm.date_created} (creation of realm or installation) is later than the computed end time: {end_time} (last successful analytics update). Is the analytics cron job running?"
-                ],
-            )
-
-        self.assert_json_error_contains(result, "No analytics data available")
-
-        realm.date_created = timezone_now() - timedelta(days=1, minutes=10)
-        realm.save(update_fields=["date_created"])
-        result = self.client_get(
-            "/json/analytics/chart_data", {"chart_name": "messages_sent_over_time"}
-        )
-        self.assert_json_success(result)
-
-        end_time = timezone_now() - timedelta(days=2)
-        fill_state.end_time = end_time
-        fill_state.save(update_fields=["end_time"])
-
-        realm.date_created = timezone_now() - timedelta(days=3)
-        realm.save(update_fields=["date_created"])
-        result = self.client_get(
-            "/json/analytics/chart_data", {"chart_name": "messages_sent_over_time"}
-        )
-        self.assert_json_success(result)
-
-        realm.date_created = timezone_now() - timedelta(days=1, hours=2)
-        realm.save(update_fields=["date_created"])
-        with self.assertLogs(level="WARNING") as m:
-            result = self.client_get(
-                "/json/analytics/chart_data", {"chart_name": "messages_sent_over_time"}
-            )
-            self.assertEqual(
-                m.output,
-                [
-                    f"WARNING:root:User from realm zulip attempted to access /stats, but the computed start time: {realm.date_created} (creation of realm or installation) is later than the computed end time: {end_time} (last successful analytics update). Is the analytics cron job running?"
-                ],
-            )
-
-        self.assert_json_error_contains(result, "No analytics data available")
-
-        realm.date_created = timezone_now() - timedelta(days=1, minutes=10)
-        realm.save(update_fields=["date_created"])
-        result = self.client_get(
-            "/json/analytics/chart_data", {"chart_name": "messages_sent_over_time"}
-        )
-        self.assert_json_success(result)
-
-    def test_get_chart_data_for_realm(self) -> None:
-        user = self.example_user("hamlet")
-        self.login_user(user)
-
-        result = self.client_get(
-            "/json/analytics/chart_data/realm/zulip", {"chart_name": "number_of_humans"}
-        )
-        self.assert_json_error(result, "Must be an server administrator", 400)
-
-        user = self.example_user("hamlet")
-        user.is_staff = True
-        user.save(update_fields=["is_staff"])
-        stat = COUNT_STATS["realm_active_humans::day"]
-        self.insert_data(stat, [None], [])
-
-        result = self.client_get(
-            "/json/analytics/chart_data/realm/not_existing_realm",
-            {"chart_name": "number_of_humans"},
-        )
-        self.assert_json_error(result, "Invalid organization", 400)
-
-        result = self.client_get(
-            "/json/analytics/chart_data/realm/zulip", {"chart_name": "number_of_humans"}
-        )
-        self.assert_json_success(result)
-
-    def test_get_chart_data_for_installation(self) -> None:
-        user = self.example_user("hamlet")
-        self.login_user(user)
-
-        result = self.client_get(
-            "/json/analytics/chart_data/installation", {"chart_name": "number_of_humans"}
-        )
-        self.assert_json_error(result, "Must be an server administrator", 400)
-
-        user = self.example_user("hamlet")
-        user.is_staff = True
-        user.save(update_fields=["is_staff"])
-        stat = COUNT_STATS["realm_active_humans::day"]
-        self.insert_data(stat, [None], [])
-
-        result = self.client_get(
-            "/json/analytics/chart_data/installation", {"chart_name": "number_of_humans"}
-        )
-        self.assert_json_success(result)
-
-
-class TestGetChartDataHelpers(ZulipTestCase):
-    def test_sort_by_totals(self) -> None:
-        empty: list[int] = []
-        value_arrays = {"c": [0, 1], "a": [9], "b": [1, 1, 1], "d": empty}
-        self.assertEqual(sort_by_totals(value_arrays), ["a", "b", "c", "d"])
-
-    def test_sort_client_labels(self) -> None:
-        data = {
-            "everyone": {"a": [16], "c": [15], "b": [14], "e": [13], "d": [12], "h": [11]},
-            "user": {"a": [6], "b": [5], "d": [4], "e": [3], "f": [2], "g": [1]},
-        }
-        self.assertEqual(sort_client_labels(data), ["a", "b", "c", "d", "e", "f", "g", "h"])
-
-
-class TestTimeRange(ZulipTestCase):
-    def test_time_range(self) -> None:
-        HOUR = timedelta(hours=1)
-        DAY = timedelta(days=1)
-
-        a_time = datetime(2016, 3, 14, 22, 59, tzinfo=timezone.utc)
-        floor_hour = datetime(2016, 3, 14, 22, tzinfo=timezone.utc)
-        floor_day = datetime(2016, 3, 14, tzinfo=timezone.utc)
-
-        # test start == end
-        self.assertEqual(time_range(a_time, a_time, CountStat.HOUR, None), [])
-        self.assertEqual(time_range(a_time, a_time, CountStat.DAY, None), [])
-        # test start == end == boundary, and min_length == 0
-        self.assertEqual(time_range(floor_hour, floor_hour, CountStat.HOUR, 0), [floor_hour])
-        self.assertEqual(time_range(floor_day, floor_day, CountStat.DAY, 0), [floor_day])
-        # test start and end on different boundaries
-        self.assertEqual(
-            time_range(floor_hour, floor_hour + HOUR, CountStat.HOUR, None),
-            [floor_hour, floor_hour + HOUR],
-        )
-        self.assertEqual(
-            time_range(floor_day, floor_day + DAY, CountStat.DAY, None),
-            [floor_day, floor_day + DAY],
-        )
-        # test min_length
-        self.assertEqual(
-            time_range(floor_hour, floor_hour + HOUR, CountStat.HOUR, 4),
-            [floor_hour - 2 * HOUR, floor_hour - HOUR, floor_hour, floor_hour + HOUR],
-        )
-        self.assertEqual(
-            time_range(floor_day, floor_day + DAY, CountStat.DAY, 4),
-            [floor_day - 2 * DAY, floor_day - DAY, floor_day, floor_day + DAY],
-        )
-
-
-class TestMapArrays(ZulipTestCase):
-    def test_map_arrays(self) -> None:
-        a = {
-            "desktop app 1.0": [1, 2, 3],
-            "desktop app 2.0": [10, 12, 13],
-            "desktop app 3.0": [21, 22, 23],
-            "website": [1, 2, 3],
-            "ZulipiOS": [1, 2, 3],
-            "ZulipElectron": [2, 5, 7],
-            "ZulipMobile": [1, 2, 3],
-            "ZulipMobile/flutter": [1, 1, 1],
-            "ZulipFlutter": [1, 1, 1],
-            "ZulipPython": [1, 2, 3],
-            "API: Python": [1, 2, 3],
-            "SomethingRandom": [4, 5, 6],
-            "ZulipGitHubWebhook": [7, 7, 9],
-            "ZulipAndroid": [64, 63, 65],
-            "ZulipTerminal": [9, 10, 11],
-        }
-        result = rewrite_client_arrays(a)
-        self.assertEqual(
-            result,
-            {
-                "Old desktop app": [32, 36, 39],
-                "Old iOS app": [1, 2, 3],
-                "Desktop app": [2, 5, 7],
-                "Mobile app (React Native)": [1, 2, 3],
-                "Mobile app beta (Flutter)": [2, 2, 2],
-                "Web app": [1, 2, 3],
-                "Python API": [2, 4, 6],
-                "SomethingRandom": [4, 5, 6],
-                "GitHub webhook": [7, 7, 9],
-                "Old Android app": [64, 63, 65],
-                "Terminal app": [9, 10, 11],
-            },
-        )
--- a/analytics/tests/test_views.py
+++ b/analytics/tests/test_views.py
@@ -0,0 +1,618 @@
+from datetime import datetime, timedelta
+from typing import List, Optional
+
+import mock
+from django.utils.timezone import utc
+from django.http import HttpResponse
+import ujson
+
+from analytics.lib.counts import COUNT_STATS, CountStat
+from analytics.lib.time_utils import time_range
+from analytics.models import FillState, \
+    RealmCount, UserCount, last_successful_fill
+from analytics.views import rewrite_client_arrays, \
+    sort_by_totals, sort_client_labels
+from zerver.lib.test_classes import ZulipTestCase
+from zerver.lib.timestamp import ceiling_to_day, \
+    ceiling_to_hour, datetime_to_timestamp
+from zerver.lib.actions import do_create_multiuse_invite_link, \
+    do_send_realm_reactivation_email
+from zerver.models import Client, get_realm, MultiuseInvite
+
+class TestStatsEndpoint(ZulipTestCase):
+    def test_stats(self) -> None:
+        self.user = self.example_user('hamlet')
+        self.login(self.user.email)
+        result = self.client_get('/stats')
+        self.assertEqual(result.status_code, 200)
+        # Check that we get something back
+        self.assert_in_response("Zulip analytics for", result)
+
+    def test_guest_user_cant_access_stats(self) -> None:
+        self.user = self.example_user('polonius')
+        self.login(self.user.email)
+        result = self.client_get('/stats')
+        self.assert_json_error(result, "Not allowed for guest users", 400)
+
+        result = self.client_get('/json/analytics/chart_data')
+        self.assert_json_error(result, "Not allowed for guest users", 400)
+
+    def test_stats_for_realm(self) -> None:
+        user_profile = self.example_user('hamlet')
+        self.login(user_profile.email)
+
+        result = self.client_get('/stats/realm/zulip/')
+        self.assertEqual(result.status_code, 302)
+
+        user_profile = self.example_user('hamlet')
+        user_profile.is_staff = True
+        user_profile.save(update_fields=['is_staff'])
+
+        result = self.client_get('/stats/realm/not_existing_realm/')
+        self.assertEqual(result.status_code, 302)
+
+        result = self.client_get('/stats/realm/zulip/')
+        self.assertEqual(result.status_code, 200)
+        self.assert_in_response("Zulip analytics for", result)
+
+    def test_stats_for_installation(self) -> None:
+        user_profile = self.example_user('hamlet')
+        self.login(user_profile.email)
+
+        result = self.client_get('/stats/installation')
+        self.assertEqual(result.status_code, 302)
+
+        user_profile = self.example_user('hamlet')
+        user_profile.is_staff = True
+        user_profile.save(update_fields=['is_staff'])
+
+        result = self.client_get('/stats/installation')
+        self.assertEqual(result.status_code, 200)
+        self.assert_in_response("Zulip analytics for", result)
+
+class TestGetChartData(ZulipTestCase):
+    def setUp(self) -> None:
+        super().setUp()
+        self.realm = get_realm('zulip')
+        self.user = self.example_user('hamlet')
+        self.login(self.user.email)
+        self.end_times_hour = [ceiling_to_hour(self.realm.date_created) + timedelta(hours=i)
+                               for i in range(4)]
+        self.end_times_day = [ceiling_to_day(self.realm.date_created) + timedelta(days=i)
+                              for i in range(4)]
+
+    def data(self, i: int) -> List[int]:
+        return [0, 0, i, 0]
+
+    def insert_data(self, stat: CountStat, realm_subgroups: List[Optional[str]],
+                    user_subgroups: List[str]) -> None:
+        if stat.frequency == CountStat.HOUR:
+            insert_time = self.end_times_hour[2]
+            fill_time = self.end_times_hour[-1]
+        if stat.frequency == CountStat.DAY:
+            insert_time = self.end_times_day[2]
+            fill_time = self.end_times_day[-1]
+
+        RealmCount.objects.bulk_create([
+            RealmCount(property=stat.property, subgroup=subgroup, end_time=insert_time,
+                       value=100+i, realm=self.realm)
+            for i, subgroup in enumerate(realm_subgroups)])
+        UserCount.objects.bulk_create([
+            UserCount(property=stat.property, subgroup=subgroup, end_time=insert_time,
+                      value=200+i, realm=self.realm, user=self.user)
+            for i, subgroup in enumerate(user_subgroups)])
+        FillState.objects.create(property=stat.property, end_time=fill_time, state=FillState.DONE)
+
+    def test_number_of_humans(self) -> None:
+        stat = COUNT_STATS['realm_active_humans::day']
+        self.insert_data(stat, [None], [])
+        stat = COUNT_STATS['1day_actives::day']
+        self.insert_data(stat, [None], [])
+        stat = COUNT_STATS['active_users_audit:is_bot:day']
+        self.insert_data(stat, ['false'], [])
+        result = self.client_get('/json/analytics/chart_data',
+                                 {'chart_name': 'number_of_humans'})
+        self.assert_json_success(result)
+        data = result.json()
+        self.assertEqual(data, {
+            'msg': '',
+            'end_times': [datetime_to_timestamp(dt) for dt in self.end_times_day],
+            'frequency': CountStat.DAY,
+            'everyone': {'_1day': self.data(100), '_15day': self.data(100), 'all_time': self.data(100)},
+            'display_order': None,
+            'result': 'success',
+        })
+
+    def test_messages_sent_over_time(self) -> None:
+        stat = COUNT_STATS['messages_sent:is_bot:hour']
+        self.insert_data(stat, ['true', 'false'], ['false'])
+        result = self.client_get('/json/analytics/chart_data',
+                                 {'chart_name': 'messages_sent_over_time'})
+        self.assert_json_success(result)
+        data = result.json()
+        self.assertEqual(data, {
+            'msg': '',
+            'end_times': [datetime_to_timestamp(dt) for dt in self.end_times_hour],
+            'frequency': CountStat.HOUR,
+            'everyone': {'bot': self.data(100), 'human': self.data(101)},
+            'user': {'bot': self.data(0), 'human': self.data(200)},
+            'display_order': None,
+            'result': 'success',
+        })
+
+    def test_messages_sent_by_message_type(self) -> None:
+        stat = COUNT_STATS['messages_sent:message_type:day']
+        self.insert_data(stat, ['public_stream', 'private_message'],
+                         ['public_stream', 'private_stream'])
+        result = self.client_get('/json/analytics/chart_data',
+                                 {'chart_name': 'messages_sent_by_message_type'})
+        self.assert_json_success(result)
+        data = result.json()
+        self.assertEqual(data, {
+            'msg': '',
+            'end_times': [datetime_to_timestamp(dt) for dt in self.end_times_day],
+            'frequency': CountStat.DAY,
+            'everyone': {'Public streams': self.data(100), 'Private streams': self.data(0),
+                         'Private messages': self.data(101), 'Group private messages': self.data(0)},
+            'user': {'Public streams': self.data(200), 'Private streams': self.data(201),
+                     'Private messages': self.data(0), 'Group private messages': self.data(0)},
+            'display_order': ['Private messages', 'Public streams', 'Private streams', 'Group private messages'],
+            'result': 'success',
+        })
+
+    def test_messages_sent_by_client(self) -> None:
+        stat = COUNT_STATS['messages_sent:client:day']
+        client1 = Client.objects.create(name='client 1')
+        client2 = Client.objects.create(name='client 2')
+        client3 = Client.objects.create(name='client 3')
+        client4 = Client.objects.create(name='client 4')
+        self.insert_data(stat, [client4.id, client3.id, client2.id],
+                         [client3.id, client1.id])
+        result = self.client_get('/json/analytics/chart_data',
+                                 {'chart_name': 'messages_sent_by_client'})
+        self.assert_json_success(result)
+        data = result.json()
+        self.assertEqual(data, {
+            'msg': '',
+            'end_times': [datetime_to_timestamp(dt) for dt in self.end_times_day],
+            'frequency': CountStat.DAY,
+            'everyone': {'client 4': self.data(100), 'client 3': self.data(101),
+                         'client 2': self.data(102)},
+            'user': {'client 3': self.data(200), 'client 1': self.data(201)},
+            'display_order': ['client 1', 'client 2', 'client 3', 'client 4'],
+            'result': 'success',
+        })
+
+    def test_include_empty_subgroups(self) -> None:
+        FillState.objects.create(
+            property='realm_active_humans::day', end_time=self.end_times_day[0],
+            state=FillState.DONE)
+        result = self.client_get('/json/analytics/chart_data',
+                                 {'chart_name': 'number_of_humans'})
+        self.assert_json_success(result)
+        data = result.json()
+        self.assertEqual(data['everyone'], {"_1day": [0], "_15day": [0], "all_time": [0]})
+        self.assertFalse('user' in data)
+
+        FillState.objects.create(
+            property='messages_sent:is_bot:hour', end_time=self.end_times_hour[0],
+            state=FillState.DONE)
+        result = self.client_get('/json/analytics/chart_data',
+                                 {'chart_name': 'messages_sent_over_time'})
+        self.assert_json_success(result)
+        data = result.json()
+        self.assertEqual(data['everyone'], {'human': [0], 'bot': [0]})
+        self.assertEqual(data['user'], {'human': [0], 'bot': [0]})
+
+        FillState.objects.create(
+            property='messages_sent:message_type:day', end_time=self.end_times_day[0],
+            state=FillState.DONE)
+        result = self.client_get('/json/analytics/chart_data',
+                                 {'chart_name': 'messages_sent_by_message_type'})
+        self.assert_json_success(result)
+        data = result.json()
+        self.assertEqual(data['everyone'], {
+            'Public streams': [0], 'Private streams': [0],
+            'Private messages': [0], 'Group private messages': [0]})
+        self.assertEqual(data['user'], {
+            'Public streams': [0], 'Private streams': [0],
+            'Private messages': [0], 'Group private messages': [0]})
+
+        FillState.objects.create(
+            property='messages_sent:client:day', end_time=self.end_times_day[0],
+            state=FillState.DONE)
+        result = self.client_get('/json/analytics/chart_data',
+                                 {'chart_name': 'messages_sent_by_client'})
+        self.assert_json_success(result)
+        data = result.json()
+        self.assertEqual(data['everyone'], {})
+        self.assertEqual(data['user'], {})
+
+    def test_start_and_end(self) -> None:
+        stat = COUNT_STATS['realm_active_humans::day']
+        self.insert_data(stat, [None], [])
+        stat = COUNT_STATS['1day_actives::day']
+        self.insert_data(stat, [None], [])
+        stat = COUNT_STATS['active_users_audit:is_bot:day']
+        self.insert_data(stat, ['false'], [])
+        end_time_timestamps = [datetime_to_timestamp(dt) for dt in self.end_times_day]
+
+        # valid start and end
+        result = self.client_get('/json/analytics/chart_data',
+                                 {'chart_name': 'number_of_humans',
+                                  'start': end_time_timestamps[1],
+                                  'end': end_time_timestamps[2]})
+        self.assert_json_success(result)
+        data = result.json()
+        self.assertEqual(data['end_times'], end_time_timestamps[1:3])
+        self.assertEqual(data['everyone'], {'_1day': [0, 100], '_15day': [0, 100], 'all_time': [0, 100]})
+
+        # start later then end
+        result = self.client_get('/json/analytics/chart_data',
+                                 {'chart_name': 'number_of_humans',
+                                  'start': end_time_timestamps[2],
+                                  'end': end_time_timestamps[1]})
+        self.assert_json_error_contains(result, 'Start time is later than')
+
+    def test_min_length(self) -> None:
+        stat = COUNT_STATS['realm_active_humans::day']
+        self.insert_data(stat, [None], [])
+        stat = COUNT_STATS['1day_actives::day']
+        self.insert_data(stat, [None], [])
+        stat = COUNT_STATS['active_users_audit:is_bot:day']
+        self.insert_data(stat, ['false'], [])
+        # test min_length is too short to change anything
+        result = self.client_get('/json/analytics/chart_data',
+                                 {'chart_name': 'number_of_humans',
+                                  'min_length': 2})
+        self.assert_json_success(result)
+        data = result.json()
+        self.assertEqual(data['end_times'], [datetime_to_timestamp(dt) for dt in self.end_times_day])
+        self.assertEqual(data['everyone'], {'_1day': self.data(100), '_15day': self.data(100), 'all_time': self.data(100)})
+        # test min_length larger than filled data
+        result = self.client_get('/json/analytics/chart_data',
+                                 {'chart_name': 'number_of_humans',
+                                  'min_length': 5})
+        self.assert_json_success(result)
+        data = result.json()
+        end_times = [ceiling_to_day(self.realm.date_created) + timedelta(days=i) for i in range(-1, 4)]
+        self.assertEqual(data['end_times'], [datetime_to_timestamp(dt) for dt in end_times])
+        self.assertEqual(data['everyone'], {'_1day': [0]+self.data(100), '_15day': [0]+self.data(100), 'all_time': [0]+self.data(100)})
+
+    def test_non_existent_chart(self) -> None:
+        result = self.client_get('/json/analytics/chart_data',
+                                 {'chart_name': 'does_not_exist'})
+        self.assert_json_error_contains(result, 'Unknown chart name')
+
+    def test_analytics_not_running(self) -> None:
+        # try to get data for a valid chart, but before we've put anything in the database
+        # (e.g. before update_analytics_counts has been run)
+        with mock.patch('logging.warning'):
+            result = self.client_get('/json/analytics/chart_data',
+                                     {'chart_name': 'number_of_humans'})
+        self.assert_json_error_contains(result, 'No analytics data available')
+
+    def test_get_chart_data_for_realm(self) -> None:
+        user_profile = self.example_user('hamlet')
+        self.login(user_profile.email)
+
+        result = self.client_get('/json/analytics/chart_data/realm/zulip/',
+                                 {'chart_name': 'number_of_humans'})
+        self.assert_json_error(result, "Must be an server administrator", 400)
+
+        user_profile = self.example_user('hamlet')
+        user_profile.is_staff = True
+        user_profile.save(update_fields=['is_staff'])
+        stat = COUNT_STATS['realm_active_humans::day']
+        self.insert_data(stat, [None], [])
+
+        result = self.client_get('/json/analytics/chart_data/realm/not_existing_realm',
+                                 {'chart_name': 'number_of_humans'})
+        self.assert_json_error(result, 'Invalid organization', 400)
+
+        result = self.client_get('/json/analytics/chart_data/realm/zulip',
+                                 {'chart_name': 'number_of_humans'})
+        self.assert_json_success(result)
+
+    def test_get_chart_data_for_installation(self) -> None:
+        user_profile = self.example_user('hamlet')
+        self.login(user_profile.email)
+
+        result = self.client_get('/json/analytics/chart_data/installation',
+                                 {'chart_name': 'number_of_humans'})
+        self.assert_json_error(result, "Must be an server administrator", 400)
+
+        user_profile = self.example_user('hamlet')
+        user_profile.is_staff = True
+        user_profile.save(update_fields=['is_staff'])
+        stat = COUNT_STATS['realm_active_humans::day']
+        self.insert_data(stat, [None], [])
+
+        result = self.client_get('/json/analytics/chart_data/installation',
+                                 {'chart_name': 'number_of_humans'})
+        self.assert_json_success(result)
+
+class TestSupportEndpoint(ZulipTestCase):
+    def test_search(self) -> None:
+        def check_hamlet_user_query_result(result: HttpResponse) -> None:
+            self.assert_in_success_response(['<span class="label">user</span>\n', '<h3>King Hamlet</h3>',
+                                             '<b>Email</b>: hamlet@zulip.com', '<b>Is active</b>: True<br>',
+                                             '<b>Admins</b>: iago@zulip.com\n',
+                                             'class="copy-button" data-copytext="iago@zulip.com"'
+                                             ], result)
+
+        def check_zulip_realm_query_result(result: HttpResponse) -> None:
+            zulip_realm = get_realm("zulip")
+            self.assert_in_success_response(['<input type="hidden" name="realm_id" value="%s"' % (zulip_realm.id,),
+                                             'Zulip Dev</h3>',
+                                             '<option value="1" selected>Self Hosted</option>',
+                                             '<option value="2" >Limited</option>',
+                                             'input type="number" name="discount" value="None"',
+                                             '<option value="active" selected>Active</option>',
+                                             '<option value="deactivated" >Deactivated</option>',
+                                             'scrub-realm-button">',
+                                             'data-string-id="zulip"'], result)
+
+        def check_lear_realm_query_result(result: HttpResponse) -> None:
+            lear_realm = get_realm("lear")
+            self.assert_in_success_response(['<input type="hidden" name="realm_id" value="%s"' % (lear_realm.id,),
+                                             'Lear &amp; Co.</h3>',
+                                             '<option value="1" selected>Self Hosted</option>',
+                                             '<option value="2" >Limited</option>',
+                                             'input type="number" name="discount" value="None"',
+                                             '<option value="active" selected>Active</option>',
+                                             '<option value="deactivated" >Deactivated</option>',
+                                             'scrub-realm-button">',
+                                             'data-string-id="lear"'], result)
+
+        def check_preregistration_user_query_result(result: HttpResponse, email: str, invite: Optional[bool]=False) -> None:
+            self.assert_in_success_response(['<span class="label">preregistration user</span>\n',
+                                             '<b>Email</b>: {}'.format(email),
+                                             ], result)
+            if invite:
+                self.assert_in_success_response(['<span class="label">invite</span>'], result)
+                self.assert_in_success_response(['<b>Expires in</b>: 1\xa0week, 3',
+                                                 '<b>Status</b>: Link has never been clicked'], result)
+                self.assert_in_success_response([], result)
+            else:
+                self.assert_not_in_success_response(['<span class="label">invite</span>'], result)
+                self.assert_in_success_response(['<b>Expires in</b>: 1\xa0day',
+                                                 '<b>Status</b>: Link has never been clicked'], result)
+
+        def check_realm_creation_query_result(result: HttpResponse, email: str) -> None:
+            self.assert_in_success_response(['<span class="label">preregistration user</span>\n',
+                                             '<span class="label">realm creation</span>\n',
+                                             '<b>Link</b>: http://zulip.testserver/accounts/do_confirm/',
+                                             '<b>Expires in</b>: 1\xa0day<br>\n'
+                                             ], result)
+
+        def check_multiuse_invite_link_query_result(result: HttpResponse) -> None:
+            self.assert_in_success_response(['<span class="label">multiuse invite</span>\n',
+                                             '<b>Link</b>: http://zulip.testserver/join/',
+                                             '<b>Expires in</b>: 1\xa0week, 3'
+                                             ], result)
+
+        def check_realm_reactivation_link_query_result(result: HttpResponse) -> None:
+            self.assert_in_success_response(['<span class="label">realm reactivation</span>\n',
+                                             '<b>Link</b>: http://zulip.testserver/reactivate/',
+                                             '<b>Expires in</b>: 1\xa0day'
+                                             ], result)
+
+        cordelia_email = self.example_email("cordelia")
+        self.login(cordelia_email)
+
+        result = self.client_get("/activity/support")
+        self.assertEqual(result.status_code, 302)
+        self.assertEqual(result["Location"], "/login/")
+
+        iago_email = self.example_email("iago")
+        self.login(iago_email)
+
+        result = self.client_get("/activity/support")
+        self.assert_in_success_response(['<input type="text" name="q" class="input-xxlarge search-query"'], result)
+
+        result = self.client_get("/activity/support", {"q": "hamlet@zulip.com"})
+        check_hamlet_user_query_result(result)
+        check_zulip_realm_query_result(result)
+
+        result = self.client_get("/activity/support", {"q": "lear"})
+        check_lear_realm_query_result(result)
+
+        result = self.client_get("/activity/support", {"q": "http://lear.testserver"})
+        check_lear_realm_query_result(result)
+
+        with self.settings(REALM_HOSTS={'zulip': 'localhost'}):
+            result = self.client_get("/activity/support", {"q": "http://localhost"})
+            check_zulip_realm_query_result(result)
+
+        result = self.client_get("/activity/support", {"q": "hamlet@zulip.com, lear"})
+        check_hamlet_user_query_result(result)
+        check_zulip_realm_query_result(result)
+        check_lear_realm_query_result(result)
+
+        result = self.client_get("/activity/support", {"q": "lear, Hamlet <hamlet@zulip.com>"})
+        check_hamlet_user_query_result(result)
+        check_zulip_realm_query_result(result)
+        check_lear_realm_query_result(result)
+
+        self.client_post('/accounts/home/', {'email': self.nonreg_email("test")})
+        self.login(iago_email)
+        result = self.client_get("/activity/support", {"q": self.nonreg_email("test")})
+        check_preregistration_user_query_result(result, self.nonreg_email("test"))
+        check_zulip_realm_query_result(result)
+
+        stream_ids = [self.get_stream_id("Denmark")]
+        invitee_emails = [self.nonreg_email("test1")]
+        self.client_post("/json/invites", {"invitee_emails": invitee_emails,
+                         "stream_ids": ujson.dumps(stream_ids), "invite_as": 1})
+        result = self.client_get("/activity/support", {"q": self.nonreg_email("test1")})
+        check_preregistration_user_query_result(result, self.nonreg_email("test1"), invite=True)
+        check_zulip_realm_query_result(result)
+
+        email = self.nonreg_email('alice')
+        self.client_post('/new/', {'email': email})
+        result = self.client_get("/activity/support", {"q": email})
+        check_realm_creation_query_result(result, email)
+
+        do_create_multiuse_invite_link(self.example_user("hamlet"), invited_as=1)
+        result = self.client_get("/activity/support", {"q": "zulip"})
+        check_multiuse_invite_link_query_result(result)
+        check_zulip_realm_query_result(result)
+        MultiuseInvite.objects.all().delete()
+
+        do_send_realm_reactivation_email(get_realm("zulip"))
+        result = self.client_get("/activity/support", {"q": "zulip"})
+        check_realm_reactivation_link_query_result(result)
+        check_zulip_realm_query_result(result)
+
+    def test_change_plan_type(self) -> None:
+        cordelia = self.example_user("cordelia")
+        self.login(cordelia.email)
+
+        result = self.client_post("/activity/support", {"realm_id": "%s" % (cordelia.realm_id,), "plan_type": "2"})
+        self.assertEqual(result.status_code, 302)
+        self.assertEqual(result["Location"], "/login/")
+
+        iago = self.example_user("iago")
+        self.login(iago.email)
+
+        with mock.patch("analytics.views.do_change_plan_type") as m:
+            result = self.client_post("/activity/support", {"realm_id": "%s" % (iago.realm_id,), "plan_type": "2"})
+            m.assert_called_once_with(get_realm("zulip"), 2)
+            self.assert_in_success_response(["Plan type of Zulip Dev changed from self hosted to limited"], result)
+
+    def test_attach_discount(self) -> None:
+        lear_realm = get_realm("lear")
+        cordelia_email = self.example_email("cordelia")
+        self.login(cordelia_email)
+
+        result = self.client_post("/activity/support", {"realm_id": "%s" % (lear_realm.id,), "discount": "25"})
+        self.assertEqual(result.status_code, 302)
+        self.assertEqual(result["Location"], "/login/")
+
+        iago_email = self.example_email("iago")
+        self.login(iago_email)
+
+        with mock.patch("analytics.views.attach_discount_to_realm") as m:
+            result = self.client_post("/activity/support", {"realm_id": "%s" % (lear_realm.id,), "discount": "25"})
+            m.assert_called_once_with(get_realm("lear"), 25)
+            self.assert_in_success_response(["Discount of Lear &amp; Co. changed to 25 from None"], result)
+
+    def test_activate_or_deactivate_realm(self) -> None:
+        lear_realm = get_realm("lear")
+        cordelia_email = self.example_email("cordelia")
+        self.login(cordelia_email)
+
+        result = self.client_post("/activity/support", {"realm_id": "%s" % (lear_realm.id,), "status": "deactivated"})
+        self.assertEqual(result.status_code, 302)
+        self.assertEqual(result["Location"], "/login/")
+
+        iago_email = self.example_email("iago")
+        self.login(iago_email)
+
+        with mock.patch("analytics.views.do_deactivate_realm") as m:
+            result = self.client_post("/activity/support", {"realm_id": "%s" % (lear_realm.id,), "status": "deactivated"})
+            m.assert_called_once_with(lear_realm, self.example_user("iago"))
+            self.assert_in_success_response(["Lear &amp; Co. deactivated"], result)
+
+        with mock.patch("analytics.views.do_send_realm_reactivation_email") as m:
+            result = self.client_post("/activity/support", {"realm_id": "%s" % (lear_realm.id,), "status": "active"})
+            m.assert_called_once_with(lear_realm)
+            self.assert_in_success_response(["Realm reactivation email sent to admins of Lear"], result)
+
+    def test_scrub_realm(self) -> None:
+        lear_realm = get_realm("lear")
+        cordelia_email = self.example_email("cordelia")
+        self.login(cordelia_email)
+
+        result = self.client_post("/activity/support", {"realm_id": "%s" % (lear_realm.id,), "discount": "25"})
+        self.assertEqual(result.status_code, 302)
+        self.assertEqual(result["Location"], "/login/")
+
+        iago_email = self.example_email("iago")
+        self.login(iago_email)
+
+        with mock.patch("analytics.views.do_scrub_realm") as m:
+            result = self.client_post("/activity/support", {"realm_id": "%s" % (lear_realm.id,), "scrub_realm": "scrub_realm"})
+            m.assert_called_once_with(lear_realm)
+            self.assert_in_success_response(["Lear &amp; Co. scrubbed"], result)
+
+        with mock.patch("analytics.views.do_scrub_realm") as m:
+            result = self.client_post("/activity/support", {"realm_id": "%s" % (lear_realm.id,)})
+            m.assert_not_called()
+
+class TestGetChartDataHelpers(ZulipTestCase):
+    # last_successful_fill is in analytics/models.py, but get_chart_data is
+    # the only function that uses it at the moment
+    def test_last_successful_fill(self) -> None:
+        self.assertIsNone(last_successful_fill('non-existant'))
+        a_time = datetime(2016, 3, 14, 19).replace(tzinfo=utc)
+        one_hour_before = datetime(2016, 3, 14, 18).replace(tzinfo=utc)
+        fillstate = FillState.objects.create(property='property', end_time=a_time,
+                                             state=FillState.DONE)
+        self.assertEqual(last_successful_fill('property'), a_time)
+        fillstate.state = FillState.STARTED
+        fillstate.save()
+        self.assertEqual(last_successful_fill('property'), one_hour_before)
+
+    def test_sort_by_totals(self) -> None:
+        empty = []  # type: List[int]
+        value_arrays = {'c': [0, 1], 'a': [9], 'b': [1, 1, 1], 'd': empty}
+        self.assertEqual(sort_by_totals(value_arrays), ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd'])
+
+    def test_sort_client_labels(self) -> None:
+        data = {'everyone': {'a': [16], 'c': [15], 'b': [14], 'e': [13], 'd': [12], 'h': [11]},
+                'user': {'a': [6], 'b': [5], 'd': [4], 'e': [3], 'f': [2], 'g': [1]}}
+        self.assertEqual(sort_client_labels(data), ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f', 'g', 'h'])
+
+class TestTimeRange(ZulipTestCase):
+    def test_time_range(self) -> None:
+        HOUR = timedelta(hours=1)
+        DAY = timedelta(days=1)
+
+        a_time = datetime(2016, 3, 14, 22, 59).replace(tzinfo=utc)
+        floor_hour = datetime(2016, 3, 14, 22).replace(tzinfo=utc)
+        floor_day = datetime(2016, 3, 14).replace(tzinfo=utc)
+
+        # test start == end
+        self.assertEqual(time_range(a_time, a_time, CountStat.HOUR, None), [])
+        self.assertEqual(time_range(a_time, a_time, CountStat.DAY, None), [])
+        # test start == end == boundary, and min_length == 0
+        self.assertEqual(time_range(floor_hour, floor_hour, CountStat.HOUR, 0), [floor_hour])
+        self.assertEqual(time_range(floor_day, floor_day, CountStat.DAY, 0), [floor_day])
+        # test start and end on different boundaries
+        self.assertEqual(time_range(floor_hour, floor_hour+HOUR, CountStat.HOUR, None),
+                         [floor_hour, floor_hour+HOUR])
+        self.assertEqual(time_range(floor_day, floor_day+DAY, CountStat.DAY, None),
+                         [floor_day, floor_day+DAY])
+        # test min_length
+        self.assertEqual(time_range(floor_hour, floor_hour+HOUR, CountStat.HOUR, 4),
+                         [floor_hour-2*HOUR, floor_hour-HOUR, floor_hour, floor_hour+HOUR])
+        self.assertEqual(time_range(floor_day, floor_day+DAY, CountStat.DAY, 4),
+                         [floor_day-2*DAY, floor_day-DAY, floor_day, floor_day+DAY])
+
+class TestMapArrays(ZulipTestCase):
+    def test_map_arrays(self) -> None:
+        a = {'desktop app 1.0': [1, 2, 3],
+             'desktop app 2.0': [10, 12, 13],
+             'desktop app 3.0': [21, 22, 23],
+             'website': [1, 2, 3],
+             'ZulipiOS': [1, 2, 3],
+             'ZulipElectron': [2, 5, 7],
+             'ZulipMobile': [1, 5, 7],
+             'ZulipPython': [1, 2, 3],
+             'API: Python': [1, 2, 3],
+             'SomethingRandom': [4, 5, 6],
+             'ZulipGitHubWebhook': [7, 7, 9],
+             'ZulipAndroid': [64, 63, 65]}
+        result = rewrite_client_arrays(a)
+        self.assertEqual(result,
+                         {'Old desktop app': [32, 36, 39],
+                          'Old iOS app': [1, 2, 3],
+                          'Desktop app': [2, 5, 7],
+                          'Mobile app': [1, 5, 7],
+                          'Website': [1, 2, 3],
+                          'Python API': [2, 4, 6],
+                          'SomethingRandom': [4, 5, 6],
+                          'GitHub webhook': [7, 7, 9],
+                          'Old Android app': [64, 63, 65]})
--- a/analytics/urls.py
+++ b/analytics/urls.py
@@ -1,38 +1,35 @@
-from django.conf import settings
-from django.conf.urls import include
-from django.urls import path
-from django.urls.resolvers import URLPattern, URLResolver
+from django.conf.urls import include, url

-from analytics.views.stats import (
-    get_chart_data,
-    get_chart_data_for_installation,
-    get_chart_data_for_realm,
-    get_chart_data_for_stream,
-    stats,
-    stats_for_installation,
-    stats_for_realm,
-)
-from zerver.lib.rest import rest_path
+import analytics.views
+from zerver.lib.rest import rest_dispatch

-i18n_urlpatterns: list[URLPattern | URLResolver] = [
+i18n_urlpatterns = [
    # Server admin (user_profile.is_staff) visible stats pages
-    path("stats/realm/<realm_str>/", stats_for_realm),
-    path("stats/installation", stats_for_installation),
+    url(r'^activity$', analytics.views.get_activity,
+        name='analytics.views.get_activity'),
+    url(r'^activity/support$', analytics.views.support,
+        name='analytics.views.support'),
+    url(r'^realm_activity/(?P<realm_str>[\S]+)/$', analytics.views.get_realm_activity,
+        name='analytics.views.get_realm_activity'),
+    url(r'^user_activity/(?P<email>[\S]+)/$', analytics.views.get_user_activity,
+        name='analytics.views.get_user_activity'),
+
+    url(r'^stats/realm/(?P<realm_str>[\S]+)/$', analytics.views.stats_for_realm,
+        name='analytics.views.stats_for_realm'),
+    url(r'^stats/installation$', analytics.views.stats_for_installation,
+        name='analytics.views.stats_for_installation'),
+    url(r'^stats/remote/(?P<remote_server_id>[\S]+)/installation$',
+        analytics.views.stats_for_remote_installation,
+        name='analytics.views.stats_for_remote_installation'),
+    url(r'^stats/remote/(?P<remote_server_id>[\S]+)/realm/(?P<remote_realm_id>[\S]+)/$',
+        analytics.views.stats_for_remote_realm,
+        name='analytics.views.stats_for_remote_realm'),
+
    # User-visible stats page
-    path("stats", stats, name="stats"),
+    url(r'^stats$', analytics.views.stats,
+        name='analytics.views.stats'),
 ]

-if settings.ZILENCER_ENABLED:
-    from analytics.views.stats import stats_for_remote_installation, stats_for_remote_realm
-
-    i18n_urlpatterns += [
-        path("stats/remote/<int:remote_server_id>/installation", stats_for_remote_installation),
-        path(
-            "stats/remote/<int:remote_server_id>/realm/<int:remote_realm_id>/",
-            stats_for_remote_realm,
-        ),
-    ]
-
 # These endpoints are a part of the API (V1), which uses:
 # * REST verbs
 # * Basic auth (username:password is email:apiKey)
@@ -43,32 +40,22 @@ if settings.ZILENCER_ENABLED:
 # All of these paths are accessed by either a /json or /api prefix
 v1_api_and_json_patterns = [
    # get data for the graphs at /stats
-    rest_path("analytics/chart_data", GET=get_chart_data),
-    rest_path("analytics/chart_data/stream/<stream_id>", GET=get_chart_data_for_stream),
-    rest_path("analytics/chart_data/realm/<realm_str>", GET=get_chart_data_for_realm),
-    rest_path("analytics/chart_data/installation", GET=get_chart_data_for_installation),
+    url(r'^analytics/chart_data$', rest_dispatch,
+        {'GET': 'analytics.views.get_chart_data'}),
+    url(r'^analytics/chart_data/realm/(?P<realm_str>[\S]+)$', rest_dispatch,
+        {'GET': 'analytics.views.get_chart_data_for_realm'}),
+    url(r'^analytics/chart_data/installation$', rest_dispatch,
+        {'GET': 'analytics.views.get_chart_data_for_installation'}),
+    url(r'^analytics/chart_data/remote/(?P<remote_server_id>[\S]+)/installation$', rest_dispatch,
+        {'GET': 'analytics.views.get_chart_data_for_remote_installation'}),
+    url(r'^analytics/chart_data/remote/(?P<remote_server_id>[\S]+)/realm/(?P<remote_realm_id>[\S]+)$',
+        rest_dispatch,
+        {'GET': 'analytics.views.get_chart_data_for_remote_realm'}),
 ]

-if settings.ZILENCER_ENABLED:
-    from analytics.views.stats import (
-        get_chart_data_for_remote_installation,
-        get_chart_data_for_remote_realm,
-    )
-
-    v1_api_and_json_patterns += [
-        rest_path(
-            "analytics/chart_data/remote/<int:remote_server_id>/installation",
-            GET=get_chart_data_for_remote_installation,
-        ),
-        rest_path(
-            "analytics/chart_data/remote/<int:remote_server_id>/realm/<int:remote_realm_id>",
-            GET=get_chart_data_for_remote_realm,
-        ),
-    ]
-
 i18n_urlpatterns += [
-    path("api/v1/", include(v1_api_and_json_patterns)),
-    path("json/", include(v1_api_and_json_patterns)),
+    url(r'^api/v1/', include(v1_api_and_json_patterns)),
+    url(r'^json/', include(v1_api_and_json_patterns)),
 ]

 urlpatterns = i18n_urlpatterns
--- a/analytics/views.py
+++ b/analytics/views.py
--- a/analytics/views/stats.py
+++ b/analytics/views/stats.py
@@ -1,575 +0,0 @@
-import logging
-from collections import defaultdict
-from datetime import datetime, timedelta, timezone
-from typing import Any, Optional, TypeAlias, TypeVar, cast
-
-from django.conf import settings
-from django.db.models import QuerySet
-from django.http import HttpRequest, HttpResponse, HttpResponseNotFound
-from django.shortcuts import render
-from django.utils import translation
-from django.utils.timezone import now as timezone_now
-from django.utils.translation import gettext as _
-
-from analytics.lib.counts import COUNT_STATS, CountStat
-from analytics.lib.time_utils import time_range
-from analytics.models import (
-    BaseCount,
-    InstallationCount,
-    RealmCount,
-    StreamCount,
-    UserCount,
-    installation_epoch,
-)
-from zerver.decorator import (
-    require_non_guest_user,
-    require_server_admin,
-    require_server_admin_api,
-    to_utc_datetime,
-    zulip_login_required,
-)
-from zerver.lib.exceptions import JsonableError
-from zerver.lib.i18n import get_and_set_request_language, get_language_translation_data
-from zerver.lib.request import REQ, has_request_variables
-from zerver.lib.response import json_success
-from zerver.lib.streams import access_stream_by_id
-from zerver.lib.timestamp import convert_to_UTC
-from zerver.lib.validator import to_non_negative_int
-from zerver.models import Client, Realm, Stream, UserProfile
-from zerver.models.realms import get_realm
-
-if settings.ZILENCER_ENABLED:
-    from zilencer.models import RemoteInstallationCount, RemoteRealmCount, RemoteZulipServer
-
-MAX_TIME_FOR_FULL_ANALYTICS_GENERATION = timedelta(days=1, minutes=30)
-
-
-def is_analytics_ready(realm: Realm) -> bool:
-    return (timezone_now() - realm.date_created) > MAX_TIME_FOR_FULL_ANALYTICS_GENERATION
-
-
-def render_stats(
-    request: HttpRequest,
-    data_url_suffix: str,
-    realm: Realm | None,
-    *,
-    title: str | None = None,
-    analytics_ready: bool = True,
-) -> HttpResponse:
-    assert request.user.is_authenticated
-
-    if realm is not None:
-        # Same query to get guest user count as in get_seat_count in corporate/lib/stripe.py.
-        guest_users = UserProfile.objects.filter(
-            realm=realm, is_active=True, is_bot=False, role=UserProfile.ROLE_GUEST
-        ).count()
-        space_used = realm.currently_used_upload_space_bytes()
-        if title:
-            pass
-        else:
-            title = realm.name or realm.string_id
-    else:
-        assert title
-        guest_users = None
-        space_used = None
-
-    request_language = get_and_set_request_language(
-        request,
-        request.user.default_language,
-        translation.get_language_from_path(request.path_info),
-    )
-
-    # Sync this with stats_params_schema in base_page_params.ts.
-    page_params = dict(
-        page_type="stats",
-        data_url_suffix=data_url_suffix,
-        upload_space_used=space_used,
-        guest_users=guest_users,
-        translation_data=get_language_translation_data(request_language),
-    )
-
-    return render(
-        request,
-        "analytics/stats.html",
-        context=dict(
-            target_name=title,
-            page_params=page_params,
-            analytics_ready=analytics_ready,
-        ),
-    )
-
-
-@zulip_login_required
-def stats(request: HttpRequest) -> HttpResponse:
-    assert request.user.is_authenticated
-    realm = request.user.realm
-    if request.user.is_guest:
-        # TODO: Make @zulip_login_required pass the UserProfile so we
-        # can use @require_member_or_admin
-        raise JsonableError(_("Not allowed for guest users"))
-    return render_stats(request, "", realm, analytics_ready=is_analytics_ready(realm))
-
-
-@require_server_admin
-@has_request_variables
-def stats_for_realm(request: HttpRequest, realm_str: str) -> HttpResponse:
-    try:
-        realm = get_realm(realm_str)
-    except Realm.DoesNotExist:
-        return HttpResponseNotFound()
-
-    return render_stats(
-        request,
-        f"/realm/{realm_str}",
-        realm,
-        analytics_ready=is_analytics_ready(realm),
-    )
-
-
-@require_server_admin
-@has_request_variables
-def stats_for_remote_realm(
-    request: HttpRequest, remote_server_id: int, remote_realm_id: int
-) -> HttpResponse:
-    assert settings.ZILENCER_ENABLED
-    server = RemoteZulipServer.objects.get(id=remote_server_id)
-    return render_stats(
-        request,
-        f"/remote/{server.id}/realm/{remote_realm_id}",
-        None,
-        title=f"Realm {remote_realm_id} on server {server.hostname}",
-    )
-
-
-@require_server_admin_api
-@has_request_variables
-def get_chart_data_for_realm(
-    request: HttpRequest, /, user_profile: UserProfile, realm_str: str, **kwargs: Any
-) -> HttpResponse:
-    try:
-        realm = get_realm(realm_str)
-    except Realm.DoesNotExist:
-        raise JsonableError(_("Invalid organization"))
-
-    return get_chart_data(request, user_profile, realm=realm, **kwargs)
-
-
-@require_non_guest_user
-@has_request_variables
-def get_chart_data_for_stream(
-    request: HttpRequest, /, user_profile: UserProfile, stream_id: int
-) -> HttpResponse:
-    stream, ignored_sub = access_stream_by_id(
-        user_profile,
-        stream_id,
-        require_active=True,
-        allow_realm_admin=True,
-    )
-
-    return get_chart_data(request, user_profile, stream=stream)
-
-
-@require_server_admin_api
-@has_request_variables
-def get_chart_data_for_remote_realm(
-    request: HttpRequest,
-    /,
-    user_profile: UserProfile,
-    remote_server_id: int,
-    remote_realm_id: int,
-    **kwargs: Any,
-) -> HttpResponse:
-    assert settings.ZILENCER_ENABLED
-    server = RemoteZulipServer.objects.get(id=remote_server_id)
-    return get_chart_data(
-        request,
-        user_profile,
-        server=server,
-        remote=True,
-        remote_realm_id=int(remote_realm_id),
-        **kwargs,
-    )
-
-
-@require_server_admin
-def stats_for_installation(request: HttpRequest) -> HttpResponse:
-    assert request.user.is_authenticated
-    return render_stats(request, "/installation", None, title="installation")
-
-
-@require_server_admin
-def stats_for_remote_installation(request: HttpRequest, remote_server_id: int) -> HttpResponse:
-    assert settings.ZILENCER_ENABLED
-    server = RemoteZulipServer.objects.get(id=remote_server_id)
-    return render_stats(
-        request,
-        f"/remote/{server.id}/installation",
-        None,
-        title=f"remote installation {server.hostname}",
-    )
-
-
-@require_server_admin_api
-@has_request_variables
-def get_chart_data_for_installation(
-    request: HttpRequest, /, user_profile: UserProfile, chart_name: str = REQ(), **kwargs: Any
-) -> HttpResponse:
-    return get_chart_data(request, user_profile, for_installation=True, **kwargs)
-
-
-@require_server_admin_api
-@has_request_variables
-def get_chart_data_for_remote_installation(
-    request: HttpRequest,
-    /,
-    user_profile: UserProfile,
-    remote_server_id: int,
-    chart_name: str = REQ(),
-    **kwargs: Any,
-) -> HttpResponse:
-    assert settings.ZILENCER_ENABLED
-    server = RemoteZulipServer.objects.get(id=remote_server_id)
-    return get_chart_data(
-        request,
-        user_profile,
-        for_installation=True,
-        remote=True,
-        server=server,
-        **kwargs,
-    )
-
-
-@require_non_guest_user
-@has_request_variables
-def get_chart_data(
-    request: HttpRequest,
-    user_profile: UserProfile,
-    chart_name: str = REQ(),
-    min_length: int | None = REQ(converter=to_non_negative_int, default=None),
-    start: datetime | None = REQ(converter=to_utc_datetime, default=None),
-    end: datetime | None = REQ(converter=to_utc_datetime, default=None),
-    # These last several parameters are only used by functions
-    # wrapping get_chart_data; the callers are responsible for
-    # parsing/validation/authorization for them.
-    realm: Realm | None = None,
-    for_installation: bool = False,
-    remote: bool = False,
-    remote_realm_id: int | None = None,
-    server: Optional["RemoteZulipServer"] = None,
-    stream: Stream | None = None,
-) -> HttpResponse:
-    TableType: TypeAlias = (
-        type["RemoteInstallationCount"]
-        | type[InstallationCount]
-        | type["RemoteRealmCount"]
-        | type[RealmCount]
-    )
-    if for_installation:
-        if remote:
-            assert settings.ZILENCER_ENABLED
-            aggregate_table: TableType = RemoteInstallationCount
-            assert server is not None
-        else:
-            aggregate_table = InstallationCount
-    else:
-        if remote:
-            assert settings.ZILENCER_ENABLED
-            aggregate_table = RemoteRealmCount
-            assert server is not None
-            assert remote_realm_id is not None
-        else:
-            aggregate_table = RealmCount
-
-    tables: (
-        tuple[TableType] | tuple[TableType, type[UserCount]] | tuple[TableType, type[StreamCount]]
-    )
-
-    if chart_name == "number_of_humans":
-        stats = [
-            COUNT_STATS["1day_actives::day"],
-            COUNT_STATS["realm_active_humans::day"],
-            COUNT_STATS["active_users_audit:is_bot:day"],
-        ]
-        tables = (aggregate_table,)
-        subgroup_to_label: dict[CountStat, dict[str | None, str]] = {
-            stats[0]: {None: "_1day"},
-            stats[1]: {None: "_15day"},
-            stats[2]: {"false": "all_time"},
-        }
-        labels_sort_function = None
-        include_empty_subgroups = True
-    elif chart_name == "messages_sent_over_time":
-        stats = [COUNT_STATS["messages_sent:is_bot:hour"]]
-        tables = (aggregate_table, UserCount)
-        subgroup_to_label = {stats[0]: {"false": "human", "true": "bot"}}
-        labels_sort_function = None
-        include_empty_subgroups = True
-    elif chart_name == "messages_sent_by_message_type":
-        stats = [COUNT_STATS["messages_sent:message_type:day"]]
-        tables = (aggregate_table, UserCount)
-        subgroup_to_label = {
-            stats[0]: {
-                "public_stream": _("Public channels"),
-                "private_stream": _("Private channels"),
-                "private_message": _("Direct messages"),
-                "huddle_message": _("Group direct messages"),
-            }
-        }
-        labels_sort_function = lambda data: sort_by_totals(data["everyone"])
-        include_empty_subgroups = True
-    elif chart_name == "messages_sent_by_client":
-        stats = [COUNT_STATS["messages_sent:client:day"]]
-        tables = (aggregate_table, UserCount)
-        # Note that the labels are further re-written by client_label_map
-        subgroup_to_label = {
-            stats[0]: {str(id): name for id, name in Client.objects.values_list("id", "name")}
-        }
-        labels_sort_function = sort_client_labels
-        include_empty_subgroups = False
-    elif chart_name == "messages_read_over_time":
-        stats = [COUNT_STATS["messages_read::hour"]]
-        tables = (aggregate_table, UserCount)
-        subgroup_to_label = {stats[0]: {None: "read"}}
-        labels_sort_function = None
-        include_empty_subgroups = True
-    elif chart_name == "messages_sent_by_stream":
-        if stream is None:
-            raise JsonableError(
-                _("Missing channel for chart: {chart_name}").format(chart_name=chart_name)
-            )
-        stats = [COUNT_STATS["messages_in_stream:is_bot:day"]]
-        tables = (aggregate_table, StreamCount)
-        subgroup_to_label = {stats[0]: {"false": "human", "true": "bot"}}
-        labels_sort_function = None
-        include_empty_subgroups = True
-    else:
-        raise JsonableError(_("Unknown chart name: {chart_name}").format(chart_name=chart_name))
-
-    # Most likely someone using our API endpoint. The /stats page does not
-    # pass a start or end in its requests.
-    if start is not None:
-        start = convert_to_UTC(start)
-    if end is not None:
-        end = convert_to_UTC(end)
-    if start is not None and end is not None and start > end:
-        raise JsonableError(
-            _("Start time is later than end time. Start: {start}, End: {end}").format(
-                start=start,
-                end=end,
-            )
-        )
-
-    if realm is None:
-        # Note that this value is invalid for Remote tables; be
-        # careful not to access it in those code paths.
-        realm = user_profile.realm
-
-    if remote:
-        # For remote servers, we don't have fillstate data, and thus
-        # should simply use the first and last data points for the
-        # table.
-        assert server is not None
-        assert aggregate_table is RemoteInstallationCount or aggregate_table is RemoteRealmCount
-        aggregate_table_remote = cast(
-            type[RemoteInstallationCount] | type[RemoteRealmCount], aggregate_table
-        )  # https://stackoverflow.com/questions/68540528/mypy-assertions-on-the-types-of-types
-        if not aggregate_table_remote.objects.filter(server=server).exists():
-            raise JsonableError(
-                _("No analytics data available. Please contact your server administrator.")
-            )
-        if start is None:
-            first = (
-                aggregate_table_remote.objects.filter(server=server).order_by("remote_id").first()
-            )
-            assert first is not None
-            start = first.end_time
-        if end is None:
-            last = aggregate_table_remote.objects.filter(server=server).order_by("remote_id").last()
-            assert last is not None
-            end = last.end_time
-    else:
-        # Otherwise, we can use tables on the current server to
-        # determine a nice range, and some additional validation.
-        if start is None:
-            if for_installation:
-                start = installation_epoch()
-            else:
-                start = realm.date_created
-        if end is None:
-            end = max(
-                stat.last_successful_fill() or datetime.min.replace(tzinfo=timezone.utc)
-                for stat in stats
-            )
-
-        if start > end and (timezone_now() - start > MAX_TIME_FOR_FULL_ANALYTICS_GENERATION):
-            logging.warning(
-                "User from realm %s attempted to access /stats, but the computed "
-                "start time: %s (creation of realm or installation) is later than the computed "
-                "end time: %s (last successful analytics update). Is the "
-                "analytics cron job running?",
-                realm.string_id,
-                start,
-                end,
-            )
-            raise JsonableError(
-                _("No analytics data available. Please contact your server administrator.")
-            )
-
-    assert len({stat.frequency for stat in stats}) == 1
-    end_times = time_range(start, end, stats[0].frequency, min_length)
-    data: dict[str, Any] = {
-        "end_times": [int(end_time.timestamp()) for end_time in end_times],
-        "frequency": stats[0].frequency,
-    }
-
-    aggregation_level = {
-        InstallationCount: "everyone",
-        RealmCount: "everyone",
-        UserCount: "user",
-        StreamCount: "everyone",
-    }
-    if settings.ZILENCER_ENABLED:
-        aggregation_level[RemoteInstallationCount] = "everyone"
-        aggregation_level[RemoteRealmCount] = "everyone"
-
-    # -1 is a placeholder value, since there is no relevant filtering on InstallationCount
-    id_value = {
-        InstallationCount: -1,
-        RealmCount: realm.id,
-        UserCount: user_profile.id,
-    }
-    if stream is not None:
-        id_value[StreamCount] = stream.id
-
-    if settings.ZILENCER_ENABLED:
-        if server is not None:
-            id_value[RemoteInstallationCount] = server.id
-        # TODO: RemoteRealmCount logic doesn't correctly handle
-        # filtering by server_id as well.
-        if remote_realm_id is not None:
-            id_value[RemoteRealmCount] = remote_realm_id
-
-    for table in tables:
-        data[aggregation_level[table]] = {}
-        for stat in stats:
-            data[aggregation_level[table]].update(
-                get_time_series_by_subgroup(
-                    stat,
-                    table,
-                    id_value[table],
-                    end_times,
-                    subgroup_to_label[stat],
-                    include_empty_subgroups,
-                )
-            )
-
-    if labels_sort_function is not None:
-        data["display_order"] = labels_sort_function(data)
-    else:
-        data["display_order"] = None
-    return json_success(request, data=data)
-
-
-def sort_by_totals(value_arrays: dict[str, list[int]]) -> list[str]:
-    totals = sorted(((sum(values), label) for label, values in value_arrays.items()), reverse=True)
-    return [label for total, label in totals]
-
-
-# For any given user, we want to show a fixed set of clients in the chart,
-# regardless of the time aggregation or whether we're looking at realm or
-# user data. This fixed set ideally includes the clients most important in
-# understanding the realm's traffic and the user's traffic. This function
-# tries to rank the clients so that taking the first N elements of the
-# sorted list has a reasonable chance of doing so.
-def sort_client_labels(data: dict[str, dict[str, list[int]]]) -> list[str]:
-    realm_order = sort_by_totals(data["everyone"])
-    user_order = sort_by_totals(data["user"])
-    label_sort_values: dict[str, float] = {label: i for i, label in enumerate(realm_order)}
-    for i, label in enumerate(user_order):
-        label_sort_values[label] = min(i - 0.1, label_sort_values.get(label, i))
-    return [label for label, sort_value in sorted(label_sort_values.items(), key=lambda x: x[1])]
-
-
-CountT = TypeVar("CountT", bound=BaseCount)
-
-
-def table_filtered_to_id(table: type[CountT], key_id: int) -> QuerySet[CountT]:
-    if table == RealmCount:
-        return table._default_manager.filter(realm_id=key_id)
-    elif table == UserCount:
-        return table._default_manager.filter(user_id=key_id)
-    elif table == StreamCount:
-        return table._default_manager.filter(stream_id=key_id)
-    elif table == InstallationCount:
-        return table._default_manager.all()
-    elif settings.ZILENCER_ENABLED and table == RemoteInstallationCount:
-        return table._default_manager.filter(server_id=key_id)
-    elif settings.ZILENCER_ENABLED and table == RemoteRealmCount:
-        return table._default_manager.filter(realm_id=key_id)
-    else:
-        raise AssertionError(f"Unknown table: {table}")
-
-
-def client_label_map(name: str) -> str:
-    if name == "website":
-        return "Web app"
-    if name.startswith("desktop app"):
-        return "Old desktop app"
-    if name == "ZulipElectron":
-        return "Desktop app"
-    if name == "ZulipTerminal":
-        return "Terminal app"
-    if name == "ZulipAndroid":
-        return "Old Android app"
-    if name == "ZulipiOS":
-        return "Old iOS app"
-    if name == "ZulipMobile":
-        return "Mobile app (React Native)"
-    if name in ["ZulipFlutter", "ZulipMobile/flutter"]:
-        return "Mobile app beta (Flutter)"
-    if name in ["ZulipPython", "API: Python"]:
-        return "Python API"
-    if name.startswith("Zulip") and name.endswith("Webhook"):
-        return name[len("Zulip") : -len("Webhook")] + " webhook"
-    return name
-
-
-def rewrite_client_arrays(value_arrays: dict[str, list[int]]) -> dict[str, list[int]]:
-    mapped_arrays: dict[str, list[int]] = {}
-    for label, array in value_arrays.items():
-        mapped_label = client_label_map(label)
-        if mapped_label in mapped_arrays:
-            for i in range(len(array)):
-                mapped_arrays[mapped_label][i] += value_arrays[label][i]
-        else:
-            mapped_arrays[mapped_label] = [value_arrays[label][i] for i in range(len(array))]
-    return mapped_arrays
-
-
-def get_time_series_by_subgroup(
-    stat: CountStat,
-    table: type[BaseCount],
-    key_id: int,
-    end_times: list[datetime],
-    subgroup_to_label: dict[str | None, str],
-    include_empty_subgroups: bool,
-) -> dict[str, list[int]]:
-    queryset = (
-        table_filtered_to_id(table, key_id)
-        .filter(property=stat.property)
-        .values_list("subgroup", "end_time", "value")
-    )
-    value_dicts: dict[str | None, dict[datetime, int]] = defaultdict(lambda: defaultdict(int))
-    for subgroup, end_time, value in queryset:
-        value_dicts[subgroup][end_time] = value
-    value_arrays = {}
-    for subgroup, label in subgroup_to_label.items():
-        if (subgroup in value_dicts) or include_empty_subgroups:
-            value_arrays[label] = [value_dicts[subgroup][end_time] for end_time in end_times]
-
-    if stat == COUNT_STATS["messages_sent:client:day"]:
-        # HACK: We rewrite these arrays to collapse the Client objects
-        # with similar names into a single sum, and generally give
-        # them better names
-        return rewrite_client_arrays(value_arrays)
-    return value_arrays
--- a/api_docs/api-doc-template.md
+++ b/api_docs/api-doc-template.md
@@ -1,31 +0,0 @@
-{generate_api_header(API_ENDPOINT_NAME)}
-
-## Usage examples
-
-{start_tabs}
-
-{generate_code_example(python)|API_ENDPOINT_NAME|example}
-
-{generate_code_example(javascript)|API_ENDPOINT_NAME|example}
-
-{tab|curl}
-
-{generate_code_example(curl)|API_ENDPOINT_NAME|example}
-
-{end_tabs}
-
-## Parameters
-
-{generate_api_arguments_table|zulip.yaml|API_ENDPOINT_NAME}
-
-{generate_parameter_description(API_ENDPOINT_NAME)}
-
-## Response
-
-{generate_return_values_table|zulip.yaml|API_ENDPOINT_NAME}
-
-{generate_response_description(API_ENDPOINT_NAME)}
-
-#### Example response(s)
-
-{generate_code_example|API_ENDPOINT_NAME|fixture}
--- a/api_docs/api-keys.md
+++ b/api_docs/api-keys.md
@@ -1,89 +0,0 @@
-# API keys
-
-An **API key** is how a bot identifies itself to Zulip. For the official
-clients, such as the Python bindings, we recommend [downloading a `zuliprc`
-file](/api/configuring-python-bindings#download-a-zuliprc-file). This file
-contains an API key and other necessary configuration values for using the
-Zulip API with a specific account on a Zulip server.
-
-## Get a bot's API key
-
-{start_tabs}
-
-{tab|desktop-web}
-
-{settings_tab|your-bots}
-
-1. Click **Active bots**.
-
-1. Find your bot. The bot's API key is under **API KEY**.
-
-{end_tabs}
-
-!!! warn ""
-
-    Anyone with a bot's API key can impersonate the bot, so be careful with it!
-
-## Get your API key
-
-{start_tabs}
-
-{tab|desktop-web}
-
-{settings_tab|account-and-privacy}
-
-1. Under **API key**, click **Manage your API key**.
-
-1. Enter your password, and click **Get API key**. If you don't know your
-   password, click **reset it** and follow the instructions from there.
-
-1. Copy your API key.
-
-{end_tabs}
-
-!!! warn ""
-
-    Anyone with your API key can impersonate you, so be doubly careful with it.
-
-
-## Invalidate an API key
-
-To invalidate an existing API key, you have to generate a new key.
-
-### Invalidate a bot's API key
-
-{start_tabs}
-
-{tab|desktop-web}
-
-{settings_tab|your-bots}
-
-1. Click **Active bots**.
-
-1. Find your bot.
-
-1. Under **API KEY**, click the **refresh** (<i class="fa fa-refresh"></i>) icon
-   to the right of the bot's API key.
-
-{end_tabs}
-
-### Invalidate your API key
-
-{start_tabs}
-
-{tab|desktop-web}
-
-{settings_tab|account-and-privacy}
-
-1. Under **API key**, click **Manage your API key**.
-
-1. Enter your password, and click **Get API key**. If you don't know your
-   password, click **reset it** and follow the instructions from there.
-
-1. Click **Generate new API key**
-
-{end_tabs}
-
-## Related articles
-
-* [Configuring the Python bindings](/api/configuring-python-bindings)
--- a/api_docs/changelog.md
+++ b/api_docs/changelog.md
--- a/api_docs/configuring-python-bindings.md
+++ b/api_docs/configuring-python-bindings.md
@@ -1,161 +0,0 @@
-# Configuring the Python bindings
-
-Zulip provides a set of tools that allows interacting with its API more
-easily, called the [Python bindings](https://pypi.python.org/pypi/zulip/).
-One of the most notable use cases for these bindings are bots developed
-using Zulip's [bot framework](/api/writing-bots).
-
-In order to use them, you need to configure them with your identity
-(account, API key, and Zulip server URL). There are a few ways to
-achieve that:
-
- Using a `zuliprc` file, referenced via the `--config-file` option or
-  the `config_file` option to the `zulip.Client` constructor
-  (recommended for bots).
- Using a `zuliprc` file in your home directory at `~/.zuliprc`
-  (recommended for your own API key).
- Using the [environment
-  variables](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environment_variable)
-  documented below.
- Using the `--api-key`, `--email`, and `--site` variables as command
-  line parameters.
- Using the `api_key`, `email`, and `site` parameters to the
-  `zulip.Client` constructor.
-
-## Download a `zuliprc` file
-
-{start_tabs}
-
-{tab|for-a-bot}
-
-{settings_tab|your-bots}
-
-1. Click the **download** (<i class="fa fa-download"></i>) icon on the profile
-   card of the desired bot to download the bot's `zuliprc` file.
-
-!!! warn ""
-
-    Anyone with a bot's API key can impersonate the bot, so be careful with it!
-
-{tab|for-yourself}
-
-{settings_tab|account-and-privacy}
-
-1. Under **API key**, click **Manage your API key**.
-
-1. Enter your password, and click **Get API key**. If you don't know your
-   password, click **reset it** and follow the
-   instructions from there.
-
-1. Click **Download zuliprc** to download your `zuliprc` file.
-
-1. (optional) If you'd like your credentials to be used by default
-   when using the Zulip API on your computer, move the `zuliprc` file
-   to `~/.zuliprc` in your home directory.
-
-!!! warn ""
-
-    Anyone with your API key can impersonate you, so be doubly careful with it.
-
-{end_tabs}
-
-## Configuration keys and environment variables
-
-`zuliprc` is a configuration file written in the
-[INI file format](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/INI_file),
-which contains key-value pairs as shown in the following example:
-
-```
-[api]
-key=<API key from the web interface>
-email=<your email address>
-site=<your Zulip server's URI>
-...
-```
-
-The keys you can use in this file (and their equivalent environment variables)
-can be found in the following table:
-
-<table class="table">
-    <thead>
-        <tr>
-            <th><code>zuliprc</code> key</th>
-            <th>Environment variable</th>
-            <th>Required</th>
-            <th>Description</th>
-        </tr>
-    </thead>
-    <tr>
-        <td><code>key</code></td>
-        <td><code>ZULIP_API_KEY</code></td>
-        <td>Yes</td>
-        <td>
-            <a href="/api/api-keys">API key</a>, which you can get through
-            Zulip's web interface.
-        </td>
-    </tr>
-    <tr>
-        <td><code>email</code></td>
-        <td><code>ZULIP_EMAIL</code></td>
-        <td>Yes</td>
-        <td>
-            The email address of the user who owns the API key mentioned
-            above.
-        </td>
-    </tr>
-    <tr>
-        <td><code>site</code></td>
-        <td><code>ZULIP_SITE</code></td>
-        <td>No</td>
-        <td>
-            URL where your Zulip server is located.
-        </td>
-    </tr>
-    <tr>
-        <td><code>client_cert_key</code></td>
-        <td><code>ZULIP_CERT_KEY</code></td>
-        <td>No</td>
-        <td>
-            Path to the SSL/TLS private key that the binding should use to
-            connect to the server.
-        </td>
-    </tr>
-    <tr>
-        <td><code>client_cert</code></td>
-        <td><code>ZULIP_CERT</code></td>
-        <td>No*</td>
-        <td>
-            The public counterpart of <code>client_cert_key</code>/
-            <code>ZULIP_CERT_KEY</code>. <i>This setting is required if a cert
-            key has been set.</i>
-        </td>
-    </tr>
-    <tr>
-        <td><code>client_bundle</code></td>
-        <td><code>ZULIP_CERT_BUNDLE</code></td>
-        <td>No</td>
-        <td>
-            Path where the server's PEM-encoded certificate is located. CA
-            certificates are also accepted, in case those CA's have issued the
-            server's certificate. Defaults to the built-in CA bundle trusted
-            by Python.
-        </td>
-    </tr>
-    <tr>
-        <td><code>insecure</code></td>
-        <td><code>ZULIP_ALLOW_INSECURE</code></td>
-        <td>No</td>
-        <td>
-            Allows connecting to Zulip servers with an invalid SSL/TLS
-            certificate. Please note that enabling this will make the HTTPS
-            connection insecure. Defaults to <code>false</code>.
-        </td>
-    </tr>
-</table>
-
-## Related articles
-
-* [Installation instructions](/api/installation-instructions)
-* [API keys](/api/api-keys)
-* [Running bots](/api/running-bots)
-* [Deploying bots](/api/deploying-bots)
--- a/api_docs/construct-narrow.md
+++ b/api_docs/construct-narrow.md
@@ -1,173 +0,0 @@
-# Construct a narrow
-
-A **narrow** is a set of filters for Zulip messages, that can be based
-on many different factors (like sender, channel, topic, search
-keywords, etc.). Narrows are used in various places in the Zulip
-API (most importantly, in the API for fetching messages).
-
-It is simplest to explain the algorithm for encoding a search as a
-narrow using a single example. Consider the following search query
-(written as it would be entered in the Zulip web app's search box).
-It filters for messages sent to channel `announce`, not sent by
-`iago@zulip.com`, and containing the words `cool` and `sunglasses`:
-
-```
-channel:announce -sender:iago@zulip.com cool sunglasses
-```
-
-This query would be JSON-encoded for use in the Zulip API using JSON
-as a list of simple objects, as follows:
-
-```json
-[
-    {
-        "operator": "channel",
-        "operand": "announce"
-    },
-    {
-        "operator": "sender",
-        "operand": "iago@zulip.com",
-        "negated": true
-    },
-    {
-        "operator": "search",
-        "operand": "cool sunglasses"
-    }
-]
-```
-
-The Zulip help center article on [searching for messages](/help/search-for-messages)
-documents the majority of the search/narrow options supported by the
-Zulip API.
-
-Note that many narrows, including all that lack a `channel` or `channels`
-operator, search the current user's personal message history. See
-[searching shared history](/help/search-for-messages#searching-shared-history)
-for details.
-
-Clients should note that the `is:unread` filter takes advantage of the
-fact that there is a database index for unread messages, which can be an
-important optimization when fetching messages in certain cases (e.g.,
-when [adding the `read` flag to a user's personal
-messages](/api/update-message-flags-for-narrow)).
-
-## Changes
-
-* In Zulip 9.0 (feature level 271), support was added for a new filter
-  operator, `with`, which uses a [message ID](#message-ids) for its
-  operand, and is designed for creating permanent links to topics.
-
-* In Zulip 9.0 (feature level 265), support was added for a new
-  `is:followed` filter, matching messages in topics that the current
-  user is [following](/help/follow-a-topic).
-
-* In Zulip 9.0 (feature level 250), support was added for two filters
-  related to stream messages: `channel` and `channels`. The `channel`
-  operator is an alias for the `stream` operator. The `channels`
-  operator is an alias for the `streams` operator. Both `channel` and
-  `channels` return the same exact results as `stream` and `streams`
-  respectively.
-
-* In Zulip 9.0 (feature level 249), support was added for a new filter,
-  `has:reaction`, which returns messages that have at least one [emoji
-  reaction](/help/emoji-reactions).
-
-* In Zulip 7.0 (feature level 177), support was added for three filters
-  related to direct messages: `is:dm`, `dm` and `dm-including`. The
-  `dm` operator replaced and deprecated the `pm-with` operator. The
-  `is:dm` filter replaced and deprecated the `is:private` filter. The
-  `dm-including` operator replaced and deprecated the `group-pm-with`
-  operator.
-
-    * The `dm-including` and `group-pm-with` operators return slightly
-      different results. For example, `dm-including:1234` returns all
-      direct messages (1-on-1 and group) that include the current user
-      and the user with the unique user ID of `1234`. On the other hand,
-      `group-pm-with:1234` returned only group direct messages that
-      included the current user and the user with the unique user ID of
-      `1234`.
-
-    * Both `dm` and `is:dm` are aliases of `pm-with` and `is:private`
-      respectively, and return the same exact results that the
-      deprecated filters did.
-
-## Narrows that use IDs
-
-### Message IDs
-
-The `near`, `id` and `with` operators use message IDs for their
-operands. The `near` and `id` operators are documented in the help
-center [here](/help/search-for-messages#search-by-message-id).
-
-The `with` operator is designed to be used for permanent links to topics,
-which means they should continue to work when the topic is
-[moved](/help/move-content-to-another-topic) or
-[resolved](/help/resolve-a-topic). If the message with the specified ID
-exists, and can be accessed by the user, then it will return messages
-with the `channel`/`topic`/`dm` operators corresponding to the current
-conversation containing that message, and replacing any such filters
-included in the narrow.
-
-* `with:12345`: Search for the conversation that contains the message
-  with ID `12345`.
-* `near:12345`: Search messages around the message with ID `12345`.
-* `id:12345`: Search for only the message with ID `12345`.
-
-The message ID operand for the `with` and `id` operators may be encoded
-as either a number or a string. The message ID operand for the `near`
-operator must be encoded as a string.
-
-**Changes**: Prior to Zulip 8.0 (feature level 194), the message ID
-operand for the `id` operator needed to be encoded as a string.
-
-
-```json
-[
-    {
-        "operator": "id",
-        "operand": 12345
-    }
-]
-```
-
-### Channel and user IDs
-
-There are a few additional narrow/search options (new in Zulip 2.1)
-that use either channel IDs or user IDs that are not documented in the
-help center because they are primarily useful to API clients:
-
-* `channel:1234`: Search messages sent to the channel with ID `1234`.
-* `sender:1234`: Search messages sent by user ID `1234`.
-* `dm:1234`: Search the direct message conversation between
-  you and user ID `1234`.
-* `dm:1234,5678`: Search the direct message conversation between
-  you, user ID `1234`, and user ID `5678`.
-* `dm-including:1234`: Search all direct messages (1-on-1 and group)
-  that include you and user ID `1234`.
-
-!!! tip ""
-
-    A user ID can be found by [viewing a user's profile][view-profile]
-    in the web or desktop apps. A channel ID can be found when [browsing
-    channels][browse-channels] in the web or desktop apps.
-
-The operands for these search options must be encoded either as an
-integer ID or a JSON list of integer IDs. For example, to query
-messages sent by a user 1234 to a direct message thread with yourself,
-user 1234, and user 5678, the correct JSON-encoded query is:
-
-```json
-[
-    {
-        "operator": "dm",
-        "operand": [1234, 5678]
-    },
-    {
-        "operator": "sender",
-        "operand": 1234
-    }
-]
-```
-
-[view-profile]: /help/view-someones-profile
-[browse-channels]: /help/introduction-to-channels#browse-and-subscribe-to-channels
--- a/api_docs/create-scheduled-message.md
+++ b/api_docs/create-scheduled-message.md
@@ -1,49 +0,0 @@
-{generate_api_header(/scheduled_messages:post)}
-
-## Usage examples
-
-{start_tabs}
-
-{generate_code_example(python)|/scheduled_messages:post|example}
-
-{generate_code_example(javascript)|/scheduled_messages:post|example}
-
-{tab|curl}
-
-``` curl
-# Create a scheduled channel message
-curl -X POST {{ api_url }}/v1/scheduled_messages \
-    -u BOT_EMAIL_ADDRESS:BOT_API_KEY \
-    --data-urlencode type=stream \
-    --data-urlencode to=9 \
-    --data-urlencode topic=Hello \
-    --data-urlencode 'content=Nice to meet everyone!' \
-    --data-urlencode scheduled_delivery_timestamp=3165826990
-
-# Create a scheduled direct message
-curl -X POST {{ api_url }}/v1/messages \
-    -u BOT_EMAIL_ADDRESS:BOT_API_KEY \
-    --data-urlencode type=direct \
-    --data-urlencode 'to=[9, 10]' \
-    --data-urlencode 'content=Can we meet on Monday?' \
-    --data-urlencode scheduled_delivery_timestamp=3165826990
-
-```
-
-{end_tabs}
-
-## Parameters
-
-{generate_api_arguments_table|zulip.yaml|/scheduled_messages:post}
-
-{generate_parameter_description(/scheduled_messages:post)}
-
-## Response
-
-{generate_return_values_table|zulip.yaml|/scheduled_messages:post}
-
-{generate_response_description(/scheduled_messages:post)}
-
-#### Example response(s)
-
-{generate_code_example|/scheduled_messages:post|fixture}
--- a/api_docs/create-stream.md
+++ b/api_docs/create-stream.md
@@ -1,6 +0,0 @@
-# Create a channel
-
-You can create a channel using Zulip's REST API by submitting a
-[subscribe](/api/subscribe) request with a channel name that
-doesn't yet exist and passing appropriate parameters to define
-the initial configuration of the new channel.
--- a/api_docs/group-setting-values.md
+++ b/api_docs/group-setting-values.md
@@ -1,90 +0,0 @@
-# Group-setting values
-
-Settings defining permissions in Zulip are increasingly represented
-using [user groups](/help/user-groups), which offer much more flexible
-configuration than the older [roles](/api/roles-and-permissions) system.
-
-!!! warn ""
-
-    This API feature is under development, and currently only values that
-    correspond to a single named user group are permitted in
-    production environments, pending the web application UI supporting
-    displaying more complex values correctly.
-
-In the API, these settings are represented using a **group-setting
-value**, which can take two forms:
-
- An integer user group ID, which can be either a named user group
-  visible in the UI or a [role-based system group](#system-groups).
- An object with fields `direct_member_ids` containing a list of
-  integer user IDs and `direct_subgroup_ids` containing a list of
-  integer group IDs. The setting's value is the union of the
-  identified collection of users and groups.
-
-Group-setting values in the object form function very much like a
-formal user group object, without requiring the naming and UI clutter
-overhead involved with creating a visible user group just to store the
-value of a single setting.
-
-The server will canonicalize an object with empty `direct_member_ids`
-and with `direct_subgroup_ids` containing just the given group ID to
-the integer format.
-
-## System groups
-
-The Zulip server maintains a collection of system groups that
-correspond to the users with a given role; this makes it convenient to
-store concepts like "all administrators" in a group-setting
-value. These use a special naming convention and can be recognized by
-the `is_system_group` property on their group object.
-
-The following system groups are maintained by the Zulip server:
-
- `role:internet`: Everyone on the Internet has this permission; this
-  is used to configure the [public access
-  option](/help/public-access-option).
- `role:everyone`: All users, including guests.
- `role:members`: All users, excluding guests.
- `role:fullmembers`: All [full
-  members](https://zulip.com/api/roles-and-permissions#determining-if-a-user-is-a-full-member)
-  of the organization.
- `role:moderators`: All users with at least the moderator role.
- `role:administrators`: All users with at least the administrator
-  role.
- `role:owners`: All users with the owner role.
- `role:nobody`: The formal empty group. Used in the API to represent
-  disabling a feature.
-
-Client UI for setting a permission is encouraged to display system
-groups using their description, rather than using their names, which
-are chosen to be unique and clear in the API.
-
-System groups should generally not be displayed in UI for
-administering an organization's user groups, since they are not
-directly mutable.
-
-## Updating group-setting values
-
-The Zulip API uses a special format for modifying an existing setting
-using a group-setting value.
-
-A **group-setting update** is an object with a `new` field and an
-optional `old` field, each containing a group-setting value. The
-setting's value will be set to the membership expressed by the `new`
-field.
-
-The `old` field expresses the client's understanding of the current
-value of the setting. If the `old` field is present and does not match
-the actual current value of the setting, then the request will fail
-with error code `EXPECTATION_MISMATCH` and no changes will be applied.
-
-When a user edits the setting in a UI, the resulting API request
-should generally always include the `old` field, giving the value
-the list had when the user started editing. This accurately expresses
-the user's intent, and if two users edit the same list around the
-same time, it prevents a situation where the second change
-accidentally reverts the first one without either user noticing.
-
-Omitting `old` is appropriate where the intent really is a new complete
-list rather than an edit, for example in an integration that syncs the
-list from an external source of truth.
--- a/api_docs/http-headers.md
+++ b/api_docs/http-headers.md
@@ -1,80 +0,0 @@
-# HTTP headers
-
-This page documents the HTTP headers used by the Zulip API.
-
-Most important is that API clients authenticate to the server using
-HTTP Basic authentication. If you're using the official [Python or
-JavaScript bindings](/api/installation-instructions), this is taken
-care of when you configure said bindings.
-
-Otherwise, see the `curl` example on each endpoint's documentation
-page, which details the request format.
-
-Documented below are additional HTTP headers and header conventions
-generally used by Zulip:
-
-## The `User-Agent` header
-
-Clients are not required to pass a `User-Agent` HTTP header, but we
-highly recommend doing so when writing an integration. It's easy to do
-and it can help save time when debugging issues related to an API
-client.
-
-If provided, the Zulip server will parse the `User-Agent` HTTP header
-in order to identify specific clients and integrations. This
-information is used by the server for logging, [usage
-statistics](/help/analytics), and on rare occasions, for
-backwards-compatibility logic to preserve support for older versions
-of official clients.
-
-Official Zulip clients and integrations use a `User-Agent` that starts
-with something like `ZulipMobile/20.0.103 `, encoding the name of the
-application and it's version.
-
-Zulip's official API bindings have reasonable defaults for
-`User-Agent`. For example, the official Zulip Python bindings have a
-default `User-Agent` starting with `ZulipPython/{version}`, where
-`version` is the version of the library.
-
-You can give your bot/integration its own name by passing the `client`
-parameter when initializing the Python bindings. For example, the
-official Zulip Nagios integration is initialized like this:
-
-``` python
-client = zulip.Client(
-    config_file=opts.config, client=f"ZulipNagios/{VERSION}"
-)
-```
-
-If you are working on an integration that you plan to share outside
-your organization, you can get help picking a good name in
-`#integrations` in the [Zulip development
-community](https://zulip.com/development-community/).
-
-## Rate-limiting response headers
-
-To help clients avoid exceeding rate limits, Zulip sets the following
-HTTP headers in all API responses:
-
-* `X-RateLimit-Remaining`: The number of additional requests of this
-  type that the client can send before exceeding its limit.
-* `X-RateLimit-Limit`: The limit that would be applicable to a client
-  that had not made any recent requests of this type. This is useful
-  for designing a client's burst behavior so as to avoid ever reaching
-  a rate limit.
-* `X-RateLimit-Reset`: The time at which the client will no longer
-  have any rate limits applied to it (and thus could do a burst of
-  `X-RateLimit-Limit` requests).
-
-[Zulip's rate limiting rules are configurable][rate-limiting-rules],
-and can vary by server and over time. The default configuration
-currently limits:
-
-* Every user is limited to 200 total API requests per minute.
-* Separate, much lower limits for authentication/login attempts.
-
-When the Zulip server has configured multiple rate limits that apply
-to a given request, the values returned will be for the strictest
-limit.
-
-[rate-limiting-rules]: https://zulip.readthedocs.io/en/latest/production/security-model.html#rate-limiting
--- a/api_docs/include/rest-endpoints.md
+++ b/api_docs/include/rest-endpoints.md
@@ -1,136 +0,0 @@
-#### Messages
-
-* [Send a message](/api/send-message)
-* [Upload a file](/api/upload-file)
-* [Edit a message](/api/update-message)
-* [Delete a message](/api/delete-message)
-* [Get messages](/api/get-messages)
-* [Construct a narrow](/api/construct-narrow)
-* [Add an emoji reaction](/api/add-reaction)
-* [Remove an emoji reaction](/api/remove-reaction)
-* [Render a message](/api/render-message)
-* [Fetch a single message](/api/get-message)
-* [Check if messages match a narrow](/api/check-messages-match-narrow)
-* [Get a message's edit history](/api/get-message-history)
-* [Update personal message flags](/api/update-message-flags)
-* [Update personal message flags for narrow](/api/update-message-flags-for-narrow)
-* [Mark all messages as read](/api/mark-all-as-read)
-* [Mark messages in a channel as read](/api/mark-stream-as-read)
-* [Mark messages in a topic as read](/api/mark-topic-as-read)
-* [Get a message's read receipts](/api/get-read-receipts)
-
-#### Scheduled messages
-
-* [Get scheduled messages](/api/get-scheduled-messages)
-* [Create a scheduled message](/api/create-scheduled-message)
-* [Edit a scheduled message](/api/update-scheduled-message)
-* [Delete a scheduled message](/api/delete-scheduled-message)
-
-#### Drafts
-
-* [Get drafts](/api/get-drafts)
-* [Create drafts](/api/create-drafts)
-* [Edit a draft](/api/edit-draft)
-* [Delete a draft](/api/delete-draft)
-
-#### Channels
-
-* [Get subscribed channels](/api/get-subscriptions)
-* [Subscribe to a channel](/api/subscribe)
-* [Unsubscribe from a channel](/api/unsubscribe)
-* [Get subscription status](/api/get-subscription-status)
-* [Get channel subscribers](/api/get-subscribers)
-* [Update subscription settings](/api/update-subscription-settings)
-* [Get all channels](/api/get-streams)
-* [Get a channel by ID](/api/get-stream-by-id)
-* [Get channel ID](/api/get-stream-id)
-* [Create a channel](/api/create-stream)
-* [Update a channel](/api/update-stream)
-* [Archive a channel](/api/archive-stream)
-* [Get channel's email address](/api/get-stream-email-address)
-* [Get topics in a channel](/api/get-stream-topics)
-* [Topic muting](/api/mute-topic)
-* [Update personal preferences for a topic](/api/update-user-topic)
-* [Delete a topic](/api/delete-topic)
-* [Add a default channel](/api/add-default-stream)
-* [Remove a default channel](/api/remove-default-stream)
-
-#### Users
-
-* [Get a user](/api/get-user)
-* [Get a user by email](/api/get-user-by-email)
-* [Get own user](/api/get-own-user)
-* [Get all users](/api/get-users)
-* [Create a user](/api/create-user)
-* [Update a user](/api/update-user)
-* [Deactivate a user](/api/deactivate-user)
-* [Deactivate own user](/api/deactivate-own-user)
-* [Reactivate a user](/api/reactivate-user)
-* [Get a user's status](/api/get-user-status)
-* [Update your status](/api/update-status)
-* [Set "typing" status](/api/set-typing-status)
-* [Get a user's presence](/api/get-user-presence)
-* [Get presence of all users](/api/get-presence)
-* [Update your presence](/api/update-presence)
-* [Get attachments](/api/get-attachments)
-* [Delete an attachment](/api/remove-attachment)
-* [Update settings](/api/update-settings)
-* [Get user groups](/api/get-user-groups)
-* [Create a user group](/api/create-user-group)
-* [Update a user group](/api/update-user-group)
-* [Delete a user group](/api/remove-user-group)
-* [Update user group members](/api/update-user-group-members)
-* [Update subgroups of a user group](/api/update-user-group-subgroups)
-* [Get user group membership status](/api/get-is-user-group-member)
-* [Get user group members](/api/get-user-group-members)
-* [Get subgroups of a user group](/api/get-user-group-subgroups)
-* [Mute a user](/api/mute-user)
-* [Unmute a user](/api/unmute-user)
-* [Get all alert words](/api/get-alert-words)
-* [Add alert words](/api/add-alert-words)
-* [Remove alert words](/api/remove-alert-words)
-
-#### Invitations
-
-* [Get all invitations](/api/get-invites)
-* [Send invitations](/api/send-invites)
-* [Create a reusable invitation link](/api/create-invite-link)
-* [Resend an email invitation](/api/resend-email-invite)
-* [Revoke an email invitation](/api/revoke-email-invite)
-* [Revoke a reusable invitation link](/api/revoke-invite-link)
-
-#### Server & organizations
-
-* [Get server settings](/api/get-server-settings)
-* [Get linkifiers](/api/get-linkifiers)
-* [Add a linkifier](/api/add-linkifier)
-* [Update a linkifier](/api/update-linkifier)
-* [Remove a linkifier](/api/remove-linkifier)
-* [Reorder linkifiers](/api/reorder-linkifiers)
-* [Add a code playground](/api/add-code-playground)
-* [Remove a code playground](/api/remove-code-playground)
-* [Get all custom emoji](/api/get-custom-emoji)
-* [Upload custom emoji](/api/upload-custom-emoji)
-* [Deactivate custom emoji](/api/deactivate-custom-emoji)
-* [Get all custom profile fields](/api/get-custom-profile-fields)
-* [Reorder custom profile fields](/api/reorder-custom-profile-fields)
-* [Create a custom profile field](/api/create-custom-profile-field)
-* [Update realm-level defaults of user settings](/api/update-realm-user-settings-defaults)
-
-#### Real-time events
-
-* [Real time events API](/api/real-time-events)
-* [Register an event queue](/api/register-queue)
-* [Get events from an event queue](/api/get-events)
-* [Delete an event queue](/api/delete-queue)
-
-#### Specialty endpoints
-
-* [Fetch an API key (production)](/api/fetch-api-key)
-* [Fetch an API key (development only)](/api/dev-fetch-api-key)
-* [Send a test notification to mobile device(s)](/api/test-notify)
-* [Add an APNs device token](/api/add-apns-token)
-* [Remove an APNs device token](/api/remove-apns-token)
-* [Add an FCM registration token](/api/add-fcm-token)
-* [Remove an FCM registration token](/api/remove-fcm-token)
-* [Create BigBlueButton video call](/api/create-big-blue-button-video-call)
--- a/api_docs/incoming-webhooks-overview.md
+++ b/api_docs/incoming-webhooks-overview.md
@@ -1,223 +0,0 @@
-# Incoming webhook integrations
-
-An incoming webhook allows a third-party service to push data to Zulip when
-something happens. There are several ways to set up an incoming webhook in
-Zulip:
-
-* Use our [REST API](/api/rest) endpoint for [sending
-  messages](/api/send-message).  This works great for internal tools
-  or cases where the third-party tool wants to control the formatting
-  of the messages in Zulip.
-* Use one of our supported [integration
-  frameworks](/integrations/meta-integration), such as the
-  [Slack-compatible incoming webhook](/integrations/doc/slack_incoming),
-  [Zapier integration](/integrations/doc/zapier), or
-  [IFTTT integration](/integrations/doc/ifttt).
-* Implementing an incoming webhook integration (detailed on this page),
-  where all the logic for formatting the Zulip messages lives in the
-  Zulip server.  This is how most of [Zulip's official
-  integrations](/integrations/) work, because they enable Zulip to
-  support third-party services that just have an "outgoing webhook"
-  feature (without the third party needing to do any work specific to
-  Zulip).
-
-In an incoming webhook integration, the third-party service's
-"outgoing webhook" feature sends an `HTTP POST` to a special URL when
-it has something for you, and then the Zulip "incoming webhook"
-integration handles that incoming data to format and send a message in
-Zulip.
-
-New official Zulip webhook integrations can take just a few hours to
-write, including tests and documentation, if you use the right
-process.
-
-## Quick guide
-
-* Set up the
-  [Zulip development environment](https://zulip.readthedocs.io/en/latest/development/overview.html).
-
-* Use [Zulip's JSON integration](/integrations/doc/json),
-  <https://webhook.site/>, or a similar site to capture an example
-  webhook payload from the third-party service. Create a
-  `zerver/webhooks/<mywebhook>/fixtures/` directory, and add the
-  captured JSON payload as a test fixture.
-
-* Create an `Integration` object, and add it to the `WEBHOOK_INTEGRATIONS`
-  list in `zerver/lib/integrations.py`. Search for `WebhookIntegration` in that
-  file to find an existing one to copy.
-
-* Write a draft webhook handler in `zerver/webhooks/<mywebhook>/view.py`. There
-  are a lot of examples in the `zerver/webhooks/` directory that you can copy.
-  We recommend templating from a short one, like `zendesk`.
-
-* Write a test for your fixture in `zerver/webhooks/<mywebhook>/tests.py`.
-  Run the test for your integration like this:
-
-    ```
-    tools/test-backend zerver/webhooks/<mywebhook>/
-    ```
-
-    Iterate on debugging the test and webhooks handler until it all
-    works.
-
-* Capture payloads for the other common types of `POST`s the third-party
-  service will make, and add tests for them; usually this part of the
-  process is pretty fast.
-
-* Document the integration in `zerver/webhooks/<mywebhook>/doc.md`(required for
-  getting it merged into Zulip). You can use existing documentation, like
-  [this one](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/zulip/zulip/main/zerver/webhooks/github/doc.md),
-  as a template. This should not take more than 15 minutes, even if you don't speak English
-  as a first language (we'll clean up the text before merging).
-
-## Hello world walkthrough
-
-Check out the [detailed walkthrough](incoming-webhooks-walkthrough) for step-by-step
-instructions.
-
-## Checklist
-
-### Files that need to be created
-
-Select a name for your incoming webhook and use it consistently. The examples
-below are for a webhook named `MyWebHook`.
-
-* `zerver/webhooks/mywebhook/__init__.py`: Empty file that is an obligatory
-   part of every python package.  Remember to `git add` it.
-* `zerver/webhooks/mywebhook/view.py`: The main webhook integration function,
-  called `api_mywebhook_webhook`, along with any necessary helper functions.
-* `zerver/webhooks/mywebhook/fixtures/message_type.json`: Sample JSON payload data
-  used by tests. Add one fixture file per type of message supported by your
-  integration.
-* `zerver/webhooks/mywebhook/tests.py`: Tests for your webhook.
-* `zerver/webhooks/mywebhook/doc.md`: End-user documentation explaining
-  how to add the integration.
-* `static/images/integrations/logos/mywebhook.svg`: A square logo for the
-  platform/server/product you are integrating. Used on the documentation
-  pages as well as the sender's avatar for messages sent by the integration.
-* `static/images/integrations/mywebhook/001.png`: A screenshot of a message
-  sent by the integration, used on the documentation page. This can be
-  generated by running `tools/screenshots/generate-integration-docs-screenshot --integration mywebhook`.
-* `static/images/integrations/bot_avatars/mywebhook.png`: A square logo for the
-  platform/server/product you are integrating which is used to create the avatar
-  for generating screenshots with. This can be generated automatically from
-  `static/images/integrations/logos/mywebhook.svg` by running
-  `tools/setup/generate_integration_bots_avatars.py`.
-
-### Files that need to be updated
-
-* `zerver/lib/integrations.py`: Add your integration to
-  `WEBHOOK_INTEGRATIONS`. This will automatically register a
-  URL for the incoming webhook of the form `api/v1/external/mywebhook` and
-  associate it with the function called `api_mywebhook_webhook` in
-  `zerver/webhooks/mywebhook/view.py`. Also add your integration to
-  `DOC_SCREENSHOT_CONFIG`. This will allow you to automatically generate
-  a screenshot for the documentation by running
-  `tools/screenshots/generate-integration-docs-screenshot --integration mywebhook`.
-
-## Common Helpers
-
-* If your integration will receive a test webhook payload, you can use
-  `get_setup_webhook_message` to create our standard message for test payloads.
-  You can import this from `zerver/lib/webhooks/common.py`, and it will generate
-  a message like this: "GitHub webhook is successfully configured! 🎉"
-
-## General advice
-
-* Consider using our Zulip markup to make the output from your
-  integration especially attractive or useful (e.g., emoji, Markdown
-  emphasis, or @-mentions).
-
-* Use topics effectively to ensure sequential messages about the same
-  thing are threaded together; this makes for much better consumption
-  by users.  E.g., for a bug tracker integration, put the bug number in
-  the topic for all messages; for an integration like Nagios, put the
-  service in the topic.
-
-* Integrations that don't match a team's workflow can often be
-  uselessly spammy.  Give careful thought to providing options for
-  triggering Zulip messages only for certain message types, certain
-  projects, or sending different messages to different channels/topics,
-  to make it easy for teams to configure the integration to support
-  their workflow.
-
-* Consistently capitalize the name of the integration in the
-  documentation and the Client name the way the vendor does.  It's OK
-  to use all-lower-case in the implementation.
-
-* Sometimes it can be helpful to contact the vendor if it appears they
-  don't have an API or webhook we can use; sometimes the right API
-  is just not properly documented.
-
-* A helpful tool for testing your integration is
-  [UltraHook](http://www.ultrahook.com/), which allows you to receive webhook
-  calls via your local Zulip development environment. This enables you to do end-to-end
-  testing with live data from the service you're integrating and can help you
-  spot why something isn't working or if the service is using custom HTTP
-  headers.
-
-## URL specification
-
-The base URL for an incoming webhook integration bot, where
-`INTEGRATION_NAME` is the name of the specific webhook integration and
-`API_KEY` is the API key of the bot created by the user for the
-integration, is:
-
-```
-{{ api_url }}/v1/external/INTEGRATION_NAME?api_key=API_KEY
-```
-
-The list of existing webhook integrations can be found by browsing the
-[Integrations documentation](/integrations/) or in
-`zerver/lib/integrations.py` at `WEBHOOK_INTEGRATIONS`.
-
-Parameters accepted in the URL include:
-
-### api_key *(required)*
-
-The API key of the bot created by the user for the integration. To get a
-bot's API key, see the [API keys](/api/api-keys) documentation.
-
-### stream
-
-The channel for the integration to send notifications to. Can be either
-the channel ID or the [URL-encoded][url-encoder] channel name. By default
-the integration will send direct messages to the bot's owner.
-
-!!! tip ""
-
-    A channel ID can be found when [browsing channels][browse-channels]
-    in the web or desktop apps.
-
-### topic
-
-The topic in the specified channel for the integration to send
-notifications to. The topic should also be [URL-encoded][url-encoder].
-By default the integration will have a topic configured for channel
-messages.
-
-### only_events, exclude_events
-
-Some incoming webhook integrations support these parameters to filter
-which events will trigger a notification. You can append either
-`&only_events=["event_a","event_b"]` or
-`&exclude_events=["event_a","event_b"]` (or both, with different events)
-to the URL, with an arbitrary number of supported events.
-
-You can use UNIX-style wildcards like `*` to include multiple events.
-For example, `test*` matches every event that starts with `test`.
-
-!!! tip ""
-
-    For a list of supported events, see a specific [integration's
-    documentation](/integrations) page.
-
-[browse-channels]: /help/introduction-to-channels#browse-and-subscribe-to-channels
-[add-bot]: /help/add-a-bot-or-integration
-[url-encoder]: https://www.urlencoder.org/
-
-## Related articles
-
-* [Integrations overview](/api/integrations-overview)
-* [Incoming webhook walkthrough](/api/incoming-webhooks-walkthrough)
-* [Non-webhook integrations](/api/non-webhook-integrations)
--- a/api_docs/incoming-webhooks-walkthrough.md
+++ b/api_docs/incoming-webhooks-walkthrough.md
@@ -1,660 +0,0 @@
-# Incoming webhook walkthrough
-
-Below, we explain each part of a simple incoming webhook integration,
-called **Hello World**.  This integration sends a "hello" message to the `test`
-channel and includes a link to the Wikipedia article of the day, which
-it formats from json data it receives in the http request.
-
-Use this walkthrough to learn how to write your first webhook
-integration.
-
-## Step 0: Create fixtures
-
-The first step in creating an incoming webhook is to examine the data that the
-service you want to integrate will be sending to Zulip.
-
-* Use [Zulip's JSON integration](/integrations/doc/json),
-<https://webhook.site/>, or a similar tool to capture webhook
-payload(s) from the service you are integrating. Examining this data
-allows you to do two things:
-
-1. Determine how you will need to structure your webhook code, including what
-   message types your integration should support and how.
-2. Create fixtures for your webhook tests.
-
-A test fixture is a small file containing test data, one for each test.
-Fixtures enable the testing of webhook integration code without the need to
-actually contact the service being integrated.
-
-Because `Hello World` is a very simple integration that does one
-thing, it requires only one fixture,
-`zerver/webhooks/helloworld/fixtures/hello.json`:
-
-```json
-{
-  "featured_title":"Marilyn Monroe",
-  "featured_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marilyn_Monroe",
-}
-```
-
-When writing your own incoming webhook integration, you'll want to write a test function
-for each distinct message condition your integration supports. You'll also need a
-corresponding fixture for each of these tests. Depending on the type of data
-the 3rd party service sends, your fixture may contain JSON, URL encoded text, or
-some other kind of data. See [Step 5: Create automated tests](#step-5-create-automated-tests) or
-[Testing](https://zulip.readthedocs.io/en/latest/testing/testing.html) for further details.
-
-### HTTP Headers
-
-Some third-party webhook APIs, such as GitHub's, don't encode all the
-information about an event in the JSON request body.  Instead, they
-put key details like the event type in a separate HTTP header
-(generally this is clear in their API documentation).  In order to
-test Zulip's handling of that integration, you will need to record
-which HTTP headers are used with each fixture you capture.
-
-Since this is integration-dependent, Zulip offers a simple API for
-doing this, which is probably best explained by looking at the example
-for GitHub: `zerver/webhooks/github/view.py`; basically, as part of
-writing your integration, you'll write a special function in your
-view.py file that maps the filename of the fixture to the set of HTTP
-headers to use. This function must be named "fixture_to_headers". Most
-integrations will use the same strategy as the GitHub integration:
-encoding the third party variable header data (usually just an event
-type) in the fixture filename, in such a case, you won't need to
-explicitly write the logic for such a special function again,
-instead you can just use the same helper method that the GitHub
-integration uses.
-
-## Step 1: Initialize your webhook python package
-
-In the `zerver/webhooks/` directory, create new subdirectory that will
-contain all of the corresponding code. In our example, it will be
-`helloworld`. The new directory will be a python package, so you have
-to create an empty `__init__.py` file in that directory via, for
-example, `touch zerver/webhooks/helloworld/__init__.py`.
-
-## Step 2: Create main webhook code
-
-The majority of the code for your new integration will be in a single
-python file, `zerver/webhooks/mywebhook/view.py`.
-
-The Hello World integration is in `zerver/webhooks/helloworld/view.py`:
-
-```python
-from django.http import HttpRequest, HttpResponse
-
-from zerver.decorator import webhook_view
-from zerver.lib.response import json_success
-from zerver.lib.typed_endpoint import JsonBodyPayload, typed_endpoint
-from zerver.lib.validator import WildValue, check_string
-from zerver.lib.webhooks.common import check_send_webhook_message
-from zerver.models import UserProfile
-
-
-@webhook_view("HelloWorld")
-@typed_endpoint
-def api_helloworld_webhook(
-    request: HttpRequest,
-    user_profile: UserProfile,
-    *,
-    payload: JsonBodyPayload[WildValue],
-) -> HttpResponse:
-    # construct the body of the message
-    body = "Hello! I am happy to be here! :smile:"
-
-    # try to add the Wikipedia article of the day
-    body_template = (
-        "\nThe Wikipedia featured article for today is **[{featured_title}]({featured_url})**"
-    )
-    body += body_template.format(
-        featured_title=payload["featured_title"].tame(check_string),
-        featured_url=payload["featured_url"].tame(check_string),
-    )
-
-    topic = "Hello World"
-
-    # send the message
-    check_send_webhook_message(request, user_profile, topic, body)
-
-    return json_success(request)
-```
-
-The above code imports the required functions and defines the main webhook
-function `api_helloworld_webhook`, decorating it with `webhook_view` and
-`typed_endpoint`. The `typed_endpoint` decorator allows you to
-access request variables with `JsonBodyPayload()`. You can find more about `JsonBodyPayload` and request variables in [Writing views](
-https://zulip.readthedocs.io/en/latest/tutorials/writing-views.html#request-variables).
-
-You must pass the name of your integration to the
-`webhook_view` decorator; that name will be used to
-describe your integration in Zulip's analytics (e.g., the `/stats`
-page). Here we have used `HelloWorld`. To be consistent with other
-integrations, use the name of the product you are integrating in camel
-case, spelled as the product spells its own name (except always first
-letter upper-case).
-
-The `webhook_view` decorator indicates that the 3rd party service will
-send the authorization as an API key in the query parameters. If your service uses
-HTTP basic authentication, you would instead use the `authenticated_rest_api_view`
-decorator.
-
-You should name your webhook function as such
-`api_webhookname_webhook` where `webhookname` is the name of your
-integration and is always lower-case.
-
-At minimum, the webhook function must accept `request` (Django
-[HttpRequest](https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.0/ref/request-response/#django.http.HttpRequest)
-object), and `user_profile` (Zulip's user object). You may also want to
-define additional parameters using the `REQ` object.
-
-In the example above, we have defined `payload` which is populated
-from the body of the http request, `stream` with a default of `test`
-(available by default in the Zulip development environment), and
-`topic` with a default of `Hello World`. If your webhook uses a custom channel,
-it must exist before a message can be created in it. (See
-[Step 4: Create automated tests](#step-5-create-automated-tests) for how to handle this in tests.)
-
-The line that begins `# type` is a mypy type annotation. See [this
-page](https://zulip.readthedocs.io/en/latest/testing/mypy.html) for details about
-how to properly annotate your webhook functions.
-
-In the body of the function we define the body of the message as `Hello! I am
-happy to be here! :smile:`. The `:smile:` indicates an emoji. Then we append a
-link to the Wikipedia article of the day as provided by the json payload.
-
-* Sometimes, it might occur that a json payload does not contain all required keys your
-  integration checks for. In such a case, any `KeyError` thrown is handled by the server
-  backend and will create an appropriate response.
-
-Then we send a message with `check_send_webhook_message`, which will
-validate the message and do the following:
-
-* Send a public (channel) message if the `stream` query parameter is
-  specified in the webhook URL.
-* If the `stream` query parameter isn't specified, it will send a direct
-  message to the owner of the webhook bot.
-
-Finally, we return a 200 http status with a JSON format success message via
-`json_success(request)`.
-
-## Step 3: Create an API endpoint for the webhook
-
-In order for an incoming webhook to be externally available, it must be mapped
-to a URL. This is done in `zerver/lib/integrations.py`.
-
-Look for the lines beginning with:
-
-```python
-WEBHOOK_INTEGRATIONS: List[WebhookIntegration] = [
-```
-
-And you'll find the entry for Hello World:
-
-```python
-  WebhookIntegration("helloworld", ["misc"], display_name="Hello World"),
-```
-
-This tells the Zulip API to call the `api_helloworld_webhook` function in
-`zerver/webhooks/helloworld/view.py` when it receives a request at
-`/api/v1/external/helloworld`.
-
-This line also tells Zulip to generate an entry for Hello World on the Zulip
-integrations page using `static/images/integrations/logos/helloworld.svg` as its
-icon. The second positional argument defines a list of categories for the
-integration.
-
-At this point, if you're following along and/or writing your own Hello World
-webhook, you have written enough code to test your integration. There are three
-tools which you can use to test your webhook - 2 command line tools and a GUI.
-
-### Webhooks requiring custom configuration
-
-In rare cases, it's necessary for an incoming webhook to require
-additional user configuration beyond what is specified in the post
-URL.  The typical use case for this is APIs like the Stripe API that
-require clients to do a callback to get details beyond an opaque
-object ID that one would want to include in a Zulip notification.
-
-These configuration options are declared as follows:
-
-```python
-    WebhookIntegration('helloworld', ['misc'], display_name='Hello World',
-                       config_options=[('HelloWorld API key', 'hw_api_key', check_string)])
-```
-
-`config_options` is a list describing the parameters the user should
-configure:
-    1. A user-facing string describing the field to display to users.
-    2. The field name you'll use to access this from your `view.py` function.
-    3. A Validator, used to verify the input is valid.
-
-Common validators are available in `zerver/lib/validators.py`.
-
-## Step 4: Manually testing the webhook
-
-For either one of the command line tools, first, you'll need to get an
-API key from the **Bots** section of your Zulip user's **Personal
-settings**. To test the webhook, you'll need to [create a
-bot](https://zulip.com/help/add-a-bot-or-integration) with the
-**Incoming webhook** type. Replace `<api_key>` with your bot's API key
-in the examples presented below! This is how Zulip knows that the
-request was made by an authorized user.
-
-### Curl
-
-Using curl:
-```bash
-curl -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '{ "featured_title":"Marilyn Monroe", "featured_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marilyn_Monroe" }' http://localhost:9991/api/v1/external/helloworld\?api_key\=<api_key>
-```
-
-After running the above command, you should see something similar to:
-
-```json
-{"msg":"","result":"success"}
-```
-
-### Management command: send_webhook_fixture_message
-
-Using `manage.py` from within the Zulip development environment:
-
-```console
-(zulip-py3-venv) vagrant@vagrant:/srv/zulip$
-./manage.py send_webhook_fixture_message \
-    --fixture=zerver/webhooks/helloworld/fixtures/hello.json \
-    '--url=http://localhost:9991/api/v1/external/helloworld?api_key=<api_key>'
-```
-
-After running the above command, you should see something similar to:
-
-```
-2016-07-07 15:06:59,187 INFO     127.0.0.1       POST    200 143ms (mem: 6ms/13) (md: 43ms/1) (db: 20ms/9q) (+start: 147ms) /api/v1/external/helloworld (helloworld-bot@zulip.com via ZulipHelloWorldWebhook)
-```
-
-Some webhooks require custom HTTP headers, which can be passed using
-`./manage.py send_webhook_fixture_message --custom-headers`.  For
-example:
-
-    --custom-headers='{"X-Custom-Header": "value"}'
-
-The format is a JSON dictionary, so make sure that the header names do
-not contain any spaces in them and that you use the precise quoting
-approach shown above.
-
-For more information about `manage.py` command-line tools in Zulip, see
-the [management commands][management-commands] documentation.
-
-[management-commands]: https://zulip.readthedocs.io/en/latest/production/management-commands.html
-
-### Integrations Dev Panel
-This is the GUI tool.
-
-{start_tabs}
-
-1. Run `./tools/run-dev` then go to http://localhost:9991/devtools/integrations/.
-
-1. Set the following mandatory fields:
-**Bot** - Any incoming webhook bot.
-**Integration** - One of the integrations.
-**Fixture** - Though not mandatory, it's recommended that you select one and then tweak it if necessary.
-The remaining fields are optional, and the URL will automatically be generated.
-
-1. Click **Send**!
-
-{end_tabs}
-
-By opening Zulip in one tab and then this tool in another, you can quickly tweak
-your code and send sample messages for many different test fixtures.
-
-Note: Custom HTTP Headers must be entered as a JSON dictionary, if you want to use any in the first place that is.
-Feel free to use 4-spaces as tabs for indentation if you'd like!
-
-Your sample notification may look like:
-
-<img class="screenshot" src="/static/images/api/helloworld-webhook.png" alt="screenshot" />
-
-
-
-## Step 5: Create automated tests
-
-Every webhook integration should have a corresponding test file:
-`zerver/webhooks/mywebhook/tests.py`.
-
-The Hello World integration's tests are in `zerver/webhooks/helloworld/tests.py`
-
-You should name the class `<WebhookName>HookTests` and have it inherit from
-the base class `WebhookTestCase`. For our HelloWorld webhook, we name the test
-class `HelloWorldHookTests`:
-
-```python
-class HelloWorldHookTests(WebhookTestCase):
-    CHANNEL_NAME = "test"
-    URL_TEMPLATE = "/api/v1/external/helloworld?&api_key={api_key}&stream={stream}"
-    DIRECT_MESSAGE_URL_TEMPLATE = "/api/v1/external/helloworld?&api_key={api_key}"
-    WEBHOOK_DIR_NAME = "helloworld"
-
-    # Note: Include a test function per each distinct message condition your integration supports
-    def test_hello_message(self) -> None:
-        expected_topic = "Hello World"
-        expected_message = "Hello! I am happy to be here! :smile:\nThe Wikipedia featured article for today is **[Marilyn Monroe](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marilyn_Monroe)**"
-
-        # use fixture named helloworld_hello
-        self.check_webhook(
-            "hello",
-            expected_topic,
-            expected_message,
-            content_type="application/x-www-form-urlencoded",
-        )
-```
-
-In the above example, `CHANNEL_NAME`, `URL_TEMPLATE`, and `WEBHOOK_DIR_NAME` refer
-to class attributes from the base class, `WebhookTestCase`. These are needed by
-the helper function `check_webhook` to determine how to execute
-your test. `CHANNEL_NAME` should be set to your default channel. If it doesn't exist,
-`check_webhook` will create it while executing your test.
-
-If your test expects a channel name from a test fixture, the value in the fixture
-and the value you set for `CHANNEL_NAME` must match. The test helpers use `CHANNEL_NAME`
-to create the destination channel, and then create the message to send using the
-value from the fixture. If these don't match, the test will fail.
-
-`URL_TEMPLATE` defines how the test runner will call your incoming webhook, in the same way
- you would provide a webhook URL to the 3rd party service. `api_key={api_key}` says
-that an API key is expected.
-
-When writing tests for your webhook, you'll want to include one test function
-(and corresponding fixture) per each distinct message condition that your
-integration supports.
-
-If, for example, we added support for sending a goodbye message to our `Hello
-World` webhook, we would add another test function to `HelloWorldHookTests`
-class called something like `test_goodbye_message`:
-
-```python
-    def test_goodbye_message(self) -> None:
-        expected_topic = "Hello World"
-        expected_message = "Hello! I am happy to be here! :smile:\nThe Wikipedia featured article for today is **[Goodbye](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goodbye)**"
-
-        # use fixture named helloworld_goodbye
-        self.check_webhook(
-            "goodbye",
-            expected_topic,
-            expected_message,
-            content_type="application/x-www-form-urlencoded",
-        )
-```
-
-As well as a new fixture `goodbye.json` in
-`zerver/webhooks/helloworld/fixtures/`:
-
-```json
-{
-  "featured_title":"Goodbye",
-  "featured_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goodbye",
-}
-```
-
-Also consider if your integration should have negative tests, a test where the
-data from the test fixture should result in an error. For details see
-[Negative tests](#negative-tests), below.
-
-Once you have written some tests, you can run just these new tests from within
-the Zulip development environment with this command:
-
-```console
-(zulip-py3-venv) vagrant@vagrant:/srv/zulip$
-./tools/test-backend zerver/webhooks/helloworld
-```
-
-(Note: You must run the tests from the top level of your development directory.
-The standard location in a Vagrant environment is `/srv/zulip`. If you are not
-using Vagrant, use the directory where you have your development environment.)
-
-You will see some script output and if all the tests have passed, you will see:
-
-```console
-Running zerver.webhooks.helloworld.tests.HelloWorldHookTests.test_goodbye_message
-Running zerver.webhooks.helloworld.tests.HelloWorldHookTests.test_hello_message
-DONE!
-```
-
-## Step 6: Create documentation
-
-Next, we add end-user documentation for our integration.  You
-can see the existing examples at <https://zulip.com/integrations>
-or by accessing `/integrations` in your Zulip development environment.
-
-There are two parts to the end-user documentation on this page.
-
-The first is the lozenge in the grid of integrations, showing your
-integration logo and name, which links to the full documentation.
-This is generated automatically once you've registered the integration
-in `WEBHOOK_INTEGRATIONS` in `zerver/lib/integrations.py`, and supports
-some customization via options to the `WebhookIntegration` class.
-
-Second, you need to write the actual documentation content in
-`zerver/webhooks/mywebhook/doc.md`.
-
-```md
-Learn how Zulip integrations work with this simple Hello World example!
-
-1.  The Hello World webhook will use the `test` channel, which is created
-    by default in the Zulip development environment. If you are running
-    Zulip in production, you should make sure that this channel exists.
-
-1. {!create-an-incoming-webhook.md!}
-
-1. {!generate-integration-url.md!}
-
-1.  To trigger a notification using this example webhook, you can use
-    `send_webhook_fixture_message` from a [Zulip development
-    environment](https://zulip.readthedocs.io/en/latest/development/overview.html):
-
-    ```
-        (zulip-py3-venv) vagrant@vagrant:/srv/zulip$
-        ./manage.py send_webhook_fixture_message \
-        > --fixture=zerver/tests/fixtures/helloworld/hello.json \
-        > '--url=http://localhost:9991/api/v1/external/helloworld?api_key=abcdefgh&stream=stream%20name;'
-    ```
-
-    Or, use curl:
-
-    ```
-    curl -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '{ "featured_title":"Marilyn Monroe", "featured_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marilyn_Monroe" }' http://localhost:9991/api/v1/external/helloworld\?api_key=abcdefgh&stream=stream%20name;
-    ```
-
-{!congrats.md!}
-
-![Hello World integration](/static/images/integrations/helloworld/001.png)
-
-```
-
-`{!create-an-incoming-webhook.md!}` and `{!congrats.md!}` are examples of
-a Markdown macro. Zulip has a macro-based Markdown/Jinja2 framework that
-includes macros for common instructions in Zulip's webhooks/integrations
-documentation.
-
-See
-[our guide on documenting an integration][integration-docs-guide]
-for further details, including how to easily create the message
-screenshot. Mostly you should plan on templating off an existing guide, like
-[this one](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/zulip/zulip/main/zerver/webhooks/github/doc.md).
-
-[integration-docs-guide]: https://zulip.readthedocs.io/en/latest/documentation/integrations.html
-
-## Step 7: Preparing a pull request to zulip/zulip
-
-When you have finished your webhook integration, follow these guidelines before
-pushing the code to your fork and submitting a pull request to zulip/zulip:
-
- Run tests including linters and ensure you have addressed any issues they
-  report. See [Testing](https://zulip.readthedocs.io/en/latest/testing/testing.html)
-  and [Linters](https://zulip.readthedocs.io/en/latest/testing/linters.html) for details.
- Read through [Code styles and conventions](
-  https://zulip.readthedocs.io/en/latest/contributing/code-style.html) and take a look
-  through your code to double-check that you've followed Zulip's guidelines.
- Take a look at your Git history to ensure your commits have been clear and
-  logical (see [Commit discipline](
-  https://zulip.readthedocs.io/en/latest/contributing/commit-discipline.html) for tips). If not,
-  consider revising them with `git rebase --interactive`. For most incoming webhooks,
-  you'll want to squash your changes into a single commit and include a good,
-  clear commit message.
-
-If you would like feedback on your integration as you go, feel free to post a
-message on the [public Zulip instance](https://chat.zulip.org/#narrow/channel/integrations).
-You can also create a [draft pull request](
-https://docs.github.com/en/pull-requests/collaborating-with-pull-requests/proposing-changes-to-your-work-with-pull-requests/about-pull-requests#draft-pull-requests) while you
-are still working on your integration. See the
-[Git guide](https://zulip.readthedocs.io/en/latest/git/pull-requests.html#create-a-pull-request)
-for more on Zulip's pull request process.
-
-## Advanced topics
-
-More complex implementation or testing needs may require additional code, beyond
-what the standard helper functions provide. This section discusses some of
-these situations.
-
-### Negative tests
-
-A negative test is one that should result in an error, such as incorrect data.
-The helper functions may interpret this as a test failure, when it should instead
-be a successful test of an error condition. To correctly test these cases, you
-must explicitly code your test's execution (using other helpers, as needed)
-rather than call the usual helper function.
-
-Here is an example from the WordPress integration:
-
-```python
-def test_unknown_action_no_data(self) -> None:
-    # Mimic check_webhook() to manually execute a negative test.
-    # Otherwise its call to send_webhook_payload() would assert on the non-success
-    # we are testing. The value of result is the error message the webhook should
-    # return if no params are sent. The fixture for this test is an empty file.
-
-    # subscribe to the target channel
-    self.subscribe(self.test_user, self.CHANNEL_NAME)
-
-    # post to the webhook url
-    post_params = {'stream_name': self.CHANNEL_NAME,
-                   'content_type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded'}
-    result = self.client_post(self.url, 'unknown_action', **post_params)
-
-    # check that we got the expected error message
-    self.assert_json_error(result, "Unknown WordPress webhook action: WordPress action")
-```
-
-In a normal test, `check_webhook` would handle all the setup
-and then check that the incoming webhook's response matches the expected result. If
-the webhook returns an error, the test fails. Instead, explicitly do the
-setup it would have done, and check the result yourself.
-
-Here, `subscribe_to_stream` is a test helper that uses `TEST_USER_EMAIL` and
-`CHANNEL_NAME` (attributes from the base class) to register the user to receive
-messages in the given channel. If the channel doesn't exist, it creates it.
-
-`client_post`, another helper, performs the HTTP POST that calls the incoming
-webhook. As long as `self.url` is correct, you don't need to construct the webhook
-URL yourself. (In most cases, it is.)
-
-`assert_json_error` then checks if the result matches the expected error.
-If you had used `check_webhook`, it would have called
-`send_webhook_payload`, which checks the result with `assert_json_success`.
-
-### Custom query parameters
-
-Custom arguments passed in URL query parameters work as expected in the webhook
-code, but require special handling in tests.
-
-For example, here is the definition of a webhook function that gets both `stream`
-and `topic` from the query parameters:
-
-```python
-def api_querytest_webhook(request: HttpRequest, user_profile: UserProfile,
-                          payload: str=REQ(argument_type='body'),
-                          stream: str=REQ(default='test'),
-                          topic: str=REQ(default='Default Alert')):
-```
-
-In actual use, you might configure the 3rd party service to call your Zulip
-integration with a URL like this:
-
-```
-http://myhost/api/v1/external/querytest?api_key=abcdefgh&stream=alerts&topic=queries
-```
-
-It provides values for `stream` and `topic`, and the webhook can get those
-using `REQ` without any special handling. How does this work in a test?
-
-The new attribute `TOPIC` exists only in our class so far. In order to
-construct a URL with a query parameter for `topic`, you can pass the
-attribute `TOPIC` as a keyword argument to `build_webhook_url`, like so:
-
-```python
-class QuerytestHookTests(WebhookTestCase):
-
-    CHANNEL_NAME = 'querytest'
-    TOPIC = "Default topic"
-    URL_TEMPLATE = "/api/v1/external/querytest?api_key={api_key}&stream={stream}"
-    FIXTURE_DIR_NAME = 'querytest'
-
-    def test_querytest_test_one(self) -> None:
-        # construct the URL used for this test
-        self.TOPIC = "Query test"
-        self.url = self.build_webhook_url(topic=self.TOPIC)
-
-        # define the expected message contents
-        expected_topic = "Query test"
-        expected_message = "This is a test of custom query parameters."
-
-        self.check_webhook('test_one', expected_topic, expected_message,
-                                          content_type="application/x-www-form-urlencoded")
-```
-
-You can also override `get_body` or `get_payload` if your test data
-needs to be constructed in an unusual way.
-
-For more, see the definition for the base class, `WebhookTestCase`
-in `zerver/lib/test_classes.py`, or just grep for examples.
-
-
-### Custom HTTP event-type headers
-
-Some third-party services set a custom HTTP header to indicate the event type that
-generates a particular payload. To extract such headers, we recommend using the
-`validate_extract_webhook_http_header` function in `zerver/lib/webhooks/common.py`,
-like so:
-
-```python
-event = validate_extract_webhook_http_header(request, header, integration_name)
-```
-
-`request` is the `HttpRequest` object passed to your main webhook function. `header`
-is the name of the custom header you'd like to extract, such as `X-Event-Key`, and
-`integration_name` is the name of the third-party service in question, such as
-`GitHub`.
-
-Because such headers are how some integrations indicate the event types of their
-payloads, the absence of such a header usually indicates a configuration
-issue, where one either entered the URL for a different integration, or happens to
-be running an older version of the integration that doesn't set that header.
-
-If the requisite header is missing, this function sends a direct message to the
-owner of the webhook bot, notifying them of the missing header.
-
-### Handling unexpected webhook event types
-
-Many third-party services have dozens of different event types. In
-some cases, we may choose to explicitly ignore specific events. In
-other cases, there may be events that are new or events that we don't
-know about. In such cases, we recommend raising
-`UnsupportedWebhookEventTypeError` (found in `zerver/lib/exceptions.py`),
-with a string describing the unsupported event type, like so:
-
-```
-raise UnsupportedWebhookEventTypeError(event_type)
-```
-
-## Related articles
-
-* [Integrations overview](/api/integrations-overview)
-* [Incoming webhook integrations](/api/incoming-webhooks-overview)
--- a/api_docs/index.md
+++ b/api_docs/index.md
@@ -1,26 +0,0 @@
-# The Zulip API
-
-Zulip's APIs allow you to integrate other services with Zulip.  This
-guide should help you find the API you need:
-
-* First, check if the tool you'd like to integrate with Zulip
-  [already has a native integration](/integrations/).
-* Next, check if [Zapier](https://zapier.com/apps) or
-  [IFTTT](https://ifttt.com/search) has an integration.
-  [Zulip's Zapier integration](/integrations/doc/zapier) and
-  [Zulip's IFTTT integration](/integrations/doc/ifttt) often allow
-  integrating a new service with Zulip without writing any code.
-* If you'd like to send content into Zulip, you can
-  [write a native incoming webhook integration](/api/incoming-webhooks-overview)
-  or use [Zulip's API for sending messages](/api/send-message).
-* If you're building an interactive bot that reacts to activity inside
-  Zulip, you'll want to look at Zulip's
-  [Python framework for interactive bots](/api/running-bots) or
-  [Zulip's real-time events API](/api/get-events).
-
-And if you still need to build your own integration with Zulip, check out
-the full [REST API](/api/rest), generally starting with
-[installing the API client bindings](/api/installation-instructions).
-
-In case you already know how you want to build your integration and you're
-just looking for an API key, we've got you covered [here](/api/api-keys).
--- a/api_docs/integrations-overview.md
+++ b/api_docs/integrations-overview.md
@@ -1,77 +0,0 @@
-# Integrations overview
-
-Integrations allow you to send data from other products into or out of
-Zulip. Zulip natively integrates with dozens of products, and with hundreds
-more through Zapier and IFTTT.
-
-Zulip also makes it very easy to write your own integration, and (if you'd
-like) to get it merged into the main Zulip repository.
-
-Integrations are one of the most important parts of a group chat tool like
-Zulip, and we are committed to making integrating with Zulip as easy as
-possible.
-
-## Set up an existing integration
-
-Most existing integrations send content from a third-party product into
-Zulip.
-
-* Search Zulip's [list of native integrations](/integrations/) for the
-  third-party product. Each integration has a page describing how to set it
-  up.
-
-* Check if [Zapier](https://zapier.com/apps) has an integration with the
-  product. If it does, follow [these instructions](/integrations/doc/zapier)
-  to set it up.
-
-* Check if [IFTTT](https://ifttt.com/search) has an integration with the
-  product. If it does, follow [these instructions](/integrations/doc/ifttt)
-  to set it up.
-
-* Use a third-party webhook integration designed to work with
-  [Slack's webhook API](https://api.slack.com/messaging/webhooks)
-  pointed at Zulip's
-  [Slack-compatible webhook API](/integrations/slack/slack_incoming).
-
-* If the product can send email notifications, you can
-  [send those emails to a channel](/help/message-a-channel-by-email).
-
-## Write your own integration
-
-We've put a lot of effort into making this as easy as possible, but
-all of the options below do require some comfort writing code. If you
-need an integration and don't have an engineer on staff, [contact
-us](/help/contact-support) and we'll see what we can do.
-
-### Sending content into Zulip
-
-* If the third-party service supports outgoing webhooks, you likely want to
-  build an [incoming webhook integration](/api/incoming-webhooks-overview).
-
-* If it doesn't, you may want to write a
-  [script or plugin integration](/api/non-webhook-integrations).
-
-* Finally, you can
-  [send messages using Zulip's API](/api/send-message).
-
-### Sending and receiving content
-
-* To react to activity inside Zulip, look at Zulip's
-  [Python framework for interactive bots](/api/running-bots) or
-  [Zulip's real-time events API](/api/get-events).
-
-* If what you want isn't covered by the above, check out the full
-  [REST API](/api/rest). The web, mobile, desktop, and terminal apps are
-  built on top of this API, so it can do anything a human user can do. Most
-  but not all of the endpoints are documented on this site; if you need
-  something that isn't there check out Zulip's
-  [REST endpoints](https://github.com/zulip/zulip/blob/main/zproject/urls.py)
-  or [contact us](/help/contact-support) and we'll help you out.
-
-## Related articles
-
-* [Bots overview](/help/bots-overview)
-* [Set up integrations](/help/set-up-integrations)
-* [Add a bot or integration](/help/add-a-bot-or-integration)
-* [Generate integration URL](/help/generate-integration-url)
-* [Request an integration](/help/request-an-integration)
--- a/api_docs/message-formatting.md
+++ b/api_docs/message-formatting.md
@@ -1,161 +0,0 @@
-# Message formatting
-
-Zulip supports an extended version of Markdown for messages, as well as
-some HTML level special behavior. The Zulip help center article on [message
-formatting](/help/format-your-message-using-markdown) is the primary
-documentation for Zulip's markup features. This article is currently a
-changelog for updates to these features.
-
-The [render a message](/api/render-message) endpoint can be used to get
-the current HTML version of any Markdown syntax for message content.
-
-## Code blocks
-
-**Changes**: As of Zulip 4.0 (feature level 33), [code blocks][help-code]
-can have a `data-code-language` attribute attached to the outer HTML
-`div` element, which records the programming language that was selected
-for syntax highlighting. This field is used in the
-[playgrounds][help-playgrounds] feature for code blocks.
-
-## Global times
-
-**Changes**: In Zulip 3.0 (feature level 8), added [global time
-mentions][help-global-time] to supported Markdown message formatting
-features.
-
-## Image previews
-
-When a Zulip message is sent linking to an uploaded image, Zulip will
-generate an image preview element with the following format.
-
-``` html
-<div class="message_inline_image">
-    <a href="/user_uploads/path/to/image.png" title="image.png">
-        <img data-original-dimensions="1920x1080"
-          src="/user_uploads/thumbnail/path/to/image.png/840x560.webp">
-    </a>
-</div>
-```
-
-If the server has not yet generated thumbnails for the image yet at
-the time the message is sent, the `img` element will be a temporary
-loading indicator image and have the `image-loading-placeholder`
-class, which clients can use to identify loading indicators and
-replace them with a more native loading indicator element if
-desired. For example:
-
-``` html
-<div class="message_inline_image">
-    <a href="/user_uploads/path/to/image.png" title="image.png">
-        <img class="image-loading-placeholder" data-original-dimensions="1920x1080" src="/path/to/spinner.png">
-    </a>
-</div>
-```
-
-Once the server has a working thumbnail, such messages will be updated
-via an `update_message` event, with the `rendering_only: true` flag
-(telling clients not to adjust message edit history), with appropriate
-adjusted `rendered_content`. A client should process those events by
-just using the updated rendering. If thumbnailing failed, the same
-type of event will edit the message's rendered form to remove the
-image preview element, so no special client-side logic should be
-required to process such errors.
-
-Note that in the uncommon situation that the thumbnailing system is
-backlogged, an individual message containing multiple image previews
-may be re-rendered multiple times as each image finishes thumbnailing
-and triggers a message update.
-
-Clients are recommended to do the following when processing image
-previews:
-
- Clients that would like to use the image's aspect ratio to lay out
-  one or more images in the message feed may use the
-  `data-original-dimensions` attribute, which is present even if the
-  image is a placeholder spinner.  This attribute encodes the
-  dimensions of the original image as `{width}x{height}`.  These
-  dimensions are for the image as rendered, _after_ any EXIF rotation
-  and mirroring has been applied.
- If the client would like to control the thumbnail resolution used,
-  it can replace the final section of the URL (`840x560.webp` in the
-  example above) with the `name` of its preferred format from the set
-  of supported formats provided by the server in the
-  `server_thumbnail_formats` portion of the `register`
-  response. Clients should not make any assumptions about what format
-  the server will use as the "default" thumbnail resolution, as it may
-  change over time.
- Download button type elements should provide the original image
-  (encoded via the `href` of the containing `a` tag).
- Lightbox elements for viewing an image should be designed to
-  immediately display any already-downloaded thumbnail while fetching
-  the original-quality image or an appropriate higher-quality
-  thumbnail from the server, to be transparently swapped in once it is
-  available. Clients that would like to size the lightbox based on the
-  size of the original image can use the `data-original-dimensions`
-  attribute, as described above.
- Animated images will have a `data-animated` attribute on the `img`
-  tag. As detailed in `server_thumbnail_formats`, both animated and
-  still images are available for clients to use, depending on their
-  preference. See, for example, the [web
-  setting](/help/allow-image-link-previews#configure-how-animated-images-are-played)
-  to control whether animated images are autoplayed in the message
-  feed.
- Clients should not assume that the requested format is the format
-  that they will receive; in rare cases where the client has an
-  out-of-date list of `server_thumbnail_formats`, the server will
-  provide an approximation of the client's requested format.  Because
-  of this, clients should not assume that the pixel dimensions or file
-  format match what they requested.
- No other processing of the URLs is recommended.
-
-**Changes**: In Zulip 9.2 (feature levels 278-279, and 287+), added
-`data-original-dimensions` to the `image-loading-placeholder` spinner
-images, containing the dimensions of the original image.
-
-In Zulip 9.0 (feature level 276), added `data-original-dimensions`
-attribute to images that have been thumbnailed, containing the
-dimensions of the full-size version of the image. Thumbnailing itself
-was reintroduced at feature level 275.
-
-Previously, with the exception of Zulip servers that used the beta
-Thumbor-based implementation years ago, all image previews in Zulip
-messages were not thumbnailed; the `a` tag and the `img` tag would both
-point to the original image.
-
-Clients that correctly implement the current API should handle
-Thumbor-based older thumbnails correctly, as long as they do not
-assume that `data-original-dimension` is present. Clients should not
-assume that messages sent prior to the introduction of thumbnailing
-have been re-rendered to use the new format or have thumbnails
-available.
-
-## Mentions
-
-**Changes**: In Zulip 9.0 (feature level 247), `channel` was added
-to the supported [wildcard][help-mention-all] options used in the
-[mentions][help-mentions] Markdown message formatting feature.
-
-## Spoilers
-
-**Changes**: In Zulip 3.0 (feature level 15), added
-[spoilers][help-spoilers] to supported Markdown message formatting
-features.
-
-## Removed features
-
-**Changes**: In Zulip 4.0 (feature level 24), the rarely used `!avatar()`
-and `!gravatar()` markup syntax, which was never documented and had an
-inconsistent syntax, were removed.
-
-## Related articles
-
-* [Markdown formatting](/help/format-your-message-using-markdown)
-* [Send a message](/api/send-message)
-* [Render a message](/api/render-message)
-
-[help-code]: /help/code-blocks
-[help-playgrounds]: /help/code-blocks#code-playgrounds
-[help-spoilers]: /help/spoilers
-[help-global-time]: /help/global-times
-[help-mentions]: /help/mention-a-user-or-group
-[help-mention-all]: /help/mention-a-user-or-group#mention-everyone-on-a-channel
--- a/api_docs/outgoing-webhooks.md
+++ b/api_docs/outgoing-webhooks.md
@@ -1,184 +0,0 @@
-# Outgoing webhooks
-
-Outgoing webhooks allow you to build or set up Zulip integrations
-which are notified when certain types of messages are sent in
-Zulip. When one of those events is triggered, we'll send an HTTP POST
-payload to the webhook's configured URL.  Webhooks can be used to
-power a wide range of Zulip integrations.  For example, the
-[Zulip Botserver][zulip-botserver] is built on top of this API.
-
-Zulip supports outgoing webhooks both in a clean native Zulip format,
-as well as a format that's compatible with
-[Slack's outgoing webhook API][slack-outgoing-webhook], which can help
-with porting an existing Slack integration to work with Zulip.
-
-[zulip-botserver]: /api/deploying-bots#zulip-botserver
-[slack-outgoing-webhook]: https://api.slack.com/custom-integrations/outgoing-webhooks
-
-To register an outgoing webhook:
-
-* Log in to the Zulip server.
-* Navigate to *Personal settings (<i class="zulip-icon zulip-icon-gear"></i>)* -> *Bots* ->
-  *Add a new bot*.  Select *Outgoing webhook* for bot type, the URL
-  you'd like Zulip to post to as the **Endpoint URL**, the format you
-  want, and click on *Create bot*. to submit the form/
-* Your new bot user will appear in the *Active bots* panel, which you
-  can use to edit the bot's settings.
-
-## Triggering
-
-There are currently two ways to trigger an outgoing webhook:
-
-*  **@-mention** the bot user in a channel.  If the bot replies, its
-    reply will be sent to that channel and topic.
-*  **Send a direct message** with the bot as one of the recipients.
-    If the bot replies, its reply will be sent to that thread.
-
-## Timeouts
-
-The remote server must respond to a `POST` request in a timely manner.
-The default timeout for outgoing webhooks is 10 seconds, though this
-can be configured by the administrator of the Zulip server by setting
-`OUTGOING_WEBHOOKS_TIMEOUT_SECONDS` in the [server's
-settings][settings].
-
-[settings]: https://zulip.readthedocs.io/en/latest/subsystems/settings.html#server-settings
-
-## Outgoing webhook format
-
-{generate_code_example|/zulip-outgoing-webhook:post|fixture}
-
-### Fields documentation
-
-{generate_return_values_table|zulip.yaml|/zulip-outgoing-webhook:post}
-
-## Replying with a message
-
-Many bots implemented using this outgoing webhook API will want to
-send a reply message into Zulip.  Zulip's outgoing webhook API
-provides a convenient way to do that by simply returning an
-appropriate HTTP response to the Zulip server.
-
-A correctly implemented bot will return a JSON object containing one
-of two possible formats, described below.
-
-### Example response payloads
-
-If the bot code wants to opt out of responding, it can explicitly
-encode a JSON dictionary that contains `response_not_required` set
-to `True`, so that no response message is sent to the user.  (This
-is helpful to distinguish deliberate non-responses from bugs.)
-
-Here's an example of the JSON your server should respond with if
-you would not like to send a response message:
-
-```json
-{
-    "response_not_required": true
-}
-```
-
-Here's an example of the JSON your server should respond with if
-you would like to send a response message:
-
-```json
-{
-    "content": "Hey, we just received **something** from Zulip!"
-}
-```
-
-The `content` field should contain Zulip-format Markdown.
-
-Note that an outgoing webhook bot can use the [Zulip REST
-API](/api/rest) with its API key in case your bot needs to do
-something else, like add an emoji reaction or upload a file.
-
-## Slack-format webhook format
-
-This interface translates Zulip's outgoing webhook's request into the
-format that Slack's outgoing webhook interface sends.  As a result,
-one should be able to use this to interact with third-party
-integrations designed to work with Slack's outgoing webhook interface.
-Here's how we fill in the fields that a Slack-format webhook expects:
-
-<table class="table">
-    <thead>
-        <tr>
-            <th>Name</th>
-            <th>Description</th>
-        </tr>
-    </thead>
-    <tbody>
-        <tr>
-            <td><code>token</code></td>
-            <td>A string of alphanumeric characters you can use to
-            authenticate the webhook request (each bot user uses a fixed token)</td>
-        </tr>
-        <tr>
-            <td><code>team_id</code></td>
-            <td>ID of the Zulip organization prefixed by "T".</td>
-        </tr>
-        <tr>
-            <td><code>team_domain</code></td>
-            <td>Hostname of the Zulip organization</td>
-        </tr>
-        <tr>
-            <td><code>channel_id</code></td>
-            <td>Channel ID prefixed by "C"</td>
-        </tr>
-        <tr>
-            <td><code>channel_name</code></td>
-            <td>Channel name</td>
-        </tr>
-        <tr>
-            <td><code>thread_ts</code></td>
-            <td>Timestamp for when message was sent</td>
-        </tr>
-        <tr>
-            <td><code>timestamp</code></td>
-            <td>Timestamp for when message was sent</td>
-        </tr>
-        <tr>
-            <td><code>user_id</code></td>
-            <td>ID of the user who sent the message prefixed by "U"</td>
-        </tr>
-        <tr>
-            <td><code>user_name</code></td>
-            <td>Full name of sender</td>
-        </tr>
-        <tr>
-            <td><code>text</code></td>
-            <td>The content of the message (in Markdown)</td>
-        </tr>
-        <tr>
-            <td><code>trigger_word</code></td>
-            <td>Trigger method</td>
-        </tr>
-        <tr>
-            <td><code>service_id</code></td>
-            <td>ID of the bot user</td>
-        </tr>
-    </tbody>
-</table>
-
-The above data is posted as list of tuples (not JSON), here's an example:
-
-```
-[('token', 'v9fpCdldZIej2bco3uoUvGp06PowKFOf'),
- ('team_id', 'T1512'),
- ('team_domain', 'zulip.example.com'),
- ('channel_id', 'C123'),
- ('channel_name', 'integrations'),
- ('thread_ts', 1532078950),
- ('timestamp', 1532078950),
- ('user_id', 'U21'),
- ('user_name', 'Full Name'),
- ('text', '@**test**'),
- ('trigger_word', 'mention'),
- ('service_id', 27)]
-```
-
-* For successful request, if data is returned, it returns that data,
-  else it returns a blank response.
-* For failed request, it returns the reason of failure, as returned by
-  the server, or the exception message.
--- a/api_docs/rest-error-handling.md
+++ b/api_docs/rest-error-handling.md
@@ -1,64 +0,0 @@
-# Error handling
-
-Zulip's API will always return a JSON format response.
-The HTTP status code indicates whether the request was successful
-(200 = success, 4xx = user error, 5xx = server error).
-
-Every response, both success and error responses, will contain at least
-two keys:
-
- `msg`: an internationalized, human-readable error message string.
-
- `result`: either `"error"` or `"success"`, which is redundant with the
-  HTTP status code, but is convenient when print debugging.
-
-Every error response will also contain an additional key:
-
- `code`: a machine-readable error string, with a default value of
-  `"BAD_REQUEST"` for general errors.
-
-Clients should always check `code`, rather than `msg`, when looking for
-specific error conditions. The string values for `msg` are
-internationalized (e.g., the server will send the error message
-translated into French if the user has a French locale), so checking
-those strings will result in buggy code.
-
-!!! tip ""
-
-     If a client needs information that is only present in the string value
-     of `msg` for a particular error response, then the developers
-     implementing the client should [start a conversation here][api-design]
-     in order to discuss getting a specific error `code` and/or relevant
-     additional key/value pairs for that error response.
-
-In addition to the keys described above, some error responses will
-contain other keys with further details that are useful for clients. The
-specific keys present depend on the error `code`, and are documented at
-the API endpoints where these particular errors appear.
-
-**Changes**: Before Zulip 5.0 (feature level 76), all error responses
-did not contain a `code` key, and its absence indicated that no specific
-error `code` had been allocated for that error.
-
-## Common error responses
-
-Documented below are some error responses that are common to many
-endpoints:
-
-{generate_code_example|/rest-error-handling:post|fixture}
-
-## Ignored Parameters
-
-In JSON success responses, all Zulip REST API endpoints may return
-an array of parameters sent in the request that are not supported
-by that specific endpoint.
-
-While this can be expected, e.g., when sending both current and legacy
-names for a parameter to a Zulip server of unknown version, this often
-indicates either a bug in the client implementation or an attempt to
-configure a new feature while connected to an older Zulip server that
-does not support said feature.
-
-{generate_code_example|/settings:patch|fixture}
-
-[api-design]: https://chat.zulip.org/#narrow/channel/378-api-design
--- a/Show More
+++ b/Show More